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Fall into Occidentalism: Cioran against the Maoïstes and the Alt-Right 陷入西方主义:反对Maoïstes和另类右翼
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1515/9783110641998-020
R. Cowan
: The pessimist Schopenhauer is well known as an Indophile; his own philosophy combines Plato, Kant, and the Upanishads . But later pessimists, such as E. M. Cioran in works such as La Chute dans le temps [Fall into Time] (1964), are profoundly critical of the European fascination with Asian philosophy and its influence on the lineage of European ontological and ethical thought. The Maoïstes of the 1960s held that European Orientalism had only served to reinforce the worst aspects of the materialist secularism of the legacy of the Enlightenment. Cioran felt the same, and yet he advocates ideas that fall in line with basic tenets of Asian religions, and saw the youthful passion of 1960s Paris negatively. But in the twenty-first century, as increasing numbers of Western youths are joining groups that wish to do harm to the US and Europe in opposition to their ideologies, one wonders what lessons we might glean from the Occidentalism of Cioran as we at-tempt to combat the perpetuation of such reified binaries ourselves.
悲观主义者叔本华是众所周知的“亲印度主义者”;他自己的哲学结合了柏拉图、康德和奥义书。但后来的悲观主义者,如e.m.乔兰在《落入时间》(1964)等作品中,深刻批判了欧洲人对亚洲哲学的迷恋及其对欧洲本体论和伦理思想谱系的影响。20世纪60年代的Maoïstes认为,欧洲东方学只是强化了启蒙运动遗留下来的唯物主义世俗主义最糟糕的一面。乔兰也有同样的感受,但他所倡导的思想与亚洲宗教的基本信条是一致的,他对20世纪60年代巴黎年轻人的热情持消极态度。但在21世纪,随着越来越多的西方年轻人加入那些希望伤害美国和欧洲的组织,反对他们的意识形态,人们想知道,当我们自己试图与这种具体化的二元对立的永久化作斗争时,我们可以从乔兰的西方主义中吸取什么教训。
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引用次数: 1
The Ethnic Labelling of a Genre Gone Global: A Distant Comparison of African-American and African Chick Lit 一种走向全球的文学体裁的种族标签:非裔美国人和非洲少女文学的遥远比较
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1515/9783110641998-026
Chi-Kai Lit
: Originally defined as an Anglo-American phenomenon, starting with Helen Fielding ’ s best-selling novel Bridget Jones ’ s Diary (1996), chick lit has spread rapidly across various linguistic and cultural markets. There is a broad consensus that this is a transfer from the centre to the periphery, from the original genre to numerous adapted subgenres and variations. For the latter, the problematic term “‘ ethnic ’ chick lit, ” which in the broadest sense includes all chick lit by authors with non-Western sociocultural backgrounds, has become established. The implicit (re-vision, recovery) and explicit (circulation, collage) comparative strategies introduced by Susan Stanford Friedman serve as a methodological framework for analysing such practices of ethnic labelling. These strategies are applied not through a close reading of primary literature but through a distant reading, or rather comparison, of the Anglo-American chick-lit label with two of its so-called “ ethnic ” subgenres or variations: African-American and African chick lit. A re-visioning of Anglo-American chick lit through a recovery of African-American chick lit, as well as a focus on the label ’ s circulation in Africa, resulting in a collage of African chick lit, demonstrates that the label ’ s dissemination was not as linear as has been suggested by the dominant discourse of chick lit gone global.
