Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.12.0754
U.D. Das, M. A. Hossain, J.U. Ahamed, M.E.A. Razzaq
In this experimental work, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the chemical precipitation method, and the nanoparticle structure and morphology were characterized through XRD and SEM. Heat transfer and exergetic characteristics were then studied in a shell and tube heat exchanger using PGW-based ZnO nanofluids varying nanoparticle volume concentration and nanofluid (shell side) flow rate at 6, 8, 10 and 12 litres/min. The hot water flow rate was fixed at 12 litres/min. The experimental results show that the heat transfer rate was improved by increasing the nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid flow rate. When the nanoparticle volume concentration was 0.3 per cent, the maximum enhancement of heat transfer rate and average heat transfer coefficient using ZnO nanofluids were 35.9 per cent and 40.2 per cent, respectively, in comparison to the base fluid. Exergy loss and dimensionless exergy loss both increased with nanofluid flow rate and dropped substantially with increased nanoparticle volume concentrations. The average increment of exergetic effectiveness at three different nanoparticle volume concentration (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) are 10.68%, 23.64%, and 31.23% respectively. The highest exergetic sustainability index (0.41) and lowest environmental impact factor (2.42) were observed when the nanoparticle concentration was 0.3% with the nanofluid flow rate of 6 litres/min.
{"title":"Heat Transfer and Exergy Analysis of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger using PGW based ZnO Nanofluids","authors":"U.D. Das, M. A. Hossain, J.U. Ahamed, M.E.A. Razzaq","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.12.0754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.12.0754","url":null,"abstract":"In this experimental work, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the chemical precipitation method, and the nanoparticle structure and morphology were characterized through XRD and SEM. Heat transfer and exergetic characteristics were then studied in a shell and tube heat exchanger using PGW-based ZnO nanofluids varying nanoparticle volume concentration and nanofluid (shell side) flow rate at 6, 8, 10 and 12 litres/min. The hot water flow rate was fixed at 12 litres/min. The experimental results show that the heat transfer rate was improved by increasing the nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid flow rate. When the nanoparticle volume concentration was 0.3 per cent, the maximum enhancement of heat transfer rate and average heat transfer coefficient using ZnO nanofluids were 35.9 per cent and 40.2 per cent, respectively, in comparison to the base fluid. Exergy loss and dimensionless exergy loss both increased with nanofluid flow rate and dropped substantially with increased nanoparticle volume concentrations. The average increment of exergetic effectiveness at three different nanoparticle volume concentration (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) are 10.68%, 23.64%, and 31.23% respectively. The highest exergetic sustainability index (0.41) and lowest environmental impact factor (2.42) were observed when the nanoparticle concentration was 0.3% with the nanofluid flow rate of 6 litres/min.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81574869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.04.0746
Muhammad Faridzul Faizal Mohd Ruslan, Mohd Firdaus Hassan
Many machine learning models have been created in recent years, which focus on recognising bearings and gearboxes with less attention on detecting unbalance issues. Unbalance is a fundamental issue that frequently occurs in deteriorating machinery, which requires checking prior to significant faults such as bearing and gearbox failures. Unbalance will propagate unless correction happens, causing damage to neighbouring components, such as bearings and mechanical seals. Because recurrent neural networks are well-known for their performance with sequential data, in this study, RNN is proposed to be developed using only two statistical moments known as the crest factor and kurtosis, with the goal of producing an RNN capable of producing better unbalanced fault predictions than existing machine learning models. The results reveal that RNN prediction efficacies are dependent on how the input data is prepared, with separate datasets of unbalanced data producing more accurate predictions than bulk datasets and combined datasets. This study shows that if the dataset is prepared in a specific way, RNN has a stronger prediction capability, and a future study will explore a new parameter to be fused along with present statistical moments to increase RNN’s prediction capability.
