Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100955
İlker Şahin , F. Özlem Güzel
Spirituality focuses on understanding the purpose of human creation and the ways to make life meaningful. The inner quest combined with travels and experiences motivated by both internal and external factors forms the core of spiritual tourism, setting it apart from religious tourism. The research primarily aims to develop, test, and validate a scale for measuring the spiritual tourism experience. The study utilizes a hypercritical scale development procedure based on the mixed research method. The data collection and processing procedure included 11 face-to-face and 42 asynchronous online interviews, 30 participant observations, a thematic analysis of 2683 tourist statements from 818 reviews, 950 questionnaires conducted on spiritual tourists, and further confirmatory factor analysis performed on PLS. The spiritual tourism experience is ultimately structured into six dimensions: "Transformation, Healing, Atmosphere, Transcendence, Escape, Divine Connectedness." The findings confirm that the 31-item "Spiritual Tourism Experience Scale (STES)" is both statistically valid and reliable. Based on the research findings, the paper presents the most comprehensive definition of spiritual tourism. The findings contradict the view that spiritual tourism is merely a subset of religious tourism. The psychometric properties of STES along with its practical and theoretical implications are discussed within the tourism industry and destination marketing framework.
{"title":"Dimensions of spirituality in tourism: Developing the spiritual tourism experience scale (STES)","authors":"İlker Şahin , F. Özlem Güzel","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spirituality focuses on understanding the purpose of human creation and the ways to make life meaningful. The inner quest combined with travels and experiences motivated by both internal and external factors forms the core of spiritual tourism, setting it apart from religious tourism. The research primarily aims to develop, test, and validate a scale for measuring the spiritual tourism experience. The study utilizes a hypercritical scale development procedure based on the mixed research method. The data collection and processing procedure included 11 face-to-face and 42 asynchronous online interviews, 30 participant observations, a thematic analysis of 2683 tourist statements from 818 reviews, 950 questionnaires conducted on spiritual tourists, and further confirmatory factor analysis performed on PLS. The spiritual tourism experience is ultimately structured into six dimensions: \"<em>Transformation, Healing, Atmosphere, Transcendence, Escape, Divine Connectedness.</em>\" The findings confirm that the 31-item \"<em>Spiritual Tourism Experience Scale (STES)\"</em> is both statistically valid and reliable. Based on the research findings, the paper presents the most comprehensive definition of spiritual tourism. The findings contradict the view that spiritual tourism is merely a subset of religious tourism. The psychometric properties of STES along with its practical and theoretical implications are discussed within the tourism industry and destination marketing framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100955"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1007/s11077-024-09556-3
Hengameh Saberi
In the Policy Sciences of Harold Lasswell, Douglas Torgerson asks an important question–whether the logic of policy sciences can inspire democratic hope for social betterment. His response is refreshing and psychoanalytically-informed optimism, whereas a jurisprudential detour of the NHS’s legacy as the most important application of policy sciences in another discipline calls for agnosticism. Revisiting the application of policy sciences in international law suggests that the very logic of policy sciences, under the influence of a defective form of naturalism, disables its potential for inclusive democracy.
{"title":"Emancipatory policy sciences or interpretative revisionism: some thoughts on Douglas Torgerson’s The Policy Sciences of Harold Lasswell","authors":"Hengameh Saberi","doi":"10.1007/s11077-024-09556-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-024-09556-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the Policy Sciences of Harold Lasswell, Douglas Torgerson asks an important question–whether the logic of policy sciences can inspire democratic hope for social betterment. His response is refreshing and psychoanalytically-informed optimism, whereas a jurisprudential detour of the NHS’s legacy as the most important application of policy sciences in another discipline calls for agnosticism. Revisiting the application of policy sciences in international law suggests that the very logic of policy sciences, under the influence of a defective form of naturalism, disables its potential for inclusive democracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51433,"journal":{"name":"Policy Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Machine learning applications for longitudinal electronic health records often forecast the risk of events at fixed time points, whereas survival analysis achieves dynamic risk prediction by estimating time-to-event distributions. Here, we propose a novel conditional variational autoencoder-based method, DySurv, which uses a combination of static and longitudinal measurements from electronic health records to estimate the individual risk of death dynamically.
