Jing Li, Baoyi Liu, Weishan Chen, Shijng Zhang, Jie Deng, Yingxiang Liu
Miniature piezoelectric robots can perform various tasks in narrow spaces, due to their small sizes and agile motions. However, there is key challenge of reconciling large load capacity with agile motions, which limits the integration of functional units. In this work, a miniature agile quadruped piezoelectric robot (AQPR) inspired by hard‐shell animals is proposed. The prominent feature of AQPR is the rigid ring structure, which can be utilized to achieve large load capacity with its high stiffness; the degeneracy of different vibration modes is used to generate multi‐dimensional trajectories at the foot, which can achieve linear and rotational motions. A prototype with size of 30 × 30 × 14.3 mm3 and weight of 6.9 g is produced. The experimental results show that the maximum linear and rotational speed is 255 mm s−1 and 1265°s−1, respectively. The load capacities reach 200 g (≈30 times self‐weight). By using an impulse signal, the resolutions of linear and rotational motions reach 0.25 µm and 32.7 µrad, respectively. Benefiting from small size, large load capacity, high resolution, agile, and fast speed, AQPR shows great potential for applying micro‐operations in narrow spaces, such as large‐scale wafer transport and detection.
{"title":"An Agile 3 cm‐Scale Quadruped Piezoelectric Robot with a Rigid Ring‐Shaped Structure","authors":"Jing Li, Baoyi Liu, Weishan Chen, Shijng Zhang, Jie Deng, Yingxiang Liu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202422499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202422499","url":null,"abstract":"Miniature piezoelectric robots can perform various tasks in narrow spaces, due to their small sizes and agile motions. However, there is key challenge of reconciling large load capacity with agile motions, which limits the integration of functional units. In this work, a miniature agile quadruped piezoelectric robot (AQPR) inspired by hard‐shell animals is proposed. The prominent feature of AQPR is the rigid ring structure, which can be utilized to achieve large load capacity with its high stiffness; the degeneracy of different vibration modes is used to generate multi‐dimensional trajectories at the foot, which can achieve linear and rotational motions. A prototype with size of 30 × 30 × 14.3 mm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> and weight of 6.9 g is produced. The experimental results show that the maximum linear and rotational speed is 255 mm s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 1265°s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, respectively. The load capacities reach 200 g (≈30 times self‐weight). By using an impulse signal, the resolutions of linear and rotational motions reach 0.25 µm and 32.7 µrad, respectively. Benefiting from small size, large load capacity, high resolution, agile, and fast speed, AQPR shows great potential for applying micro‐operations in narrow spaces, such as large‐scale wafer transport and detection.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a highly aggressive ocular malignancy associated with a poor prognosis and significant resistance to conventional therapies, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which are often limited by their efficacy and adverse side effects. Energy‐conversion‐based nanodynamic therapy, which facilitates the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment. Here, the development of high‐performance multifunctional thermoelectric nanocatalysts, specifically Cu5FeS3.6Se0.4 nanoparticles, optimized for the effective synergistic treatment of UM is reported. These nanoparticles exhibit remarkable photothermal, thermoelectric, and chemodynamic properties that enhance therapeutic efficacy. Under near‐infrared light irradiation, Cu5FeS3.6Se0.4 nanoparticles generate localized hyperthermia, which not only induces direct tumor cell ablation but also produces thermoelectric potentials that facilitate ROS generation. Additionally, the hyperthermia induced by the photothermal effects of these nanoparticles accelerates a Fenton‐like reaction, leading to the formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals for chemodynamic therapy. The resultant ROS induce oxidative stress within tumor cells, promoting mechanisms such as cuproptosis and pyroptosis. The integration of photothermal effects, thermoelectric potentials, and chemodynamic therapy within a single nanoplatform represents an efficient strategy for UM treatment, addressing the shortcomings of traditional therapies and offering a highly effective means of managing this aggressive cancer.