{"title":"Unbalance Failure Recognition Using Recurrent Neural Network","authors":"Muhammad Faridzul Faizal Mohd Ruslan, Mohd Firdaus Hassan","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.04.0746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.04.0746","url":null,"abstract":"Many machine learning models have been created in recent years, which focus on recognising bearings and gearboxes with less attention on detecting unbalance issues. Unbalance is a fundamental issue that frequently occurs in deteriorating machinery, which requires checking prior to significant faults such as bearing and gearbox failures. Unbalance will propagate unless correction happens, causing damage to neighbouring components, such as bearings and mechanical seals. Because recurrent neural networks are well-known for their performance with sequential data, in this study, RNN is proposed to be developed using only two statistical moments known as the crest factor and kurtosis, with the goal of producing an RNN capable of producing better unbalanced fault predictions than existing machine learning models. The results reveal that RNN prediction efficacies are dependent on how the input data is prepared, with separate datasets of unbalanced data producing more accurate predictions than bulk datasets and combined datasets. This study shows that if the dataset is prepared in a specific way, RNN has a stronger prediction capability, and a future study will explore a new parameter to be fused along with present statistical moments to increase RNN’s prediction capability.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81940529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.08.0750
M. Janulin, O. Vrublevskyi, A. Prokhorenko
This article discusses a set of solutions for creating a city electric car with a low-voltage power supply system for a DC motor. Based on a constructed city vehicle with a low voltage electric drive system, a simulation model was prepared and verified. An energy flow analysis was performed, and the developed simulation model was described. Then, the optimization method was focused on minimizing the energy consumption of the vehicle in the driving cycles under consideration. To mirror the actual road conditions as much as possible, the real traffic cycle registered over an actual route was used in the process of optimization, with the cycle’s velocity profile and recording of the road slope angle used in the simulation program. Established optimality quantitative dependence of the design and control parameters of the gearbox on the operational characteristics of the electric vehicle, which allowed for the determination of parametric and functional limitations during optimization. As a result of employing the described design solutions and optimization of drivetrain parameters, an over 40% reduction in the vehicle’s energy consumption in a real driving cycle test was obtained.
{"title":"Energy Minimization in City Electric Vehicle using Optimized Multi-Speed Transmission","authors":"M. Janulin, O. Vrublevskyi, A. Prokhorenko","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.08.0750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.08.0750","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses a set of solutions for creating a city electric car with a low-voltage power supply system for a DC motor. Based on a constructed city vehicle with a low voltage electric drive system, a simulation model was prepared and verified. An energy flow analysis was performed, and the developed simulation model was described. Then, the optimization method was focused on minimizing the energy consumption of the vehicle in the driving cycles under consideration. To mirror the actual road conditions as much as possible, the real traffic cycle registered over an actual route was used in the process of optimization, with the cycle’s velocity profile and recording of the road slope angle used in the simulation program. Established optimality quantitative dependence of the design and control parameters of the gearbox on the operational characteristics of the electric vehicle, which allowed for the determination of parametric and functional limitations during optimization. As a result of employing the described design solutions and optimization of drivetrain parameters, an over 40% reduction in the vehicle’s energy consumption in a real driving cycle test was obtained.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83519877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.06.0748
Taraprasad Mohapatra, S. Sahoo, S. Mishra, Prasheet Mishra, D. Biswal
Recent work analytically investigates the heat transfer characteristics of a three fluid heat exchanger used for domestic heating applications with respect to different design parameters, i.e. flow rate, inlet temperature, tube diameter, coil diameter, and coil pitch. The present and previous results are compared with the literature. Overall agreement among these results are observed with little variation. Afterwards, the present temperature data was verified with prior experimental data and little deviation observed in these results vary from -4.28 % to +6.68 % and -6.17% to +5.92% in parallel and counter flow configuration, respectively. It is ensued that the coil side Nusselt number increases with the rise in coil side fluid flow rate and inlet temperature, coil outside fluid inlet temperature and coil diameter respectively. The increment in coil side flow rate and inlet temperature are identified as the major contributors, with 297% and 39.5% contributions. Similarly, growth in coil outside Nusselt number is observed with the rise in coil side fluid inlet temperature and flow rate, coil outside fluid flow rate and inlet temperature, and coil pitch respectively. The coil pitch and flow rate at the coil outside are identified as major contributors with 36% and 28.5% contribution repsectively. Distinct correlations for heat transfer in the present HEx are proposed for coil inside and outside fluid flow in a turbulent flow regime. The developed correlations results are compared with the present result, and reasonable agreement is observed within the data range of +13% to -14% and +10% to -11% for coil inside and outside Nusselt number, respectively.
