Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.11.0753
Ashwindran Naidu Sanderasagran, A. A. Aziz, A. Oumer, I. Mat Sahat
Although drag driven wind turbine is regarded as an efficient rotor for low wind speed region, design reconfiguration is a continuous process in order to improve the performance of the rotor. The main governing factor that influences the performance of the rotor is the blade morphology. Hence, this paper presents a proposed nature inspired design approach for the development of drag driven wind turbine blade morphology. The design approach framework comprise of 3 main elements namely image processing, geometrical analysis and bio-hybridization. The proposed bio-hybridized design consist of blade mainframe curve inspired by nautilus shell and barnacle on the blade surface. It is found that integration of barnacle geometries on the surface of the blade has affected the performance of the rotor. Result shows that the peak Cm is at λ = 0.55 for experimental and CFD is Cm = 0.238 and Cm = 0.253 respectively. The proposed design resulted in experimental and numerical Cp = 0.113 and Cp = 0.127 respectively at 7 m/s and λ = 0.7. The presented design technique with appropriate design bio-element provides a systematic method for engineers to model wind turbine blade morphologies.
{"title":"Alternative Method of Nature Inspired Geometrical Design Strategy for Drag Induced Wind Turbine Blade Morphology","authors":"Ashwindran Naidu Sanderasagran, A. A. Aziz, A. Oumer, I. Mat Sahat","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.11.0753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.11.0753","url":null,"abstract":"Although drag driven wind turbine is regarded as an efficient rotor for low wind speed region, design reconfiguration is a continuous process in order to improve the performance of the rotor. The main governing factor that influences the performance of the rotor is the blade morphology. Hence, this paper presents a proposed nature inspired design approach for the development of drag driven wind turbine blade morphology. The design approach framework comprise of 3 main elements namely image processing, geometrical analysis and bio-hybridization. The proposed bio-hybridized design consist of blade mainframe curve inspired by nautilus shell and barnacle on the blade surface. It is found that integration of barnacle geometries on the surface of the blade has affected the performance of the rotor. Result shows that the peak Cm is at λ = 0.55 for experimental and CFD is Cm = 0.238 and Cm = 0.253 respectively. The proposed design resulted in experimental and numerical Cp = 0.113 and Cp = 0.127 respectively at 7 m/s and λ = 0.7. The presented design technique with appropriate design bio-element provides a systematic method for engineers to model wind turbine blade morphologies.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84817209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.09.0751
W. Bedjaoui, Z. Boumerzoug, F. Delaunois
The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of time and temperature on the solid-state diffusion welding of commercial aluminum alloy 2xxx series with a pure copper at 425°C, 475°C, 500°C, and 525°C during holding times from 15 min to 240 min. The main characterization techniques were optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, nanoindentation, microhardness measurements, and x-ray diffraction. Results showed that increasing the temperature and the holding time had an effect on the apparition of the intermetallics at the Al alloy/Cu interface. Five intermetallic phases namely Al2Cu, AlCu, Al3Cu4, Al2Cu3, and Al4Cu9 were identified at the interface. The mechanical properties of the welded joint Al/Cu alloy varied also with the time and temperature. The nanoindentation measurements showed that the highest values of hardness were recorded in AlCu and Al3Cu4 phases. The welding success of these dissimilar metals can be used for battery cables or to form heat exchanger plates for vehicles.