{"title":"Multifunctional Thermoelectric Nanocatalysts for Synergistic Uveal Melanoma Treatment by Specific Cuproptosis and Pyroptosis","authors":"Muyue Yang, Xiaoyan Jiang, Mingyang Song, Wei Feng, Yu Chen, Ping Gu, Xianqun Fan","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202415688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202415688","url":null,"abstract":"Uveal melanoma (UM) is a highly aggressive ocular malignancy associated with a poor prognosis and significant resistance to conventional therapies, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which are often limited by their efficacy and adverse side effects. Energy‐conversion‐based nanodynamic therapy, which facilitates the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment. Here, the development of high‐performance multifunctional thermoelectric nanocatalysts, specifically Cu<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>FeS<jats:sub>3.6</jats:sub>Se<jats:sub>0.4</jats:sub> nanoparticles, optimized for the effective synergistic treatment of UM is reported. These nanoparticles exhibit remarkable photothermal, thermoelectric, and chemodynamic properties that enhance therapeutic efficacy. Under near‐infrared light irradiation, Cu<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>FeS<jats:sub>3.6</jats:sub>Se<jats:sub>0.4</jats:sub> nanoparticles generate localized hyperthermia, which not only induces direct tumor cell ablation but also produces thermoelectric potentials that facilitate ROS generation. Additionally, the hyperthermia induced by the photothermal effects of these nanoparticles accelerates a Fenton‐like reaction, leading to the formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals for chemodynamic therapy. The resultant ROS induce oxidative stress within tumor cells, promoting mechanisms such as cuproptosis and pyroptosis. The integration of photothermal effects, thermoelectric potentials, and chemodynamic therapy within a single nanoplatform represents an efficient strategy for UM treatment, addressing the shortcomings of traditional therapies and offering a highly effective means of managing this aggressive cancer.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flexible sensors are increasingly recognized for their transformative potential in wearable electronic devices, medical monitoring, and human‐computer interaction. Despite the advancements, developing a flexible sensor array with a simple structure and large area preparation for effective signal sensing and monitoring capabilities remains challenging. In this study, a hierarchical rGO‐based flexible triboelectric sensor (HG‐FTS) is scalably prepared by a simple blade‐coating approach, in which the nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheet is hierarchically deposited in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer. The flexible triboelectric sensor performed in single electrode mode not only demonstrates exceptional reliability and consistency but also achieves a maximum voltage of ≈129 V and a power density of ≈0.5 W m−2. These characteristics enable the real‐time monitoring of human physiological signals and joint motion with high fidelity. Furthermore, an intelligent human‐computer interactive control system is developed using the HG‐FTS, featuring a digital array touch screen with a rectangular pattern. The build system can be successfully used for pressure sensing, object shape recognition, and trajectory tracking. This work provides a viable solution to the large area preparation and high‐performance flexible sensor manufacturing and demonstrates the potential application of HG‐FTS in human‐computer interaction, signal monitoring, and intelligent sensing.
{"title":"Hierarchical rGO‐Based Triboelectric Sensors Enable Motion Monitoring and Trajectory Tracking","authors":"Sheng Liu, Weiming Qing, Jiacheng Zhang, Sihua Liao, Qiong Wang, Kexiang Wei, Wenyuan Yan, Linchuan Zhao, Hongxiang Zou","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202419459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202419459","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible sensors are increasingly recognized for their transformative potential in wearable electronic devices, medical monitoring, and human‐computer interaction. Despite the advancements, developing a flexible sensor array with a simple structure and large area preparation for effective signal sensing and monitoring capabilities remains challenging. In this study, a hierarchical rGO‐based flexible triboelectric sensor (HG‐FTS) is scalably prepared by a simple blade‐coating approach, in which the nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheet is hierarchically deposited in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer. The flexible triboelectric sensor performed in single electrode mode not only demonstrates exceptional reliability and consistency but also achieves a maximum voltage of ≈129 V and a power density of ≈0.5 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>. These characteristics enable the real‐time monitoring of human physiological signals and joint motion with high fidelity. Furthermore, an intelligent human‐computer interactive control system is developed using the HG‐FTS, featuring a digital array touch screen with a rectangular pattern. The build system can be successfully used for pressure sensing, object shape recognition, and trajectory tracking. This work provides a viable solution to the large area preparation and high‐performance flexible sensor manufacturing and demonstrates the potential application of HG‐FTS in human‐computer interaction, signal monitoring, and intelligent sensing.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fa Cao, Enliu Hong, Ziqing Li, Sancan Han, Xiaosheng Fang
Ultraviolet band C photodetectors (UVC PDs), which can convert the UVC light (200–280 nm) signals into detectable signals, have received tremendous attention due to their wide applications in bio-medicine, communications, and imaging fields. However, current research primarily focuses on either the conversion of UVC light into electrical signals or its conversion into visible light signals. Here, a flexible dual-detectable UVC PD based on Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheets and CsCu2I3 film is reported, which can simultaneously convert UVC light into visible light and electrical signals, achieving the visual detection for invisible UVC light. The PD exhibits exceptional self-powered UVC light (270 nm; 1.87 mW cm−2) detection abilities with a high responsivity (R) of 16.7 mA W−1, an impressive detectivity of 6.1 × 1011 Jones, a high on/off ratio of 3789, and an ultra-high UVC/UVA (R270/R360) rejection ratio of 2.1 × 105. The dual-detectable PD shows great application potential for safety communication and real-time imaging. This work proposes a new type of flexible PD through material selection and structural design, thereby inspiring novel ideas to enhance the convenience and practicality of UVC photodetection.