{"title":"Performance Investigation of a Three Fluid Heat Exchanger Used in Domestic Heating Applications","authors":"Taraprasad Mohapatra, S. Sahoo, S. Mishra, Prasheet Mishra, D. Biswal","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.06.0748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.06.0748","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work analytically investigates the heat transfer characteristics of a three fluid heat exchanger used for domestic heating applications with respect to different design parameters, i.e. flow rate, inlet temperature, tube diameter, coil diameter, and coil pitch. The present and previous results are compared with the literature. Overall agreement among these results are observed with little variation. Afterwards, the present temperature data was verified with prior experimental data and little deviation observed in these results vary from -4.28 % to +6.68 % and -6.17% to +5.92% in parallel and counter flow configuration, respectively. It is ensued that the coil side Nusselt number increases with the rise in coil side fluid flow rate and inlet temperature, coil outside fluid inlet temperature and coil diameter respectively. The increment in coil side flow rate and inlet temperature are identified as the major contributors, with 297% and 39.5% contributions. Similarly, growth in coil outside Nusselt number is observed with the rise in coil side fluid inlet temperature and flow rate, coil outside fluid flow rate and inlet temperature, and coil pitch respectively. The coil pitch and flow rate at the coil outside are identified as major contributors with 36% and 28.5% contribution repsectively. Distinct correlations for heat transfer in the present HEx are proposed for coil inside and outside fluid flow in a turbulent flow regime. The developed correlations results are compared with the present result, and reasonable agreement is observed within the data range of +13% to -14% and +10% to -11% for coil inside and outside Nusselt number, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"45 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82730912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.05.0747
Nelfiyanti, Hj Nik Mohd Zuki Nik Mohamed, M.F.F.A. Rashid
Car assembly is a combination of all components that form one completed vehicle unit. The work process is manually done and repeatedly, which contributes to a risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Chassis assembly is a job with a high level of complexity and associated with MSD risk for its employees. This study consists of 30 assembly activities divided into six groups based on posture and working methods used during the work process. Group A consists of 7 assemblies, Group B consists of 8 assemblies, Group C consists of 5 assemblies, Group D consists of 2 assemblies, Group E consists of 5 assemblies, and Group F consists of 3 assemblies. This study aims to compare the measurement and calculation of the risk level of MSD workers by using the RULA, REBA, and OWAS methods. The results of the measurements and computations acquired using these three approaches yielded the same risk category: 83.33 % medium risk/dangerous in working groups A, C, D, E, and F, and 16.67 % very high risk/highly hazardous in working group B. These six groups, particularly group B, requires immediate attention to reduce worker complaints of MSD.
