The infinite dilution activity coefficients of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol , 2-propanol) , ethers(diethyl ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether, diisopropyl ether) and aromatic compounds(benzene, toluene, p-xylene) in aqueous solution had been correlated by the modified ASOG model previously proposed. In this paper, it is introduced that the modified ASOG can be applied to calculate the infinite dilution activity coefficients with a good correlation performance than original ASOG.
{"title":"Correlation of Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients of Organic Compound in Water","authors":"Fukuchi Kenji, Miyoshi Katsumi, Kobuchi Shigetoshi, Yonezawa Setsuko, Arai Yasuhiko","doi":"10.11190/JER.15.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11190/JER.15.59","url":null,"abstract":"The infinite dilution activity coefficients of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol , 2-propanol) , ethers(diethyl ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether, diisopropyl ether) and aromatic compounds(benzene, toluene, p-xylene) in aqueous solution had been correlated by the modified ASOG model previously proposed. In this paper, it is introduced that the modified ASOG can be applied to calculate the infinite dilution activity coefficients with a good correlation performance than original ASOG.","PeriodicalId":15612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ecotechnology research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81527388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calcium phosphates were prepared from sea urchin shells and artificial phosphorus waste fluid. The calcined shells were dissolved in hydrochloric acid solution, and then filtered. This sea urchin shell extract was mixed with the artificial phosphorus waste fluid prepared from sodium dihydrogen phosphate. It was then adjusted to pH 7 using sodium hydroxide solution. The obtained precipitate contained the organic coloring material from sea urchin shell calcined at lower temperature. The main component of the precipitate was CaHPO 4 •2H 2 O. This phosphate was changed to Ca 2 P 2 O 7 by heating because of the condensation reaction. The chemical composition, particle shape, and size were not strongly affected by the heating temperature for the pretreatment.
{"title":"Preparation of calcium phosphates from artificial phosphorus wastewater and sea urchin shells","authors":"Onoda Hiroaki, Kawade Hiroki, Takenaka Atsushi","doi":"10.11190/JER.15.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11190/JER.15.107","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium phosphates were prepared from sea urchin shells and artificial phosphorus waste fluid. The calcined shells were dissolved in hydrochloric acid solution, and then filtered. This sea urchin shell extract was mixed with the artificial phosphorus waste fluid prepared from sodium dihydrogen phosphate. It was then adjusted to pH 7 using sodium hydroxide solution. The obtained precipitate contained the organic coloring material from sea urchin shell calcined at lower temperature. The main component of the precipitate was CaHPO 4 •2H 2 O. This phosphate was changed to Ca 2 P 2 O 7 by heating because of the condensation reaction. The chemical composition, particle shape, and size were not strongly affected by the heating temperature for the pretreatment.","PeriodicalId":15612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ecotechnology research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89563187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of bulk deposit samplers needed to measure atmospheric deposition of pollutants with an acceptable level of variability. A set of 10 bulk deposit samplers was placed at an experimental site near Lake Biwa in the Shiga Prefecture in Japan, and water samples were collected monthly from each sampler. First, the effects of the intrusion of insects and litter were examined by placing intrusion-prevention devices on the samplers. All measures of variation (coefficient of variation [CV], skewness, and kurtosis) were smaller when the device was used than when it was not. Total nitrogen (TN) loads started to increase in April and peaked in June, with a secondary small peak in February. Levels of dissolved nitrogen, NO3-N, and NH4-N showed similar trends. Total phosphorus (TP) reached a maximum in May, and stayed at a relatively high level until it reached a second peak in August and September. The annual precipitation data obtained from the bulk deposit samplers were normally distributed and had an average and median value of 1570 mm yr-1 (CV, 1.0%). Annual TN loads were also distributed normally, and their average and median values were 12.1 (CV, 2.7%) and 12.0 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Annual TP load, however, apparently deviated from a normal distribution, and the average (0.417 kg ha-1 yr-1; CV, 24%) was larger than median (0.395 kg ha-1 yr-1). At least 8 bulk deposit samplers were needed to obtain TP loads of atmospheric deposition with a CV of less than 5%. The TN loads from the atmosphere to Lake Biwa were estimated to range from 780 to 854 t y-1, whereas the TP load showed a much larger relative range of 20.8 to 42.9 t y-1, indicating that more studies are needed to measure and evaluate the atmospheric deposition of phosphorus.