{"title":"Real-Time UVC Imaging and High Safety Communication Based on Dual-Detectable Lead-Free Perovskite Heterostructure","authors":"Fa Cao, Enliu Hong, Ziqing Li, Sancan Han, Xiaosheng Fang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202422161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202422161","url":null,"abstract":"Ultraviolet band C photodetectors (UVC PDs), which can convert the UVC light (200–280 nm) signals into detectable signals, have received tremendous attention due to their wide applications in bio-medicine, communications, and imaging fields. However, current research primarily focuses on either the conversion of UVC light into electrical signals or its conversion into visible light signals. Here, a flexible dual-detectable UVC PD based on Ca<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub> nanosheets and CsCu<sub>2</sub>I<sub>3</sub> film is reported, which can simultaneously convert UVC light into visible light and electrical signals, achieving the visual detection for invisible UVC light. The PD exhibits exceptional self-powered UVC light (270 nm; 1.87 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>) detection abilities with a high responsivity (R) of 16.7 mA W<sup>−1</sup>, an impressive detectivity of 6.1 × 10<sup>11</sup> Jones, a high on/off ratio of 3789, and an ultra-high UVC/UVA (R<sub>270</sub>/R<sub>360</sub>) rejection ratio of 2.1 × 10<sup>5</sup>. The dual-detectable PD shows great application potential for safety communication and real-time imaging. This work proposes a new type of flexible PD through material selection and structural design, thereby inspiring novel ideas to enhance the convenience and practicality of UVC photodetection.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Yuan, Tingting Zhao, Junshuai Dai, Longwei Xue, Xudong Zhang, Cong Peng, Pan Wen, Hai Liu, Hong Hu, Longlong Chen, Hanshen Xin, Jun Li, Xifeng Li, Jianhua Zhang
High-density bio-electrolyte-gated synaptic transistors (BEGTs) array are promising for constructing neuromorphic computing architectures. Due to the bulk ion conductivity and the crack sensitivity of the electrolyte film, patterning the electrolyte is an indispensable route to prevent spatial crosstalk and improve the flexibility of the device array. However, the susceptibility of bio-electrolyte to organic solvents poses challenges in developing reliable all-photolithography techniques for fabricating scalable, patterned, and high-density BEGTs array. This study introduces an all-photolithography method that adopts a photo-crosslinker-enabled electrolyte to create a high-density (11846 devices per cm2) multimodal BEGTs array. This array demonstrates essential neuromorphic behaviors without inter-device crosstalk and maintains its flexibility, enduring 200 bending cycles at a 6 mm radius without significant performance degradation. Meanwhile, the BEGTs array exhibits multimodal synaptic behavior, not only successfully mimicking the biological visual memory system for sensing and processing images but also proving highly accurate in classifying handwritten digits, making it suitable for constructing neuromorphic computing systems. This work offers a dependable strategy for the scalable and stable fabrication of BEGTs array, providing valuable insights for advancing artificial neuromorphic systems.