当前位置小鸡文学最初被定义为一种英美现象,从海伦·菲尔丁的畅销小说《bj单身日记》(1996)开始,小鸡文学迅速传播到各种语言和文化市场。有一个广泛的共识是,这是从中心到边缘的转移,从原始类型到许多改编的子类型和变体。对于后者来说,“民族”小鸡文学这个有问题的术语已经确立,这个术语在最广泛的意义上包括所有非西方社会文化背景的作家的小鸡文学。苏珊·斯坦福·弗里德曼(Susan Stanford Friedman)提出的隐性(重新审视、恢复)和显性(流通、拼贴)比较策略,作为分析此类种族标签做法的方法论框架。这些策略的应用不是通过对原始文学的仔细阅读,而是通过对英美小鸡文学标签的远距离阅读,或者更确切地说,是对其两种所谓的“种族”子类型或变体的比较:非裔美国人与非洲小鸡文学。通过对非裔美国小鸡文学的复兴对英美小鸡文学的重新审视,以及对标签在非洲的流通的关注,导致了非洲小鸡文学的拼贴,表明标签的传播并不像小鸡文学走向全球的主导话语所暗示的那样是线性的。
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引用次数: 0
The Poetic Utilization of Dialectal Varieties of the Afrikaans Language for Strategic Purposes in the Southern African Context 南非荷兰语方言变体在战略目的上的诗歌运用
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1515/9783110641998-037
B. Odendaal
Afrikaans is a southern African language named after the continent on which it has evolved from seventeenth-century Dutch in a complex contact situation between European settlers, their imported slaves, and indigenous peoples. It was standardized in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries for literary purposes, among others. The poetic utilization of dialectal or colloquial varieties of Afrikaans, however, has been an important trend in its literary history, especially since the advent of the so-called Movement of the 1960s. The relevant varieties include geolects like Karoo Afrikaans, but also sociolects like “Loslitafrikaans” (informal Afrikaans, characterized by being mixed with English), Cape Afrikaans, and Griqua Afrikaans. As a stylistic device, the use of dialectal Afrikaans has served both literary-strategic purposes (literary renewal) and socio-political aims (as actuality literature or socio-politically engaged poetry). As a whole, it transpires that the pressing socio-political and broader cultural conditions that have dictated past developments, or are driving present ones, in South and southern Africa (resistance to nineteenth-century efforts at anglicizing southern Africa, the advent and decline of Apartheid, the increasingly hegemonic position of English in the post-Apartheid dispensation) loom large behind the relative importance of this trend in Afrikaans poetry.
南非荷兰语是一种南部非洲语言,以非洲大陆命名,它是在17世纪欧洲殖民者、他们进口的奴隶和土著人民之间复杂的接触情况下从荷兰语演变而来的。在19世纪末和20世纪初,为了文学目的,它被标准化了。然而,对南非荷兰语方言或口语化变体的诗歌运用,在其文学史上一直是一个重要的趋势,特别是自所谓的20世纪60年代运动出现以来。相关的种类包括地理语言,如卡鲁南非荷兰语,但也有社会语言,如“Loslitafrikaans”(非正式的南非荷兰语,以与英语混合为特征),开普敦南非荷兰语和Griqua南非荷兰语。作为一种文体手段,南非荷兰语方言的使用既服务于文学战略目的(文学复兴),也服务于社会政治目的(作为现实文学或社会政治参与的诗歌)。总的来说,在南非和南部非洲,紧迫的社会政治和更广泛的文化条件决定了过去的发展,或者正在推动现在的发展(对19世纪南部非洲英语化努力的抵制,种族隔离的出现和衰落,英语在后种族隔离时期的日益霸权地位),在南非荷兰语诗歌中这一趋势的相对重要性背后显得尤为突出。
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引用次数: 1
Österreichische Periodika in französischer Sprache als Medien des Literaturtransfers (1750–1850) 克里普顿语
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1515/9783110641998-028
J. Werner
Der Beitrag präsentiert am Beispiel von vier in Wien erschienenen frankophonen Periodika, auf welche Weise, in welchem Umfang und mit welchem Ziel französische Literatur zwischen 1750 und 1850 nach Österreich vermittelt wurde. Nicht weniger als 97 – oft kurzlebige – Zeitschriften liefern vor allem dem mittleren bis höheren Bürgertum, bei dem es sich in dem behandelten Zeitraum um noch kein allzu umfangreiches Publikum handelt, Informationen über die Kultur der République des Lettres. Anhand der Inhalte des Journal de Vienne, dédié aux amateurs de la litterature (1784–85) aus der josephinischen Ära, der Anthologie littéraire et universelle (1805–06) aus der Phase der napoleonischen Kriege, des Spectateur. Journal historique, littéraire, moral, politique et dramatique (1819) aus der Zeit des Kaisertums unter Franz I. und des Journal de la littérature étrangère (1841) aus der Epoche des Vormärz werden Gestalt und Bedeutung von Periodika für den französisch-österreichischen Kulturaustausch in einer von historischen Diskontinuitäten geprägten Epoche stichprobenartig beleuchtet.
如果克里普顿语是由维也纳人提出的,那么,1750年至1850年间法国文学如果通过这种方式、次数和目的来到奥地利,本文就揭示了克里普顿人的生活。不低于97%——往往短暂——杂志提供最主要的中等至高的儿子,她说这在审议期间,还没有太广博观众还是Ré文化信息的publique Lettres .根据内容的《de Vienne, dé招娣é茂密amateurs de la litterature——1784-85 josephinischen时代的诗集收集了不足éraire与普遍(1805-06)从拿破仑战争期间部分Spectateur .日报historique,éraire猛进,道德politique dramatique(1819年)时期,苏饱受弗兰茨一世及Journal de laératureé惊讶眼è(1841)意义的《Vormärz时代的Periodika französisch-österreichischen文化交流的历史断层中时代stichprobenartig照亮.