本研究的目的是评估在可接受的可变性水平上测量污染物的大气沉积所需的散装沉积物取样器的数量。在日本滋贺县琵琶湖附近的一个试验点放置了一套10个散装沉积物采样器，每个采样器每月采集水样。首先，通过在采样器上放置防入侵装置来检测昆虫和凋落物入侵的影响。当使用该装置时，所有的变异指标(变异系数[CV]、偏度和峰度)都比不使用该装置时小。总氮负荷从4月开始增加，6月达到高峰，2月出现次小高峰。溶解态氮、NO3-N和NH4-N的变化趋势相似。总磷在5月达到最大值，此后一直保持较高水平，8月和9月达到第二个峰值。大块沉积物样品的年降水量数据呈正态分布，平均值和中位数为1570 mm -1 (CV, 1.0%)。年全氮负荷也呈正态分布，其平均值和中位数分别为12.1 (CV, 2.7%)和12.0 kg ha-1年-1。年总磷负荷明显偏离正态分布，平均0.417 kg ha-1年-1;CV(24%)大于中位数(0.395 kg ha-1年-1)。要获得CV小于5%的大气沉积总磷负荷，至少需要8个散装沉积物取样器。大气对琵琶湖的全氮负荷量在780 ~ 854 t - y-1之间，而全磷负荷量则在20.8 ~ 42.9 t - y-1之间，这表明对大气中磷沉积的测量和评价还需要进行更多的研究。
{"title":"Using bulk deposit samplers to evaluate pollutant loads from atmospheric deposition","authors":"Nakazawa Koyomi, Kunimatsu Takao, N. Osamu","doi":"10.11190/JER.15.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11190/JER.15.53","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of bulk deposit samplers needed to measure atmospheric deposition of pollutants with an acceptable level of variability. A set of 10 bulk deposit samplers was placed at an experimental site near Lake Biwa in the Shiga Prefecture in Japan, and water samples were collected monthly from each sampler. First, the effects of the intrusion of insects and litter were examined by placing intrusion-prevention devices on the samplers. All measures of variation (coefficient of variation [CV], skewness, and kurtosis) were smaller when the device was used than when it was not. Total nitrogen (TN) loads started to increase in April and peaked in June, with a secondary small peak in February. Levels of dissolved nitrogen, NO3-N, and NH4-N showed similar trends. Total phosphorus (TP) reached a maximum in May, and stayed at a relatively high level until it reached a second peak in August and September. The annual precipitation data obtained from the bulk deposit samplers were normally distributed and had an average and median value of 1570 mm yr-1 (CV, 1.0%). Annual TN loads were also distributed normally, and their average and median values were 12.1 (CV, 2.7%) and 12.0 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Annual TP load, however, apparently deviated from a normal distribution, and the average (0.417 kg ha-1 yr-1; CV, 24%) was larger than median (0.395 kg ha-1 yr-1). At least 8 bulk deposit samplers were needed to obtain TP loads of atmospheric deposition with a CV of less than 5%. The TN loads from the atmosphere to Lake Biwa were estimated to range from 780 to 854 t y-1, whereas the TP load showed a much larger relative range of 20.8 to 42.9 t y-1, indicating that more studies are needed to measure and evaluate the atmospheric deposition of phosphorus.","PeriodicalId":15612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ecotechnology research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87176713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we adopted the Ambul technology which is a traditional knowledge of indigenous people of Kalimantan island-Indonesia to grow various crops on a floating decomposed water hyacinth on wetland ecosystem. The study was focused on the effect of water hyacinth cover on water quality and the growth of aquatic microorganism community. We also tested the utilization of water hyacinth as additional food supply for a cage cultured fish. The investigation of the effect of water hyacinth cover on water quality and the growth of aquatic microorganism community was conducted in 2 experimental ponds nearby our laboratory. One pond was treated with water hyacinth, whereas the other was kept intact without water hyacinth, as a control. Water quality in terms of phosphate, nitrate and BOD and also aquatic microorganisms particularly copepod communities were monitored at both ponds prior and after the introduction of water hyacinth. For the purpose of using water hyacinth as additional food supply for cage cultured fish, we established an experimental fish culture in water hyacinth treated and in non water hyacinth treated cages. Fish growth in terms of their weight and length were monitored for 3 months.