{"title":"High-Density, Crosstalk-Free, Flexible Electrolyte-Gated Synaptic Transistors Array via All-Photolithography for Multimodal Neuromorphic Computing","authors":"Li Yuan, Tingting Zhao, Junshuai Dai, Longwei Xue, Xudong Zhang, Cong Peng, Pan Wen, Hai Liu, Hong Hu, Longlong Chen, Hanshen Xin, Jun Li, Xifeng Li, Jianhua Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202418052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202418052","url":null,"abstract":"High-density bio-electrolyte-gated synaptic transistors (BEGTs) array are promising for constructing neuromorphic computing architectures. Due to the bulk ion conductivity and the crack sensitivity of the electrolyte film, patterning the electrolyte is an indispensable route to prevent spatial crosstalk and improve the flexibility of the device array. However, the susceptibility of bio-electrolyte to organic solvents poses challenges in developing reliable all-photolithography techniques for fabricating scalable, patterned, and high-density BEGTs array. This study introduces an all-photolithography method that adopts a photo-crosslinker-enabled electrolyte to create a high-density (11846 devices per cm<sup>2</sup>) multimodal BEGTs array. This array demonstrates essential neuromorphic behaviors without inter-device crosstalk and maintains its flexibility, enduring 200 bending cycles at a 6 mm radius without significant performance degradation. Meanwhile, the BEGTs array exhibits multimodal synaptic behavior, not only successfully mimicking the biological visual memory system for sensing and processing images but also proving highly accurate in classifying handwritten digits, making it suitable for constructing neuromorphic computing systems. This work offers a dependable strategy for the scalable and stable fabrication of BEGTs array, providing valuable insights for advancing artificial neuromorphic systems.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultralow-concentration ether electrolytes hold great promise for cost-effective sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), while their inferior cycle stability under high voltages remains an awkward challenge. Herein, ultralow-concentration diglyme (G2)-based electrolytes with single sodium salt are found to manifest high-rate capability when employed for high-voltage Na3(VOPO4)2F (NVOPF) cathode, but their specific capacity rapidly depletes to exhaustion during long-term cycling. To address this issue, trace NaBF4 (0.03 m) as electrolyte additive is introduced, which minimally affects ion conductivity of the pristine electrolyte, yet weakens the coordination between Na+ ions and G2 molecules. This allows more PF6− to enter the solvation sheath of Na+ ions, forming a more stable cathode electrolyte interphase and enhancing the cycle performance without sacrificing high-rate performance (up to 20 C). As a result, the trace NaBF4 modulated G2-based electrolyte enables the NVOPF cathode to cycle steadily, with a capacity retention of 94.2% over 1000 cycles at a low rate of 1 C. This work provides valuable insights into the modulation of ultralow-concentration ether electrolytes for use in durable high-voltage SIBs.
{"title":"Trace NaBF4 Modulated Ultralow-Concentration Ether Electrolyte for Durable High-Voltage Sodium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Shuaiqi Li, Xinrui Song, Pengwei Jing, Xiyue Xiao, Yuecong Chen, Qing Sun, Maxiong Huang, Yiping Zhang, Guosheng Li, Pengyu Liu, Shan Xu, Qingyun Dou, Jian Zhu, Xingbin Yan","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202422491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202422491","url":null,"abstract":"Ultralow-concentration ether electrolytes hold great promise for cost-effective sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), while their inferior cycle stability under high voltages remains an awkward challenge. Herein, ultralow-concentration diglyme (G2)-based electrolytes with single sodium salt are found to manifest high-rate capability when employed for high-voltage Na<sub>3</sub>(VOPO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>F (NVOPF) cathode, but their specific capacity rapidly depletes to exhaustion during long-term cycling. To address this issue, trace NaBF<sub>4</sub> (0.03 <span>m</span>) as electrolyte additive is introduced, which minimally affects ion conductivity of the pristine electrolyte, yet weakens the coordination between Na<sup>+</sup> ions and G2 molecules. This allows more PF<sub>6</sub><sup>−</sup> to enter the solvation sheath of Na<sup>+</sup> ions, forming a more stable cathode electrolyte interphase and enhancing the cycle performance without sacrificing high-rate performance (up to 20 C). As a result, the trace NaBF<sub>4</sub> modulated G2-based electrolyte enables the NVOPF cathode to cycle steadily, with a capacity retention of 94.2% over 1000 cycles at a low rate of 1 C. This work provides valuable insights into the modulation of ultralow-concentration ether electrolytes for use in durable high-voltage SIBs.