Materials and methods: DySurv directly estimates the cumulative risk incidence function without making any parametric assumptions on the underlying stochastic process of the time-to-event. We evaluate DySurv on 6 time-to-event benchmark datasets in healthcare, as well as 2 real-world intensive care unit (ICU) electronic health records (EHR) datasets extracted from the eICU Collaborative Research (eICU) and the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database (MIMIC-IV).
Results: DySurv outperforms other existing statistical and deep learning approaches to time-to-event analysis across concordance and other metrics. It achieves time-dependent concordance of over 60% in the eICU case. It is also over 12% more accurate and 22% more sensitive than in-use ICU scores like Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores. The predictive capacity of DySurv is consistent and the survival estimates remain disentangled across different datasets.
Discussion: Our interdisciplinary framework successfully incorporates deep learning, survival analysis, and intensive care to create a novel method for time-to-event prediction from longitudinal health records. We test our method on several held-out test sets from a variety of healthcare datasets and compare it to existing in-use clinical risk scoring benchmarks.
Conclusion: While our method leverages non-parametric extensions to deep learning-guided estimations of the survival distribution, further deep learning paradigms could be explored.
{"title":"DySurv: dynamic deep learning model for survival analysis with conditional variational inference.","authors":"Munib Mesinovic, Peter Watkinson, Tingting Zhu","doi":"10.1093/jamia/ocae271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Machine learning applications for longitudinal electronic health records often forecast the risk of events at fixed time points, whereas survival analysis achieves dynamic risk prediction by estimating time-to-event distributions. Here, we propose a novel conditional variational autoencoder-based method, DySurv, which uses a combination of static and longitudinal measurements from electronic health records to estimate the individual risk of death dynamically.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>DySurv directly estimates the cumulative risk incidence function without making any parametric assumptions on the underlying stochastic process of the time-to-event. We evaluate DySurv on 6 time-to-event benchmark datasets in healthcare, as well as 2 real-world intensive care unit (ICU) electronic health records (EHR) datasets extracted from the eICU Collaborative Research (eICU) and the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database (MIMIC-IV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DySurv outperforms other existing statistical and deep learning approaches to time-to-event analysis across concordance and other metrics. It achieves time-dependent concordance of over 60% in the eICU case. It is also over 12% more accurate and 22% more sensitive than in-use ICU scores like Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores. The predictive capacity of DySurv is consistent and the survival estimates remain disentangled across different datasets.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our interdisciplinary framework successfully incorporates deep learning, survival analysis, and intensive care to create a novel method for time-to-event prediction from longitudinal health records. We test our method on several held-out test sets from a variety of healthcare datasets and compare it to existing in-use clinical risk scoring benchmarks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While our method leverages non-parametric extensions to deep learning-guided estimations of the survival distribution, further deep learning paradigms could be explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":50016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.11.006
Dorian-Laurențiu Florea , María Elena Raquel Nieto-Saucedo
Although B2B marketing scholars have long emphasized the importance of customer education (CEd), there is still limited understanding of how knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) firms can effectively develop advanced CEd programs. We propose that studying the tensions that arise in CEd can provide an insightful angle to understand this issue. In a longitudinal multiple case study, we uncover ten intra-organizational tensions, seven inter-organizational tensions in CEd, and the successful responses to these tensions, aligned to the tenets of either paradox theory or dialectical theory. Our findings indicate the instances that require the confrontational approach suggested by dialectical theory, while also highlighting the inherently paradoxical tensions in CEd that necessitate thoughtful management. Based on these tensions, we developed a tension-based CEd maturity model explaining the differences in sophistication and effectiveness between CEd programs. This model provides insights into the challenges of building mature CEd programs and can constitute a useful tool for the categorization of KIBS firms based on their CEd proficiency. We offer fine-grained recommendations to the managers of KIBS firms found at each stage in the maturity model.