{"title":"The Ambul: an ecotechnology for controlling lake eutrophication and preventing direct load of domestic sewage to the river","authors":"Gumiri Sulmin, Ardianor, Erayani Sita","doi":"10.11190/JER.15.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11190/JER.15.43","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we adopted the Ambul technology which is a traditional knowledge of indigenous people of Kalimantan island-Indonesia to grow various crops on a floating decomposed water hyacinth on wetland ecosystem. The study was focused on the effect of water hyacinth cover on water quality and the growth of aquatic microorganism community. We also tested the utilization of water hyacinth as additional food supply for a cage cultured fish. The investigation of the effect of water hyacinth cover on water quality and the growth of aquatic microorganism community was conducted in 2 experimental ponds nearby our laboratory. One pond was treated with water hyacinth, whereas the other was kept intact without water hyacinth, as a control. Water quality in terms of phosphate, nitrate and BOD and also aquatic microorganisms particularly copepod communities were monitored at both ponds prior and after the introduction of water hyacinth. For the purpose of using water hyacinth as additional food supply for cage cultured fish, we established an experimental fish culture in water hyacinth treated and in non water hyacinth treated cages. Fish growth in terms of their weight and length were monitored for 3 months.","PeriodicalId":15612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ecotechnology research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79884997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distribution of Japanese mitten crab ( Eriocheir japonica (de Haan)) was researched in three river systems in the Imizu plain, central Toyama, and the effects of dams and weirs on the upstream movement of the crabs were examined. Mitten crabs could pass the dams and weirs when the dams or the stream banks below the dams had a gentle slope and a rough surface; sometimes, stems and leaves attached to the dams and slope faces helped crabs climb. Crabs did not pass the dams when such conditions were not present, even if the slopes were only about 1m high. It was confirmed that mitten crabs would reach the most upstream areas if there was no critical obstacle. In the studied rivers, the presence of many dams and weirs worsened the river environment.
研究了富山中部稻津平原3个水系中大闸蟹(Eriocheir japonica (de Haan))的分布，并考察了水坝和堰对大闸蟹上游运动的影响。当水坝或水坝下的河岸坡度平缓、表面粗糙时，大闸蟹可以通过水坝和堰;有时，附着在水坝和斜坡面上的茎和叶帮助螃蟹爬。如果没有这样的条件，即使斜坡只有1米高，螃蟹也不会通过水坝。经证实，如果没有关键障碍，大闸蟹将到达最上游地区。在研究的河流中，许多水坝和堰的存在使河流环境恶化。
{"title":"Effects of dams and weirs to the distribution of Japanese mitten crab in Imizu plain, Toyama","authors":"Takahashi Goichiro, Kuroda Yoshihiro, Hashiguchi Masanao, Senseki Takahisa","doi":"10.11190/JER.15.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11190/JER.15.121","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of Japanese mitten crab ( Eriocheir japonica (de Haan)) was researched in three river systems in the Imizu plain, central Toyama, and the effects of dams and weirs on the upstream movement of the crabs were examined. Mitten crabs could pass the dams and weirs when the dams or the stream banks below the dams had a gentle slope and a rough surface; sometimes, stems and leaves attached to the dams and slope faces helped crabs climb. Crabs did not pass the dams when such conditions were not present, even if the slopes were only about 1m high. It was confirmed that mitten crabs would reach the most upstream areas if there was no critical obstacle. In the studied rivers, the presence of many dams and weirs worsened the river environment.","PeriodicalId":15612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ecotechnology research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79859976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temporal changes in the mutagenicity of roof runoff water","authors":"K. Okugawa","doi":"10.11190/JER.16.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11190/JER.16.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ecotechnology research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82803780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pyrazine- and Diazepine- Substituted Phthalocyanines: Synthesis and Optical Properties by Metal Ion Coordination","authors":"M. Eiki, Hirazawa Ikumi, Kobayashi Manabu","doi":"10.11190/JER.15.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11190/JER.15.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ecotechnology research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91410760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Verification of the Function of Eelgrass Beds in the Stabilization of Bottom Sediment through Field Observations","authors":"A. Moriguchi, N. Takagi, T. Terawaki","doi":"10.11190/JER.14.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11190/JER.14.231","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ecotechnology research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77874788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changes in Surface Air Temperature, Humidity, and Precipitation Over Toyama Prefecture Due to Global Warming","authors":"Hatsushika Hiroaki, Kawamura Ryuichi, Kawasaki Kiyoto, Kido Mizuka, Kondo Takayuki, Mizoguchi Toshiaki, Nakamura Tokuhiro, Oritani Tei-ichi, Tsuchihara Yoshihiro, Yamazaki Takahisa","doi":"10.11190/JER.14.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11190/JER.14.189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ecotechnology research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72748859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tsutsumi Yuya, K. Watari, Satokawa Shigeo, Kojima Toshinori
{"title":"Evaluation of Transportation Fuel from Bioethanol","authors":"Tsutsumi Yuya, K. Watari, Satokawa Shigeo, Kojima Toshinori","doi":"10.11190/JER.15.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11190/JER.15.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ecotechnology research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83359713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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