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-performance, large-size artificial muscles are in great demand in the field of robotics. This work reports a comprehensive approach for fabricating, actuating, sensing, and controlling a 180 mm-long fibrous dielectric elastomer (DE) artificial muscle. The fabrication process introduces a novel method for patterning large-area, uniform electrodes using vacuum filtration followed by mask-free stamping on DE substrates. To address the challenge of long charging times that impair dynamic performance, an amplitude modulation algorithm is developed for high-frequency actuation, which increased generated strain by 64% at a resonant frequency of 10 Hz. Additionally, the hollow space within the rolled artificial muscle is used to integrate a waveguide that serves as a strain sensor. This combined actuation-sensing structure maintains flexibility and actuation capabilities while enabling self-sensing and feedback control. The versatility of the DE artificial muscle is further demonstrated by segmenting a single long muscle into three shorter units and employing these units to construct two multi-actuator machines: a tensegrity-based gimbal and a rotary engine. This work advances the large-scale production and application of DE artificial muscles.
{"title":"Long, Fibrous, and Tailorable Dielectric Elastomer Artificial Muscles via Mask-Free Stamping of Carbon Nanotube Electrodes","authors":"Qi Shao, Liang Zhou, Jingyi Zhou, Xin-Jun Liu, Huichan Zhao","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202422905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202422905","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance, large-size artificial muscles are in great demand in the field of robotics. This work reports a comprehensive approach for fabricating, actuating, sensing, and controlling a 180 mm-long fibrous dielectric elastomer (DE) artificial muscle. The fabrication process introduces a novel method for patterning large-area, uniform electrodes using vacuum filtration followed by mask-free stamping on DE substrates. To address the challenge of long charging times that impair dynamic performance, an amplitude modulation algorithm is developed for high-frequency actuation, which increased generated strain by 64% at a resonant frequency of 10 Hz. Additionally, the hollow space within the rolled artificial muscle is used to integrate a waveguide that serves as a strain sensor. This combined actuation-sensing structure maintains flexibility and actuation capabilities while enabling self-sensing and feedback control. The versatility of the DE artificial muscle is further demonstrated by segmenting a single long muscle into three shorter units and employing these units to construct two multi-actuator machines: a tensegrity-based gimbal and a rotary engine. This work advances the large-scale production and application of DE artificial muscles.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Formamidine lead halide perovskite material is regarded as a competitive candidate for light amplification and lasers due to its ideal bandgap range and excellent optical properties. The formamidinium perovskites undergo a cubic-to-hexagonal transition in humid conditions, leading to the formation of yellow δ-phase FAPbI3, which degrades laser device performance and stability. To address this, we propose using methylamine formate (MAFa) as an ionic liquid solvent for stable black-phase α-FAPbI3 perovskite films. Compared to traditional N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent (FAPI-DMF), FAPI-MF films show improved ASE performance with lower threshold and higher gain under nanosecond laser excitation. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) and transient absorption (TA) spectra reveal higher exciton binding energy (72.9 meV) and longer optical gain lifetime for FAPI-MF films, attributed to the vertical arrangement of lead iodide in nano-sized ion channels that promote α-FAPbI3 formation. The FAPI-MF films also exhibit excellent photostability, thermal stability, and resistance to humidity, ensuring continuous laser and long-term stability. This work extends the perovskite family’s spectral range from visible to near-infrared light, offering a color-tunable emitter with broad applications, including chemical analysis, biomedical research, and food safety testing.