{"title":"Solid-State Diffusion Welding of Commercial Aluminum Alloy with Pure Copper","authors":"W. Bedjaoui, Z. Boumerzoug, F. Delaunois","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.09.0751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.09.0751","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of time and temperature on the solid-state diffusion welding of commercial aluminum alloy 2xxx series with a pure copper at 425°C, 475°C, 500°C, and 525°C during holding times from 15 min to 240 min. The main characterization techniques were optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, nanoindentation, microhardness measurements, and x-ray diffraction. Results showed that increasing the temperature and the holding time had an effect on the apparition of the intermetallics at the Al alloy/Cu interface. Five intermetallic phases namely Al2Cu, AlCu, Al3Cu4, Al2Cu3, and Al4Cu9 were identified at the interface. The mechanical properties of the welded joint Al/Cu alloy varied also with the time and temperature. The nanoindentation measurements showed that the highest values of hardness were recorded in AlCu and Al3Cu4 phases. The welding success of these dissimilar metals can be used for battery cables or to form heat exchanger plates for vehicles.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87574144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.21.0740
S. Shimooka, Koki Katayama, T. Akagi, S. Dohta, T. Shinohara, Takumi Kobayashi, Mohd Aliff
Recently, old and dilapidated infrastructures such as bridges, chimneys and tunnels have become very serious in Japan. Inspection of the infrastructure was done by climbing the ladders that were set up. However, the inspection becomes dangerous as it is necessary to climb into very high areas and unpredictable weather and conditions. In this study, a lightweight inspection robot that can climb ladders in adverse weather conditions was proposed and tested. To grasp a ladder pillar without hurting, the wrapping motion is required. Therefore, the flexible robot arm that can grasp the ladder pillar while approaching and release it while going away was also proposed and tested. The automatic ladder-climbing inspection robot that consists of two pillar grasping flexible robot arms and a lifting robot arm was proposed and tested. The control system of the robot, driven by four on/off valves and an embedded controller, was also constructed. The ladder climbing experiment using the tested robot was carried out. As a result, it could be confirmed that the robot can climb up and down a ladder with soft gripping the ladder, and the soft robot can be also operated by using only four valves.
{"title":"Development of Automatic Ladder Climbing Inspection Robot Using Extension Type Flexible Pneumatic Actuators","authors":"S. Shimooka, Koki Katayama, T. Akagi, S. Dohta, T. Shinohara, Takumi Kobayashi, Mohd Aliff","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.21.0740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.21.0740","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, old and dilapidated infrastructures such as bridges, chimneys and tunnels have become very serious in Japan. Inspection of the infrastructure was done by climbing the ladders that were set up. However, the inspection becomes dangerous as it is necessary to climb into very high areas and unpredictable weather and conditions. In this study, a lightweight inspection robot that can climb ladders in adverse weather conditions was proposed and tested. To grasp a ladder pillar without hurting, the wrapping motion is required. Therefore, the flexible robot arm that can grasp the ladder pillar while approaching and release it while going away was also proposed and tested. The automatic ladder-climbing inspection robot that consists of two pillar grasping flexible robot arms and a lifting robot arm was proposed and tested. The control system of the robot, driven by four on/off valves and an embedded controller, was also constructed. The ladder climbing experiment using the tested robot was carried out. As a result, it could be confirmed that the robot can climb up and down a ladder with soft gripping the ladder, and the soft robot can be also operated by using only four valves.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"48 43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79554036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.23.0742
H. Judawisastra, Gunawan Refiadi
Kenaf fiber has been studied for biocomposites reinforcement due to its renewable and carbon neutrality. Meanwhile, polypropylene sheets are easily processed and considered a prospective thermoplastic matrix source for biocomposites. Hence, the combination of both materials is expected to form an attractive biocomposite. This study aimed to optimize permanganate treatment on tensile properties and water absorption of kenaf-reinforced propylene biocomposites. It thermally tested kenaf fibers and PP using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) before performing compression molding at 185°C and 70 bars using the film stacking method. The kenaf fiber variables were untreated, alkaline pre-treated, and alkaline-permanganate treated to low concentrations of 0.01 to 0.05 wt% of KMnO4. Furthermore, this study conducted Yarn tensile test and Weibull distribution to find a strength variability statistically. Composite tensile and burn tests were performed to obtain tensile strength, constituent materials, and void volume fractions. Composites fractography was implemented to examine the effect of permanganate on composite water uptake behavior using scanning electron microscopy. This study used low concentration in permanganate treatments than several previous studies. The results showed that biocomposites have a tensile strength of 125 MPa, higher than in previous studies that found a value less than 80 MPa. This study has contributed to the green optimization treatment using lower chemical concentrations but with better results on impregnation, interfacial, water absorption, and mechanical properties of kenaf or polypropylene composites.