{"title":"A tension-based maturity model for customer education in knowledge-intensive business service firms","authors":"Dorian-Laurențiu Florea , María Elena Raquel Nieto-Saucedo","doi":"10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although B2B marketing scholars have long emphasized the importance of customer education (CEd), there is still limited understanding of how knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) firms can effectively develop advanced CEd programs. We propose that studying the tensions that arise in CEd can provide an insightful angle to understand this issue. In a longitudinal multiple case study, we uncover ten intra-organizational tensions, seven inter-organizational tensions in CEd, and the successful responses to these tensions, aligned to the tenets of either paradox theory or dialectical theory. Our findings indicate the instances that require the confrontational approach suggested by dialectical theory, while also highlighting the inherently paradoxical tensions in CEd that necessitate thoughtful management. Based on these tensions, we developed a tension-based CEd maturity model explaining the differences in sophistication and effectiveness between CEd programs. This model provides insights into the challenges of building mature CEd programs and can constitute a useful tool for the categorization of KIBS firms based on their CEd proficiency. We offer fine-grained recommendations to the managers of KIBS firms found at each stage in the maturity model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51345,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Marketing Management","volume":"124 ","pages":"Pages 1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As Indigenous tourism gains momentum worldwide, tourists are increasingly seeking authentic Indigenous experiences. Authenticity in Indigenous tourism stems from Indigenous people's unique worldview of the connection between humans and nature. However, little is known about what prompts Indigenous peoples to develop authentic and meaningful tourism experiences. This conceptual study explores the role played by the autonomous motivation of Indigenous tourism business owners in the creation, negotiation, and delivery of authentic experiences. Informed by self-determination theory, this paper discusses a continuum of motivation within an Indigenous tourism context and shows how various forms of motivation contribute to the creation of authentic tourism experiences. Place relatedness is identified as a pivotal determinant in Indigenous people's autonomous motivation to engage in tourism activities.
{"title":"Creating authentic indigenous tourism experiences","authors":"Roshis Krishna Shrestha , J.N. Patrick L'Espoir Decosta , Michelle Whitford","doi":"10.1016/j.annals.2024.103882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annals.2024.103882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As Indigenous tourism gains momentum worldwide, tourists are increasingly seeking authentic Indigenous experiences. Authenticity in Indigenous tourism stems from Indigenous people's unique worldview of the connection between humans and nature. However, little is known about what prompts Indigenous peoples to develop authentic and meaningful tourism experiences. This conceptual study explores the role played by the autonomous motivation of Indigenous tourism business owners in the creation, negotiation, and delivery of authentic experiences. Informed by self-determination theory, this paper discusses a continuum of motivation within an Indigenous tourism context and shows how various forms of motivation contribute to the creation of authentic tourism experiences. Place relatedness is identified as a pivotal determinant in Indigenous people's autonomous motivation to engage in tourism activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48452,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tourism Research","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103882"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bartosz Bursa, Gottfried Tappeiner, Sebastian Vicoli, Felix Mölk, Markus Mailer
Mobility accounts for the largest share of CO2 emissions generated by tourism industry. The extent of CO2 resulting from tourists' long-distance travel depends strongly on the transport mode used. To reduce these emissions, destinations should engage in promoting a shift from flying and driving to traveling on rail. This study hypothesizes that the entire mobility chain, that is, long-distance travel and mobility at destination, represents an interconnected bundle of services. Using data from a Discrete Choice Experiment conducted with visitors to a tourist destination in Austrian Alps, we estimated the effects of attributes of long-distance travel by personal vehicle and rail (travel time, travel costs, number of transfers) and effects of attributes of local mobility services offered at the destination (transit frequency, carsharing, mobility hub). The outcomes indicate that local mobility services are highly relevant for transport mode choice of tourists and can increase the market share of rail significantly.