{"title":"Enhanced Near-Infrared Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Stability Improvement of Air-Processed Pure Black-Phase Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Films","authors":"Jun Yang, Xin Zeng, Zhen Meng, Hongfang Liu, Mingyu Pi, Yexiong Huang, Shuaiqi Li, Jie Yang, Peng Yu, Xingfeng Liu, Shencheng Fu, Dingke Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202419059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202419059","url":null,"abstract":"Formamidine lead halide perovskite material is regarded as a competitive candidate for light amplification and lasers due to its ideal bandgap range and excellent optical properties. The formamidinium perovskites undergo a cubic-to-hexagonal transition in humid conditions, leading to the formation of yellow δ-phase FAPbI<sub>3</sub>, which degrades laser device performance and stability. To address this, we propose using methylamine formate (MAFa) as an ionic liquid solvent for stable black-phase α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite films. Compared to traditional N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent (FAPI-DMF), FAPI-MF films show improved ASE performance with lower threshold and higher gain under nanosecond laser excitation. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) and transient absorption (TA) spectra reveal higher exciton binding energy (72.9 meV) and longer optical gain lifetime for FAPI-MF films, attributed to the vertical arrangement of lead iodide in nano-sized ion channels that promote α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> formation. The FAPI-MF films also exhibit excellent photostability, thermal stability, and resistance to humidity, ensuring continuous laser and long-term stability. This work extends the perovskite family’s spectral range from visible to near-infrared light, offering a color-tunable emitter with broad applications, including chemical analysis, biomedical research, and food safety testing.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aditya Singla, Kaustubh G. Naik, Bairav S. Vishnugopi, Partha P. Mukherjee
The development of practical sodium (Na) metal batteries is hindered by key challenges including dendrite growth, dead metal formation, and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth. A fundamental understanding of the chemo-mechanical interactions at the Na/SEI interface is critical for designing stable Na metal electrodes. In this work, the coupled electrochemical-mechanical processes governing the morphological evolution and stability of Na metal during plating and stripping are investigated. The heterogeneous nature of transport and morphological interactions at the Na/SEI interface is revealed to result in nonuniform mechanical overpotentials and reaction fronts, eventually leading to Na filaments or pits. The spatio-temporal evolution of stress heterogeneities during Na plating and stripping is shown to be asymmetric, manifesting in varying morphological nonuniformities and instability modes. The crucial role of external pressure in modulating the electrochemical-transport interactions, the mechanical response of Na, and the localized reaction currents and stresses at the Na/SEI interface is demonstrated. At different external pressure conditions, the correlation between transport heterogeneities in the SEI and the onset and propagation of interface instability has been delineated. This work highlights the need for synergistic tailoring of external pressure and SEI heterogeneity toward achieving stable electrodeposition and dissolution in Na metal electrodes.
{"title":"Chemo-Mechanics Interplay Dictates Interface Instability and Asymmetry in Plating and Stripping of Sodium Metal Electrodes","authors":"Aditya Singla, Kaustubh G. Naik, Bairav S. Vishnugopi, Partha P. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202418033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202418033","url":null,"abstract":"The development of practical sodium (Na) metal batteries is hindered by key challenges including dendrite growth, dead metal formation, and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth. A fundamental understanding of the chemo-mechanical interactions at the Na/SEI interface is critical for designing stable Na metal electrodes. In this work, the coupled electrochemical-mechanical processes governing the morphological evolution and stability of Na metal during plating and stripping are investigated. The heterogeneous nature of transport and morphological interactions at the Na/SEI interface is revealed to result in nonuniform mechanical overpotentials and reaction fronts, eventually leading to Na filaments or pits. The spatio-temporal evolution of stress heterogeneities during Na plating and stripping is shown to be asymmetric, manifesting in varying morphological nonuniformities and instability modes. The crucial role of external pressure in modulating the electrochemical-transport interactions, the mechanical response of Na, and the localized reaction currents and stresses at the Na/SEI interface is demonstrated. At different external pressure conditions, the correlation between transport heterogeneities in the SEI and the onset and propagation of interface instability has been delineated. This work highlights the need for synergistic tailoring of external pressure and SEI heterogeneity toward achieving stable electrodeposition and dissolution in Na metal electrodes.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hang Shao, Jiahao Zou, Huili Liang, Rui Zhu, Yonghui Zhang, Xiaozhi Zhan, Tao Zhu, Jihua Zhang, Yuan Li, Guangyu Zhang, Zengxia Mei
As most commonly used miniature solid-state dosimeter, metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) have been facing unavoidable gate leakage and robustness problems due to the double-sided role of traps in oxide insulators. Herein, a new solution for X-ray dosimeter has been proposed which leverages the conductivity change of amorphous Ga2O3 (a-Ga2O3) channel instead of charge trapping in oxide insulators. Increasingly negatively-shifted threshold voltage (Vth) of a-Ga2O3 thin-film transistor is recorded together with almost unchanged subthreshold swing (SS) and field-effect mobility (µFE) after X-ray irradiations. X-ray-induced-variation of oxygen vacancy (VO) related defects in a-Ga2O3 is revealed after a combined investigation of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements, contributing to the indicative Vth shift related with X-ray dosage. A functional recovery is realized through an annealing process in air condition, showing the high reliability of a-Ga2O3 semiconductor. Moreover, the unique merit of no need for power supply during X-ray irradiations, beneficial from the slow neutralization rate of ionized VO related defects, imparts an offline working capability to the dosimeter. This work provides a potential strategy to monitor X-ray dosage via utilizing the X-ray-induced change of amorphous oxide semiconductor conductivity, hence addressing the reliability and repeatability issues in present MOSFET devices.