{"title":"Permanganate Treatment Optimization on Tensile Properties and Water Absorption of Kenaf Fiber-Polypropylene Biocomposites","authors":"H. Judawisastra, Gunawan Refiadi","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.23.0742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.23.0742","url":null,"abstract":"Kenaf fiber has been studied for biocomposites reinforcement due to its renewable and carbon neutrality. Meanwhile, polypropylene sheets are easily processed and considered a prospective thermoplastic matrix source for biocomposites. Hence, the combination of both materials is expected to form an attractive biocomposite. This study aimed to optimize permanganate treatment on tensile properties and water absorption of kenaf-reinforced propylene biocomposites. It thermally tested kenaf fibers and PP using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) before performing compression molding at 185°C and 70 bars using the film stacking method. The kenaf fiber variables were untreated, alkaline pre-treated, and alkaline-permanganate treated to low concentrations of 0.01 to 0.05 wt% of KMnO4. Furthermore, this study conducted Yarn tensile test and Weibull distribution to find a strength variability statistically. Composite tensile and burn tests were performed to obtain tensile strength, constituent materials, and void volume fractions. Composites fractography was implemented to examine the effect of permanganate on composite water uptake behavior using scanning electron microscopy. This study used low concentration in permanganate treatments than several previous studies. The results showed that biocomposites have a tensile strength of 125 MPa, higher than in previous studies that found a value less than 80 MPa. This study has contributed to the green optimization treatment using lower chemical concentrations but with better results on impregnation, interfacial, water absorption, and mechanical properties of kenaf or polypropylene composites.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88936908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.22.0741
Ravikant, Vinod Kumar Mittal, Dr. Vikas Gupta
Hip joint repair/replacement is one of the most thriving orthopedic surgical procedures in the human body. The group of patients undergoing hip replacement considerably includes young and physically active persons with varying movements thus requiring longer product life and ease of maintenance. Perfect lubrication in hip assembly ensures a low wear rate and better product life. The present work focuses on dry and wet lubrication analysis of complete implant assembly instead of an individual part. The assembly consists of a stem, head, liner and cup, each made of different materials like a ceramic femoral head mounted over a metallic femoral stem with a polyethylene liner and a metallic acetabular cup. In this work, eight metal-materials are considered for stem/cup, three ceramic materials for the head and two polyethylene materials for the liner. The combinations of these materials are evaluated for various mechanical parameters. Dry (µ = 0.13) and wet (µ = 0.05) lubricating conditions between the liner and femoral head have been considered and their effects on the head, liner and cup have been evaluated for the optimization of Hip joint design. Fifty percent of re-surgery cases arise because of excessive wear out resulting in aseptic loosening of the femoral head and liner interface. Femoral head of size 28 mm diameter with 2 mm thick liner and 3 mm thick acetabular cup are modeled and are analyzed for axial pay load of 2.3 kN. The maximum von mises stress and total deformation for various material combinations of implant assembly have been compared to select the most suitable one for the arthroplasty implantation. The combination of CoCrMo – Ceramics – HXLPE – CoCrMo demonstrates minimum stress and deformation for all three parts i.e. femoral head, liner and acetabular cup under present loading and boundary conditions. ZTA is emerged as the preferred ceramic material for femoral head having a higher compressive strength.