{"title":"Drive Them to Rail—How Can Tourist Destinations Increase the Market Share of Rail Travel? A Discrete Choice Experiment","authors":"Bartosz Bursa, Gottfried Tappeiner, Sebastian Vicoli, Felix Mölk, Markus Mailer","doi":"10.1002/jtr.2799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2799","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mobility accounts for the largest share of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions generated by tourism industry. The extent of CO<sub>2</sub> resulting from tourists' long-distance travel depends strongly on the transport mode used. To reduce these emissions, destinations should engage in promoting a shift from flying and driving to traveling on rail. This study hypothesizes that the entire mobility chain, that is, long-distance travel and mobility at destination, represents an interconnected bundle of services. Using data from a Discrete Choice Experiment conducted with visitors to a tourist destination in Austrian Alps, we estimated the effects of attributes of long-distance travel by personal vehicle and rail (travel time, travel costs, number of transfers) and effects of attributes of local mobility services offered at the destination (transit frequency, carsharing, mobility hub). The outcomes indicate that local mobility services are highly relevant for transport mode choice of tourists and can increase the market share of rail significantly.</p>","PeriodicalId":51375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jtr.2799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark T. Bolinger, Katrina M. Brownell, Jeffrey G. Covin
Research SummaryAcross three studies (N = 300, 141, 188), we apply impression management theory to examine if and how entrepreneurs can strategically disclose risk while facilitating beneficial audience perceptions. In the crowdfunding context, we show that intentionally packaging positive information with risk disclosures—a strategy we describe as “compensation”—enhances financing outcomes. Furthermore, we conducted two follow‐up randomized experiments (N = 141, 188) to test intervening mechanisms (i.e., perceived authenticity, project quality) and boundary conditions (i.e., information specificity, gender) of the relationship between compensation and crowdfunding performance. Our research has implications for the strategic disclosure of risk, extends our understanding of contextual factors that influence the effectiveness of impression management tactics, and provides guidance for entrepreneurs engaged in crowdfunding efforts.Managerial SummaryShould early‐stage entrepreneurs disclose risk to potential investors? In our study, we examine the effects of making the choice to disclose risks associated with a new venture. While risk disclosure may harm financing efforts, we reveal that using a tactic we call “compensation”—in which risk disclosures are packaged with information meant to mitigate the risk—enhances financing efforts for early‐stage entrepreneurs by cultivating perceptions of authenticity. Furthermore, we found that the benefit of this tactic appears to be even greater for female entrepreneurs than male entrepreneurs. Overall, our research shows that entrepreneurs should disclose risk, but should take care to do so in a specific manner.
{"title":"Keeping it real: How entrepreneurs effectively disclose risk","authors":"Mark T. Bolinger, Katrina M. Brownell, Jeffrey G. Covin","doi":"10.1002/sej.1525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1525","url":null,"abstract":"Research SummaryAcross three studies (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 300, 141, 188), we apply impression management theory to examine if and how entrepreneurs can strategically disclose risk while facilitating beneficial audience perceptions. In the crowdfunding context, we show that intentionally packaging positive information with risk disclosures—a strategy we describe as “compensation”—enhances financing outcomes. Furthermore, we conducted two follow‐up randomized experiments (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 141, 188) to test intervening mechanisms (i.e., perceived authenticity, project quality) and boundary conditions (i.e., information specificity, gender) of the relationship between compensation and crowdfunding performance. Our research has implications for the strategic disclosure of risk, extends our understanding of contextual factors that influence the effectiveness of impression management tactics, and provides guidance for entrepreneurs engaged in crowdfunding efforts.Managerial SummaryShould early‐stage entrepreneurs disclose risk to potential investors? In our study, we examine the effects of making the choice to disclose risks associated with a new venture. While risk disclosure may harm financing efforts, we reveal that using a tactic we call “compensation”—in which risk disclosures are packaged with information meant to mitigate the risk—enhances financing efforts for early‐stage entrepreneurs by cultivating perceptions of authenticity. Furthermore, we found that the benefit of this tactic appears to be even greater for female entrepreneurs than male entrepreneurs. Overall, our research shows that entrepreneurs should disclose risk, but should take care to do so in a specific manner.","PeriodicalId":51417,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elected chief executives in the United States—that is, governors and presidents—routinely attempt to achieve their domestic policy goals by influencing the decision-making of public agencies. I provide empirical assessments of the two most frequently theorized elected executive influence tactics: political appointments and the centralization of agency decision-making. Using an expansive survey of the leaders in over 1800 state agencies, observational and experimental evidence are used to evaluate the effectiveness of these tactics. I find that state agency leaders believe that the appointment of officials to key agency posts allows the governor to better achieve his or her policy objectives than centralizing decision-making, and Republican governors are seen as more successful in using these tactics than Democratic ones. Overall, the results provide a real-world sense of how one government institution—the elected chief executive—tries to steer the policymaking of public managers and the government agencies that they lead.