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引用次数: 0
Translating Swift: Censorship and Self-Censorship during Fascism 翻译斯威夫特:法西斯主义时期的审查和自我审查
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1515/9783110641998-003
Fascism
: This article studies censorship and self-censorship during the Fascist regime in Italy and the fine boundary between the two. It focuses, in particular, on the accuracy and adequacy of translations of Gulliver ’ s Travels in Fascist Italy, and analyses how responses to the Fascist “ revision ” system changed depending on law, patronage, and the material circumstances in which the translators worked. By examining the translations published during the regime, we can iden-tify different translation strategies that can be interpreted respectively as acts of submission to or resistance against the dominant way of thinking. In particular, I will analyse the first two translations of the full text of Gulliver ’ s Travels by Jonathan Swift, which, interestingly, were issued during the Fascist regime (in 1933 and 1934 respectively). In fact, I believe that a lack of critical analysis, stemming from the fact that Swift was a foreigner and the work was a classic “ universally recognized as such ” (as we read in a circular from the Minister of Popular Culture, Dino Alfieri, to the prefects), 1 left the way open for translations in first unabridged versions. seldom continues above Three Genera-tions, unless the Wife takes care to provide a healthy Father among her Neighbours, or Ac-quaintance, in order to improve and continue the Breed. That a weak diseased Body, a mea-ger Countenance, and sallow Complexion, are no uncommon Marks of a Great Man ; and a healthy robust Appearance is so far disgraceful in a Man of Quality, that the World is apt to conclude his real Father to have been one of the Inferiors of the Family, especially when it is seen that the Imperfections of his Mind run parallel with those of his Body and are little else than a Composition of Spleen, Dulness, Ignorance, Caprice, Sensuality, and Pride. Without the Consent of this illustrious Body, no Law can be enacted, repealed, or altered: And these Nobles have likewise the Decision of all our Possessions without Appeal. (Swift 2012, 385 – 387; italics in original)
本文研究了意大利法西斯政权时期的审查制度和自我审查制度,以及两者之间的微妙界限。它特别关注格列佛的《意大利法西斯游记》翻译的准确性和充分性,并分析对法西斯“修订”制度的反应如何根据法律、赞助和译者工作的物质环境而变化。通过考察在这一时期出版的翻译作品,我们可以发现不同的翻译策略,这些翻译策略可以分别解释为服从或反抗主流思维方式的行为。特别是,我将分析乔纳森·斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》全文的前两个译本,有趣的是,这两个译本是在法西斯政权时期(分别于1933年和1934年)出版的。事实上,我认为,由于斯威夫特是一个外国人,而这部作品是一部“被普遍认可的”经典作品(正如我们在流行文化部长迪诺·阿尔菲里(Dino Alfieri)给级长们的通知中所读到的那样),缺乏批判性分析,我给最初的未删节版本的翻译留下了空间。除非妻子设法在邻居或熟人中提供一个健康的父亲,以便改进和延续这个品种,否则很少延续到三代以上。体弱多病,面容憔悴,面色蜡黄,这些都是伟人的标志;而对于一个有品质的人来说,健康健壮的外表是非常不光彩的,以至于世人往往会认为他真正的父亲是家里的次等人物之一,尤其是当人们看到他的精神缺陷与身体缺陷同时存在时,他只不过是由脾气暴躁、迟钝、无知、反复无常、淫荡和傲慢组成的。没有这个显赫的机构的同意,任何法律都不能颁布、废除或修改。同样,这些贵族对我们所有的财产也有决定权,不得上诉。(Swift 2012, 385 - 387;斜体原文)
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引用次数: 0
Langues et conscience européenne : Joseph Roth et Patrick Modiano 语言与良心:约瑟夫·罗斯和帕特里克·莫迪亚诺
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1515/9783110641998-018
P. Andrade, Joseph D. Roth, P. Modiano
Résumé: Ce texte étudie le rapport entre la réflexion sur les langues et la notion de cosmopolitisme européen dans l ’ œ uvre de Joseph Roth et celle de Patrick Modiano. Après avoir souligné les points communs de départ des deux écrivains, on exa-mine la réflexion sur les langues chez ces auteurs, qui inclut des aspects comme les liens entre empire et koinè, entre langue, déracinement et errance, ou entre langue et mensonge/opacité. Enfin, le texte suggère le prolongement de cette réflexion vers la notion de cosmopolitisme européen, telle qu ’ elle a été formulée ré-cemment par Ulrich Beck, Jacques Derrida ou Daniele Archibugi, entre autres. polyglossie,