{"title":"Dry and Wet Lubrication Analysis for Multi-Material Hip Assembly","authors":"Ravikant, Vinod Kumar Mittal, Dr. Vikas Gupta","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.22.0741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.22.0741","url":null,"abstract":"Hip joint repair/replacement is one of the most thriving orthopedic surgical procedures in the human body. The group of patients undergoing hip replacement considerably includes young and physically active persons with varying movements thus requiring longer product life and ease of maintenance. Perfect lubrication in hip assembly ensures a low wear rate and better product life. The present work focuses on dry and wet lubrication analysis of complete implant assembly instead of an individual part. The assembly consists of a stem, head, liner and cup, each made of different materials like a ceramic femoral head mounted over a metallic femoral stem with a polyethylene liner and a metallic acetabular cup. In this work, eight metal-materials are considered for stem/cup, three ceramic materials for the head and two polyethylene materials for the liner. The combinations of these materials are evaluated for various mechanical parameters. Dry (µ = 0.13) and wet (µ = 0.05) lubricating conditions between the liner and femoral head have been considered and their effects on the head, liner and cup have been evaluated for the optimization of Hip joint design. Fifty percent of re-surgery cases arise because of excessive wear out resulting in aseptic loosening of the femoral head and liner interface. Femoral head of size 28 mm diameter with 2 mm thick liner and 3 mm thick acetabular cup are modeled and are analyzed for axial pay load of 2.3 kN. The maximum von mises stress and total deformation for various material combinations of implant assembly have been compared to select the most suitable one for the arthroplasty implantation. The combination of CoCrMo – Ceramics – HXLPE – CoCrMo demonstrates minimum stress and deformation for all three parts i.e. femoral head, liner and acetabular cup under present loading and boundary conditions. ZTA is emerged as the preferred ceramic material for femoral head having a higher compressive strength.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81401701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.16.0735
Nor Syazana Adilah Zulkifli, N. Mohamad, Anis Aqilah Abd Ghani, S. Chang, J. Abd Razak, H. E. Ab Maulod, Mohd Fadli Hassan, Muhyiaddin Abdul Qadir Abu Bakar, Muhammad Afiq Ani, M. Teng, Q. Ahsan
Generally, the engine mount is made from rubber and mild steel bonded with a Chemlok® adhesive system. It could be modified to provide sufficient bonding between natural rubber and aluminum. Therefore, this work aims to study a nano-manipulated adhesive system by modifying the existing Chemlok® adhesive system at different weight percentages of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) loading via two steps ultrasonic-assisted stirring process by ultrasonic bath and hot plate. The natural rubber (NR)-aluminum (Al) substrates were bonded using a hot press machine under the pressure of 100 kgf/cm2 for 20 minutes at 140 °C temperature. The samples were subjected to a 90-degree peel test based on ASTM D429 by the UTM machine, and the peel-fractured surfaces were evaluated both physically and under SEM. The adhesive strength increased with the increment of GNPs in the modified Chemlok® 205/220 system. The GNPs modified Chemlok® system achieved 30% improvement than the existing adhesive. The analyses proved the modification was successful. The modified system with GNPs dispersed at certain intercalation levels showed active functional groups, reinforcing effects, and thermal stability.