{"title":"Executive policymaking influence via the administrative apparatus","authors":"Susan Webb Yackee","doi":"10.1111/puar.13899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13899","url":null,"abstract":"Elected chief executives in the United States—that is, governors and presidents—routinely attempt to achieve their domestic policy goals by influencing the decision-making of public agencies. I provide empirical assessments of the two most frequently theorized elected executive influence tactics: political appointments and the centralization of agency decision-making. Using an expansive survey of the leaders in over 1800 state agencies, observational and experimental evidence are used to evaluate the effectiveness of these tactics. I find that state agency leaders believe that the appointment of officials to key agency posts allows the governor to better achieve his or her policy objectives than centralizing decision-making, and Republican governors are seen as more successful in using these tactics than Democratic ones. Overall, the results provide a real-world sense of how one government institution—the elected chief executive—tries to steer the policymaking of public managers and the government agencies that they lead.","PeriodicalId":48431,"journal":{"name":"Public Administration Review","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How can understanding the practice of government ministers help us to understand changes in public administration over time? Interviews with former UK ministers suggest that their practice has changed over the last 25 years. Their executive role has been accentuated as they have come to emphasize the importance of delivery and implementation to policy making. Reasons for that are examined, and consideration is given to how that shift in emphasis affects the ministers–civil servant relationship.
{"title":"The evolving practice of UK Government ministers","authors":"Leighton Andrews, Sarah Gilmore","doi":"10.1111/puar.13902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13902","url":null,"abstract":"How can understanding the <jats:italic>practice</jats:italic> of government ministers help us to understand changes in public administration over time? Interviews with former UK ministers suggest that their practice has changed over the last 25 years. Their executive role has been accentuated as they have come to emphasize the importance of delivery and implementation to policy making. Reasons for that are examined, and consideration is given to how that shift in emphasis affects the ministers–civil servant relationship.","PeriodicalId":48431,"journal":{"name":"Public Administration Review","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1108/jkm-05-2024-0563
Sonika Jha, Sriparna Basu
<h3>Purpose</h3> <p>This study aims to examine the combinations of internal and external knowledge flows between research and development (R&D) incumbents and start-ups in the context of open innovation. While there is a growing body of knowledge that has examined how, in a knowledge economy, a firm’s knowledge and innovation activities are closely linked, there is no systematic review available of the key antecedents, perspectives, phenomenon and outcomes of knowledge spillovers.</p><!--/ Abstract__block --> <h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3> <p>The authors have conducted dual-stage research. First, the authors conducted a systematic review of literature (97 research articles) by following the theories–contexts–methods framework and the antecedent-phenomenon-outcomes logic. The authors identified the key theories, contexts, methods, antecedents, phenomenon and outcomes of knowledge spillovers between R&D-driven incumbents and start-ups in the open innovation context. In the second stage, the findings of stage one were leveraged to advance a nomological network that depicts the strength of the relationship between the observable constructs that emerged from the review.</p><!--/ Abstract__block --> <h3>Findings</h3> <p>The findings demonstrate how knowledge spillovers can help incumbent organisations and start-ups to achieve improved innovation capabilities, R&D capacity, competitive advantage and the creation of knowledge ecosystems leading to improved firm performance. This study has important implications for practitioners and managers – it provides managers with important antecedents of knowledge spillover (knowledge capacities and knowledge types), which directly impact the R&D intensity and digitalisation driving open innovation. The emerging network showed that the antecedents of knowledge spillovers have a direct relationship with the creation of a knowledge ecosystem orchestrated by incumbents and that there is a very strong influence of knowledge capacities and knowledge types on the selection of external knowledge partners/sources.