{"title":"Analysis of Measurement and Calculation of MSD Complaint of Chassis Assembly Workers Using OWAS, RULA and REBA Method","authors":"Nelfiyanti, Hj Nik Mohd Zuki Nik Mohamed, M.F.F.A. Rashid","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.05.0747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.05.0747","url":null,"abstract":"Car assembly is a combination of all components that form one completed vehicle unit. The work process is manually done and repeatedly, which contributes to a risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Chassis assembly is a job with a high level of complexity and associated with MSD risk for its employees. This study consists of 30 assembly activities divided into six groups based on posture and working methods used during the work process. Group A consists of 7 assemblies, Group B consists of 8 assemblies, Group C consists of 5 assemblies, Group D consists of 2 assemblies, Group E consists of 5 assemblies, and Group F consists of 3 assemblies. This study aims to compare the measurement and calculation of the risk level of MSD workers by using the RULA, REBA, and OWAS methods. The results of the measurements and computations acquired using these three approaches yielded the same risk category: 83.33 % medium risk/dangerous in working groups A, C, D, E, and F, and 16.67 % very high risk/highly hazardous in working group B. These six groups, particularly group B, requires immediate attention to reduce worker complaints of MSD.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79211860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.02.0744
M. Amrita, Kamesh B, Srikant R R, Bharati Mss, Chandu B, Venugopal Rao Soma
Ti6Al4V has wide applications but is generally considered to belong to the “difficult to machine” category. The present work aims at evaluating sustainability while machining Ti6Al4V with inclusion of graphene. Graphene is included using two methods in this work. In method one, graphene is included as a dispersant in cutting fluid and applied as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). In the other method, graphene is filled in microholes on tools to form self-lubricating tools. Experiments are performed, and results are used to evaluate carbon footprint of the operation on the environment. Economic analysis is also performed—application of graphene as dispersant as well as in solid form enhanced machining capability of Ti6Al4V. Application of 0.3 wt.% graphene dispersed cutting fluid is found to be the most economic. The use of graphene in both forms could improve the machinability of Ti6Al4V and is also found to be economical but has enhanced carbon emission to the environment.
{"title":"Sustainability Evaluation of Machining Ti6Al4V with Graphene Inclusion","authors":"M. Amrita, Kamesh B, Srikant R R, Bharati Mss, Chandu B, Venugopal Rao Soma","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.02.0744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.02.0744","url":null,"abstract":"Ti6Al4V has wide applications but is generally considered to belong to the “difficult to machine” category. The present work aims at evaluating sustainability while machining Ti6Al4V with inclusion of graphene. Graphene is included using two methods in this work. In method one, graphene is included as a dispersant in cutting fluid and applied as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). In the other method, graphene is filled in microholes on tools to form self-lubricating tools. Experiments are performed, and results are used to evaluate carbon footprint of the operation on the environment. Economic analysis is also performed—application of graphene as dispersant as well as in solid form enhanced machining capability of Ti6Al4V. Application of 0.3 wt.% graphene dispersed cutting fluid is found to be the most economic. The use of graphene in both forms could improve the machinability of Ti6Al4V and is also found to be economical but has enhanced carbon emission to the environment.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88938117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.07.0749
Rama Pavan Kumar Varma Indukuri, Rama Murty Raju P., S. Ch., R. S
Maraging steels are ultra-high strength iron nickel-based alloys which are used in military applications like rocket motor casings, missiles, and ship hulls. In the current work, maraging steels of 250 grade butt joints with 2 mm thickness are welded by using Nd:YAG laser. The experiments were designed and conducted using the L16 orthogonal array. Various welding parameters selected for the current work are laser power, welding speed, and focal position, whereas tensile strength, hardness and depth of penetration were considered as the output responses. The influence of process variables on weld bead morphology was analysed experimentally. The microstructure, mechanical characteristics and numerical analysis of the optimum joint were also investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effect of different variables on tensile strength and depth of penetration. According to the results, laser power and welding speed are essential factors for tensile strength. The depth of penetration is strongly influenced by welding speed, focal position, and laser power. In order to predict the weld bead, finite element analysis was performed on ABAQUS 3D finite element software. The results reveal that finite element simulation and experimental observations are matched.