{"title":"Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified Chemlok® Adhesive System for Natural Rubber – Aluminium Bonded Component in Engine Mount","authors":"Nor Syazana Adilah Zulkifli, N. Mohamad, Anis Aqilah Abd Ghani, S. Chang, J. Abd Razak, H. E. Ab Maulod, Mohd Fadli Hassan, Muhyiaddin Abdul Qadir Abu Bakar, Muhammad Afiq Ani, M. Teng, Q. Ahsan","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.16.0735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.16.0735","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, the engine mount is made from rubber and mild steel bonded with a Chemlok® adhesive system. It could be modified to provide sufficient bonding between natural rubber and aluminum. Therefore, this work aims to study a nano-manipulated adhesive system by modifying the existing Chemlok® adhesive system at different weight percentages of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) loading via two steps ultrasonic-assisted stirring process by ultrasonic bath and hot plate. The natural rubber (NR)-aluminum (Al) substrates were bonded using a hot press machine under the pressure of 100 kgf/cm2 for 20 minutes at 140 °C temperature. The samples were subjected to a 90-degree peel test based on ASTM D429 by the UTM machine, and the peel-fractured surfaces were evaluated both physically and under SEM. The adhesive strength increased with the increment of GNPs in the modified Chemlok® 205/220 system. The GNPs modified Chemlok® system achieved 30% improvement than the existing adhesive. The analyses proved the modification was successful. The modified system with GNPs dispersed at certain intercalation levels showed active functional groups, reinforcing effects, and thermal stability.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75807427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.20.0739
Z. Mighouar, H. Khatib, L. Zahiri, K. Mansouri
Pipelines are commonly used to transport energy over long distances. If this structure is subjected to an internal pressure of variable amplitude loading, such as water hammer waves, the structural damage caused by the presence of a defect can be exacerbated. Previous research by the authors resulted in the development of finite element models to evaluate crack and dent defects separately. Each model was used to compare and classify defects in their respective categories based on their nocivity in a metal pipe subjected to internal pressure. The primary objective of this paper is to compare the severity of various defect categories on the same scale. A numerical damage assessment model that considers the interaction effect, as well as the loading history, is used to achieve this goal. It takes the output of the two finite element models, as well as the pressure spectrum caused by the water hammer, as inputs. This model is used to analyze the effect of key parameters that influence the severity of the defects, as well as to compare and classify the various types of dent defects with the various types of crack defects found in pipes subjected to variable amplitude loading.
{"title":"Classification and Comparison of Crack and Dent Defects in a Metal Pipe Subjected to Variable Amplitude Loading","authors":"Z. Mighouar, H. Khatib, L. Zahiri, K. Mansouri","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.20.0739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.20.0739","url":null,"abstract":"Pipelines are commonly used to transport energy over long distances. If this structure is subjected to an internal pressure of variable amplitude loading, such as water hammer waves, the structural damage caused by the presence of a defect can be exacerbated. Previous research by the authors resulted in the development of finite element models to evaluate crack and dent defects separately. Each model was used to compare and classify defects in their respective categories based on their nocivity in a metal pipe subjected to internal pressure. The primary objective of this paper is to compare the severity of various defect categories on the same scale. A numerical damage assessment model that considers the interaction effect, as well as the loading history, is used to achieve this goal. It takes the output of the two finite element models, as well as the pressure spectrum caused by the water hammer, as inputs. This model is used to analyze the effect of key parameters that influence the severity of the defects, as well as to compare and classify the various types of dent defects with the various types of crack defects found in pipes subjected to variable amplitude loading.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77666172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.19.0738
Mostofa Sadat, Nayef Albab, Faria Chowdhury, Mohammad Muhshin Aziz Khan
This study used a numerical simulation approach to examine the effects of external modifications in reducing aerodynamic drag on passenger vehicles. During the simulation, modifications included reducing mirror size by replacing the side mirrors with cameras and covering the wheel area. The resulting changes in drag force for different combinations of modifications were compared with a conventional baseline model to determine the most aerodynamic configuration. The study found that side view cameras reduced drag forces by almost 2.6% due to their smaller frontal areas and improvement in the overall aerodynamics of the vehicle. Besides, an increase in wheel coverage decreased the drag causing up to 2.7% of drag force reduction for a wheel with an 87% coverage area. This is because of the reduction in wake formation caused by the wheel rims. Finally, using a combination of smaller cameras and wheels with larger coverage areas resulted in a maximum drag reduction of about 4.3%.