作为最常用的微型固态剂量计，金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（MOSFET）一直面临着不可避免的栅极泄漏和稳健性问题，这是由于氧化物绝缘体中的陷阱具有双面作用。在此，我们提出了一种用于 X 射线剂量计的新解决方案，它利用了非晶态 Ga2O3（a-Ga2O3）沟道的电导率变化，而不是氧化物绝缘体中的电荷陷阱。在 X 射线照射后，a-Ga2O3 薄膜晶体管的阈值电压（Vth）不断负移，同时阈下摆动（SS）和场效应迁移率（µFE）几乎保持不变。在对 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 和中子反射率 (NR) 测量进行综合研究后，发现了 X 射线诱导的 a-Ga2O3 中与氧空位 (VO) 相关的缺陷变化，这导致了与 X 射线剂量相关的指示性 Vth 值偏移。通过空气条件下的退火过程实现了功能恢复，显示了 a-Ga2O3 半导体的高可靠性。此外，X 射线辐照期间无需供电的独特优点还得益于电离 VO 相关缺陷的缓慢中和速率，这为剂量计提供了离线工作能力。这项工作提供了一种利用 X 射线引起的非晶氧化物半导体电导率变化来监测 X 射线剂量的潜在策略，从而解决了现有 MOSFET 器件的可靠性和可重复性问题。
{"title":"Amorphous Ga2O3 Semiconductor: A New Solution for Robust X-Ray Dosimeters","authors":"Hang Shao, Jiahao Zou, Huili Liang, Rui Zhu, Yonghui Zhang, Xiaozhi Zhan, Tao Zhu, Jihua Zhang, Yuan Li, Guangyu Zhang, Zengxia Mei","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202421730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421730","url":null,"abstract":"As most commonly used miniature solid-state dosimeter, metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) have been facing unavoidable gate leakage and robustness problems due to the double-sided role of traps in oxide insulators. Herein, a new solution for X-ray dosimeter has been proposed which leverages the conductivity change of amorphous Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (a-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) channel instead of charge trapping in oxide insulators. Increasingly negatively-shifted threshold voltage (V<sub>th</sub>) of a-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin-film transistor is recorded together with almost unchanged subthreshold swing (SS) and field-effect mobility (µ<sub>FE</sub>) after X-ray irradiations. X-ray-induced-variation of oxygen vacancy (V<sub>O</sub>) related defects in a-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is revealed after a combined investigation of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements, contributing to the indicative V<sub>th</sub> shift related with X-ray dosage. A functional recovery is realized through an annealing process in air condition, showing the high reliability of a-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> semiconductor. Moreover, the unique merit of no need for power supply during X-ray irradiations, beneficial from the slow neutralization rate of ionized V<sub>O</sub> related defects, imparts an offline working capability to the dosimeter. This work provides a potential strategy to monitor X-ray dosage via utilizing the X-ray-induced change of amorphous oxide semiconductor conductivity, hence addressing the reliability and repeatability issues in present MOSFET devices.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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