</p><!--/ Abstract__block --> <h3>Practical implications</h3> <p>This study has important implications for practitioners and managers. In particular, it provides managers with important antecedents of knowledge spillover (knowledge capacities and knowledge types), which directly impact the R&D intensity and digitalisation driving open innovation. This will enable managers to take important decisions about what knowledge capacities are required to achieve innovation outcomes. The findings suggest that managers of incumbent firms should be cautious when deciding to invest in knowledge sourcing from external partners. This choice may be driven by the absorptive capacity of the incumbent firm, market competition, protection of intellectual property and public policy supporting innovation and entrepreneurship.</p><!--/ Abstract__block --> <h3>Originality/value</h3> <p>Identification of the key
{"title":"Knowledge spillovers between R&D-driven incumbents and start-ups in open innovation: a systematic review and nomological network","authors":"Sonika Jha, Sriparna Basu","doi":"10.1108/jkm-05-2024-0563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-05-2024-0563","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study aims to examine the combinations of internal and external knowledge flows between research and development (R&D) incumbents and start-ups in the context of open innovation. While there is a growing body of knowledge that has examined how, in a knowledge economy, a firm’s knowledge and innovation activities are closely linked, there is no systematic review available of the key antecedents, perspectives, phenomenon and outcomes of knowledge spillovers.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>The authors have conducted dual-stage research. First, the authors conducted a systematic review of literature (97 research articles) by following the theories–contexts–methods framework and the antecedent-phenomenon-outcomes logic. The authors identified the key theories, contexts, methods, antecedents, phenomenon and outcomes of knowledge spillovers between R&D-driven incumbents and start-ups in the open innovation context. In the second stage, the findings of stage one were leveraged to advance a nomological network that depicts the strength of the relationship between the observable constructs that emerged from the review.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The findings demonstrate how knowledge spillovers can help incumbent organisations and start-ups to achieve improved innovation capabilities, R&D capacity, competitive advantage and the creation of knowledge ecosystems leading to improved firm performance. This study has important implications for practitioners and managers – it provides managers with important antecedents of knowledge spillover (knowledge capacities and knowledge types), which directly impact the R&D intensity and digitalisation driving open innovation. The emerging network showed that the antecedents of knowledge spillovers have a direct relationship with the creation of a knowledge ecosystem orchestrated by incumbents and that there is a very strong influence of knowledge capacities and knowledge types on the selection of external knowledge partners/sources.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>This study has important implications for practitioners and managers. In particular, it provides managers with important antecedents of knowledge spillover (knowledge capacities and knowledge types), which directly impact the R&D intensity and digitalisation driving open innovation. This will enable managers to take important decisions about what knowledge capacities are required to achieve innovation outcomes. The findings suggest that managers of incumbent firms should be cautious when deciding to invest in knowledge sourcing from external partners. This choice may be driven by the absorptive capacity of the incumbent firm, market competition, protection of intellectual property and public policy supporting innovation and entrepreneurship.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Identification of the key","PeriodicalId":48368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Knowledge Management","volume":"251 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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