{"title":"Process Parameters Optimisation and Numerical Simulation of Laser Beam Welded Butt Joints of Maraging Steel","authors":"Rama Pavan Kumar Varma Indukuri, Rama Murty Raju P., S. Ch., R. S","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.07.0749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.07.0749","url":null,"abstract":"Maraging steels are ultra-high strength iron nickel-based alloys which are used in military applications like rocket motor casings, missiles, and ship hulls. In the current work, maraging steels of 250 grade butt joints with 2 mm thickness are welded by using Nd:YAG laser. The experiments were designed and conducted using the L16 orthogonal array. Various welding parameters selected for the current work are laser power, welding speed, and focal position, whereas tensile strength, hardness and depth of penetration were considered as the output responses. The influence of process variables on weld bead morphology was analysed experimentally. The microstructure, mechanical characteristics and numerical analysis of the optimum joint were also investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effect of different variables on tensile strength and depth of penetration. According to the results, laser power and welding speed are essential factors for tensile strength. The depth of penetration is strongly influenced by welding speed, focal position, and laser power. In order to predict the weld bead, finite element analysis was performed on ABAQUS 3D finite element software. The results reveal that finite element simulation and experimental observations are matched.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78634638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.10.0752
D. Buczkowski, Szymon Żymełka, G. Nowak
The paper describes the observed occurrence of hysteresis of the characteristic curve of a shock absorber valve. The phenomenon has an impact on the asymmetry of the damping force characteristic and should be taken into account when modelling the valve operation. The aim of the investigations was to determine the factors generating the phenomenon and establish the relationships between these factors and the hysteresis size. Tests were carried out on a stand intended for valve measurements in isolated conditions. A strongly coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction numerical model was also created to simulate the valve operation in selected conditions. The results indicate that the hysteresis loop occurrence is mainly due to the conditions of the valve disc stack preload in the process of its composition and, consequently, to the friction between the valve elements. Having an impact on the contact between discs and on the disc stack overall structure, they affect the hysteresis field significantly. The testing results confirm the supposition that hysteresis is not due to the phenomena related to the conditions of the flow through the valve.
{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Development of Hysteresis in a Shock Absorber with a Shim Disc Valve","authors":"D. Buczkowski, Szymon Żymełka, G. Nowak","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.10.0752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.10.0752","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the observed occurrence of hysteresis of the characteristic curve of a shock absorber valve. The phenomenon has an impact on the asymmetry of the damping force characteristic and should be taken into account when modelling the valve operation. The aim of the investigations was to determine the factors generating the phenomenon and establish the relationships between these factors and the hysteresis size. Tests were carried out on a stand intended for valve measurements in isolated conditions. A strongly coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction numerical model was also created to simulate the valve operation in selected conditions. The results indicate that the hysteresis loop occurrence is mainly due to the conditions of the valve disc stack preload in the process of its composition and, consequently, to the friction between the valve elements. Having an impact on the contact between discs and on the disc stack overall structure, they affect the hysteresis field significantly. The testing results confirm the supposition that hysteresis is not due to the phenomena related to the conditions of the flow through the valve.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87071913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.01.0743
Ahmed Bendimrad, Ayoub El Amrani, B. El Amrani
In this paper, we worked on the control of the angular position of a two-joint robotic arm by the sliding mode technique, after having establishing the dynamic equations of the system by the Lagrange method, with the purpose of improving the performances of the system by acting on certain parameters related to the sliding mode technique. The simulation results show an optimization of the sliding mode controller parameters, generally, in the response of the controlled system, which consists on minimizing error and settling time, and eliminating the unwanted phenomenon of chattering, after finding the optimal values of these parameters. Verification by simulation of the robustness of the optimized robotic arm shows that its response is independent of the dimensions and masses of the bodies of this robotic arm, as well as of the applied load. this answer always corresponds to the best performances of speed, settling time and margin of error. the only quantity that varies according to the parameters of the robotic arm and the applied load is the torque required. This couple has a compensating effect to the change of these internal parameters and of this applied load, to keep the same optimal response on the condition of communicating these changes with the controller.