{"title":"Numerical Simulation Approach to Investigate the Effects of External Modifications in Reducing Aerodynamic Drag on Passenger Vehicles","authors":"Mostofa Sadat, Nayef Albab, Faria Chowdhury, Mohammad Muhshin Aziz Khan","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.19.0738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.19.0738","url":null,"abstract":"This study used a numerical simulation approach to examine the effects of external modifications in reducing aerodynamic drag on passenger vehicles. During the simulation, modifications included reducing mirror size by replacing the side mirrors with cameras and covering the wheel area. The resulting changes in drag force for different combinations of modifications were compared with a conventional baseline model to determine the most aerodynamic configuration. The study found that side view cameras reduced drag forces by almost 2.6% due to their smaller frontal areas and improvement in the overall aerodynamics of the vehicle. Besides, an increase in wheel coverage decreased the drag causing up to 2.7% of drag force reduction for a wheel with an 87% coverage area. This is because of the reduction in wake formation caused by the wheel rims. Finally, using a combination of smaller cameras and wheels with larger coverage areas resulted in a maximum drag reduction of about 4.3%.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86063918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.08.0727
Lalit Patil, H. Khairnar
In today’s world, electric cars are gaining popularity as a mode of transportation due to their smooth and comfortable rides. Since electric cars/bikes do not emit exhaust emissions, environmental standards will improve; however, an unintended upcoming risk of accidents has been identified due to the quiet nature of electric vehicles. The increasing trend of road accidents is resulting in serious injuries or even severe disability. In view of this, it was intended to develop the smart control system by using neural network techniques to enhance safety, especially for electric vehicles. The obstacle detection and smart control strategy were achieved by employing a state flow network. Furthermore, The driver’s behavior was monitored with the aid of a web camera. If the drowsiness/fatigue state of the driver is being detected by the system, then immediate precautionary steps would be carried out such as warning indicators, emergency braking, and stop. To execute this method, the number of input processing hardware devices and software algorithms were used collaboratively. The prototype has been developed to conduct the necessary trials for vindication. The findings show that the control strategy of the proposed model was successfully incorporated on the test bed with consistent results concerning control in numerous situations. The proposed smart braking system would be beneficial to both road users and passengers for improving safety.
{"title":"Python Inspired Smart Braking System to Improve Active Safety for Electric Vehicles","authors":"Lalit Patil, H. Khairnar","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.08.0727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.08.0727","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s world, electric cars are gaining popularity as a mode of transportation due to their smooth and comfortable rides. Since electric cars/bikes do not emit exhaust emissions, environmental standards will improve; however, an unintended upcoming risk of accidents has been identified due to the quiet nature of electric vehicles. The increasing trend of road accidents is resulting in serious injuries or even severe disability. In view of this, it was intended to develop the smart control system by using neural network techniques to enhance safety, especially for electric vehicles. The obstacle detection and smart control strategy were achieved by employing a state flow network. Furthermore, The driver’s behavior was monitored with the aid of a web camera. If the drowsiness/fatigue state of the driver is being detected by the system, then immediate precautionary steps would be carried out such as warning indicators, emergency braking, and stop. To execute this method, the number of input processing hardware devices and software algorithms were used collaboratively. The prototype has been developed to conduct the necessary trials for vindication. The findings show that the control strategy of the proposed model was successfully incorporated on the test bed with consistent results concerning control in numerous situations. The proposed smart braking system would be beneficial to both road users and passengers for improving safety.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77144703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.05.0724
K.V. Kumar, R. Reddy, Ganesh Babu Katam, Y. Pragathi, R.V.S Lakshmi, P. Ravikumar
The increasing population density of automobiles leads to demands more fuel consumption that leads to reducing the availability and also raises the cost. Therefore, it is necessary to search for an alternate fuel, which can effectively replace the conventional fuel without affecting the engine design. The objective of this paper is to discuss the influence of waste plastic oil blends from 0% to 25% at four different ratios fuelled in a multi-cylinder Maruti 800 SI engine by using two types of sparkplugs; the conventional type spark plug that consists of a centre electrode with a copper core, and a plug with an iridium based electrode tip. From the outcomes of the experiments, the engine efficiency is improved, and emissions are controlled by using iridium spark plugs compared to the conventional type spark plugs. At a higher blend of 25%, PPO performance and emissions are analysed and presented in this research. The oxides of nitrogen emissions of engine fuelled with 25% of the plastic oil blend are 13% reduced, and 4.5% brake thermal efficiency are enhanced by using iridium spark plugs compared to 25% of plastic oil by using the conventional type of spark plugs at full load conditions.
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