摘要:本文探讨与反思欧洲语言和世界主义的概念,在l '执行(Joseph Roth)和帕特里克•莫迪亚的。强调共性出发后的两位作家,这些作家身上人们exa-mine思考语言之间的联系等方面,其中包括帝国和koinè之间,和国内流离失所,背井离乡,语言或语言与谎言/混浊。最后,本文建议将这种反思扩展到欧洲世界主义的概念,正如乌尔里希·贝克(Ulrich Beck)、雅克·德里达(Jacques Derrida)和丹尼尔·阿基布吉(Daniele Archibugi)等人最近提出的那样。polyglossie,
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引用次数: 0
Jane & Theo: Affinities Stylistic and Temperamental in Jane Austen and Theodor Fontane 简与西奥:简·奥斯丁与西奥多·方檀在风格与气质上的相似性
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1515/9783110641998-015
: Inhabiting different historical periods, and separated by linguistic, cultural, and literary traditions, Jane Austen and Theodor Fontane seem unlikely candidates for fruitful comparative treatment. The predominance in Germany of the Bildungsroman emphasizes the inner development of the individual; it is Fontane who moves the German novel into the European mainstream by representing characters engaged in life, rather than in meditation or art. If Austen ’ s interests lie in social customs embodied in the novel of manners, Fontane later initiates a teu-tophone version of the genre, with the work of Thackeray at mid-century being, this article proposes, a crucial go-between. From a common attraction to the topics of courtship and marriage, of decep-tive appearances, of small-scale events in realistically observed contemporary settings where women prevail over men, similar authorial attitudes are evident. Austen and Fontane exploit various forms of irony to mock excesses of sentiment and feeling, illustrated in the play of dialogue and the artifice of conversation. With literary styles exhibiting lucidity, balance, and order, each writer projects common sense, reserve, and moderation, issuing from a core outlook of restraint. This prevents their critiques from becoming polemic, and their irony from darken-ing into caricature, and ultimately assures Austen and Fontane of the high regard in which they are held as novelists.
生活在不同的历史时期,被语言、文化和文学传统所分离,简·奥斯汀和西奥多·方檀似乎不太可能成为富有成效的比较研究的候选人。德国成长小说的优势在于强调个体的内在发展;正是方亭将德国小说推向了欧洲主流,他描写的是生活中的人物,而不是沉思或艺术。如果说奥斯丁的兴趣在于礼仪小说中体现的社会习俗,那么方亭后来开创了这一类型的一个电话版本,本文认为,萨克雷在本世纪中叶的作品是一个至关重要的中介。从共同的吸引力到求爱和婚姻的主题,欺骗性的外表,在现实观察到的当代背景下的小规模事件,女性胜过男性,相似的作者态度是显而易见的。奥斯丁和方亭利用各种形式的讽刺来嘲笑过度的情感和感情,在对话的戏剧和谈话的技巧中得到说明。由于文学风格表现出清晰、平衡和秩序,每个作家都表现出常识、保留和节制,从克制的核心观点出发。这防止了他们的批评变成论战,防止了他们的讽刺变成讽刺,并最终保证了奥斯汀和方檀作为小说家的崇高地位。
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引用次数: 0
Migration, mémoire et multiculturalisme en Méditerranée : les écrivaines de la diaspora libanaise 地中海的移民、记忆和多元文化主义:黎巴嫩侨民作家
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1515/9783110641998-025
Vassiliki Lalagianni
Résumé: L ’ œ uvre des écrivaines de la diaspora libanaise Etel Adnan et Evelyne Accad porte en elle le poids de l ’ histoire collective ; en même temps, elle est mise en relation avec un désir de sortir de la surdétermination du passé et de ses repré-sentations. Avoir passé les frontières d ’ autres cultures, avoir pénétré la toile d ’ une autre langue transforme la vision que l ’ on garde du passé et aboutit à une sorte de « nomadisme cosmopolite ».
摘要:黎巴嫩散居侨民作家Etel Adnan和evelyn Accad的作品承载着集体历史的重量;与此同时,它与一种摆脱过去及其表现形式的过度决定的愿望联系在一起。跨越其他文化的边界,进入另一种语言的网络,改变了人们对过去的看法,导致了一种“世界性游牧主义”。
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引用次数: 0
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Literary Translation, Reception, and Transfer
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