{"title":"Optimization of the Performances of a Two-Joint Robotic Arm using Sliding Mode Control","authors":"Ahmed Bendimrad, Ayoub El Amrani, B. El Amrani","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.01.0743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.01.0743","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we worked on the control of the angular position of a two-joint robotic arm by the sliding mode technique, after having establishing the dynamic equations of the system by the Lagrange method, with the purpose of improving the performances of the system by acting on certain parameters related to the sliding mode technique. The simulation results show an optimization of the sliding mode controller parameters, generally, in the response of the controlled system, which consists on minimizing error and settling time, and eliminating the unwanted phenomenon of chattering, after finding the optimal values of these parameters. Verification by simulation of the robustness of the optimized robotic arm shows that its response is independent of the dimensions and masses of the bodies of this robotic arm, as well as of the applied load. this answer always corresponds to the best performances of speed, settling time and margin of error. the only quantity that varies according to the parameters of the robotic arm and the applied load is the torque required. This couple has a compensating effect to the change of these internal parameters and of this applied load, to keep the same optimal response on the condition of communicating these changes with the controller.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82205062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.03.0745
A. K. Nasution, H. Gustami, S. Suprastio, M.A. Fadillah, J. Octavia, S. Saidin
Certain surgical interventions, such as fractures, may require implants that have a combination of external and internal parts made of inert and biodegradable biomaterials, respectively. This implant design can be fabricated using specific fabrication methods such as friction welding that are able to efficiently combine two biomaterials. This study reports the utilization of the direct friction welding technique for the fabrication of semi-biodegradable bone screws using two parent metals of low carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel 202. The welding parameters were optimized to obtain welded joints for bone screw fabrication. The mechanical properties of metals that have been welded were identified through tensile and three-point bending analyses. The corrosion test was then conducted on the welded metals through the measurement of corrosion rate, changes in pH value, morphology visualization, and element release, while the cytotoxicity effect was evaluated through a cell viability test. Screw implant materials with a diameter of up to 12.7 mm were successfully fabricated using a continuous friction drive welding machine at 4000 rpm and 24.5 MPa hydraulic pressure. The results of mechanical testing show that the tensile strength of weld joints decreased by 3.6% from low carbon steel and 20.4% from stainless steel. Fractures were observed at the welding interface after being subjected to flexural testing. The pH value of the Saline solution decreased from 7.13±0.06 to 6.73±0.06 after the welded metals were immersed for up to 8 weeks. Evaluation of the surface morphology in all welding zones at week eight samples obtained that almost all types of corrosion that occurred were uniform corrosion, except in the PZ zone where galvanic corrosion was formed. The concentrations of Cr and Ni ions (ppm level) were very low, namely 0.058 ppm for Cr and 0.199 ppm for Ni. The viability of human fibroblast cells was maintained at higher than 75% viability after the cell incubation at 1, 3, and 5 days with different parts of welded joints.
{"title":"Potential use of Friction Welding for Fabricating Semi-Biodegradable Bone Screws","authors":"A. K. Nasution, H. Gustami, S. Suprastio, M.A. Fadillah, J. Octavia, S. Saidin","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.03.0745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.03.0745","url":null,"abstract":"Certain surgical interventions, such as fractures, may require implants that have a combination of external and internal parts made of inert and biodegradable biomaterials, respectively. This implant design can be fabricated using specific fabrication methods such as friction welding that are able to efficiently combine two biomaterials. This study reports the utilization of the direct friction welding technique for the fabrication of semi-biodegradable bone screws using two parent metals of low carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel 202. The welding parameters were optimized to obtain welded joints for bone screw fabrication. The mechanical properties of metals that have been welded were identified through tensile and three-point bending analyses. The corrosion test was then conducted on the welded metals through the measurement of corrosion rate, changes in pH value, morphology visualization, and element release, while the cytotoxicity effect was evaluated through a cell viability test. Screw implant materials with a diameter of up to 12.7 mm were successfully fabricated using a continuous friction drive welding machine at 4000 rpm and 24.5 MPa hydraulic pressure. The results of mechanical testing show that the tensile strength of weld joints decreased by 3.6% from low carbon steel and 20.4% from stainless steel. Fractures were observed at the welding interface after being subjected to flexural testing. The pH value of the Saline solution decreased from 7.13±0.06 to 6.73±0.06 after the welded metals were immersed for up to 8 weeks. Evaluation of the surface morphology in all welding zones at week eight samples obtained that almost all types of corrosion that occurred were uniform corrosion, except in the PZ zone where galvanic corrosion was formed. The concentrations of Cr and Ni ions (ppm level) were very low, namely 0.058 ppm for Cr and 0.199 ppm for Ni. The viability of human fibroblast cells was maintained at higher than 75% viability after the cell incubation at 1, 3, and 5 days with different parts of welded joints.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79639800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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