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Two MADS-box proteins, AGL9 and AGL15, recruit the FIS-PRC2 complex to trigger the phase transition from endosperm proliferation to embryo development in Arabidopsis. 两个 MADS-box 蛋白 AGL9 和 AGL15 招募 FIS-PRC2 复合物,触发拟南芥从胚乳增殖到胚胎发育的阶段转换。
IF 17.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.05.011
Shen Zhang, Devasantosh Mohanty, Adnan Muzaffar, Min Ni

Spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression by polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is critical for animal and plant development. The Arabidopsis fertilization independent seed (FIS)-PRC2 complex functions specifically during plant reproduction from gametogenesis to seed development. After a double fertilization event, triploid endosperm proliferates early, followed by the growth of a diploid embryo, which replaces the endosperm in Arabidopsis and many dicots. Key genes critical for endosperm proliferation such as IKU2 and MINI3 are activated after fertilization. Here we report that two MADS-box AGAMOUS-LIKE (AGL) proteins associate with the key endosperm proliferation loci and recruit the FIS-PRC2 repressive complex at 4-5 days after pollination (DAP). Interestingly, AGL9 and AGL15 only accumulate toward the end of endosperm proliferation at 4-5 DAP and promote the deposition of H3K27me3 marks at key endosperm proliferation loci. Disruption of AGL9 and AGL15 or overexpression of AGL9 or AGL15 significantly influence endosperm proliferation and cellularization. Genome-wide analysis with cleavage Under Targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) sequencing and RNA sequencing revealed the landscape of endosperm H3K27me3 marks and gene expression profiles in Col-0 and agl9 agl15. CUT&Tag qPCR also demonstrated the occupancy of the two MADS-box proteins and FIS-PRC2 on a few representative target loci. Our studies suggest that MADS-box proteins could potentially recruit PRC2 to regulate many other developmental processes in plants or even in fungi and animals.

多角体抑制复合体 2(PRC2)对基因表达的时空调控对动物和植物的发育至关重要。拟南芥的 FIS-PRC2 复合物在从配子发生到种子发育的植物繁殖过程中发挥着独特的功能。在拟南芥和许多双子叶植物中,双受精后,三倍体胚乳早期增殖,随后生长出二倍体胚,取代胚乳。胚乳增殖的关键基因(如 IKU2 和 MINI3)在受精后被激活。在这里,我们报告了两个 MADS-box AGL 蛋白与关键的胚乳增殖基因座相关联,并在授粉后 4 到 5 天(DAP)招募 FIS-PRC2 抑制复合体。在这一阶段转换中,AGL9 和 AGL15 只在胚乳增殖末期(4-5 DAP)积累,并促进 H3K27me3 标记在关键基因组位点的沉积。敲除 AGL9 和 AGL15 或过表达 AGL9 或 AGL15 会显著影响胚乳的增殖和细胞化。利用 CUT&Tag seq 和 RNA-seq 进行的全基因组分析揭示了 Col-0 和 AGL9 AGL15 胚乳 H3K27me3 标记和基因表达谱。CUT&Tag qPCR 还显示了两个 MADS-box 蛋白和 FIS-PRC2 对几个代表性靶基因座的占据。我们的研究表明,MADS-box 蛋白有可能招募 PRC2 来调控许多其他植物物种甚至真菌和动物的各种发育过程。
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引用次数: 0
Plastid engineering with an efficient RNAi delivery system based on bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles enhances plant resistance to cotton bollworm. 基于噬菌体 MS2 病毒样颗粒的高效 RNAi 传递系统的质体工程可增强植物对棉铃虫的抗性。
IF 17.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.05.013
Chunmei Jiang, Jinqiu Fu, Fujun Li, Kai Xia, Shengchun Li, Ling Chang, Ralph Bock, Jiang Zhang
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引用次数: 0
ITPK1 is an InsP6/ADP phosphotransferase that controls phosphate signaling in Arabidopsis. ITPK1是一种InsP6/ADP磷酸转移酶,控制拟南芥中的磷酸盐信号转导。
IF 17.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.05.004
Esther Riemer, Danye Qiu, Debabrata Laha, Robert K Harmel, Philipp Gaugler, Verena Gaugler, Michael Frei, Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei, Nargis Parvin Laha, Lukas Krusenbaum, Robin Schneider, Adolfo Saiardi, Dorothea Fiedler, Henning J Jessen, Gabriel Schaaf, Ricardo F H Giehl
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引用次数: 0
The biosynthetic pathway of the hallucinogen mescaline and its heterologous reconstruction. 致幻剂麦司卡林的生物合成途径及其异源重建。
IF 17.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.05.012
Paula Berman, Luis Alejandro de Haro, Ana-Rita Cavaco, Sayantan Panda, Younghui Dong, Nikolay Kuzmich, Gabriel Lichtenstein, Yoav Peleg, Hila Harat, Adam Jozwiak, Jianghua Cai, Uwe Heinig, Sagit Meir, Ilana Rogachev, Asaph Aharoni

Mescaline, among the earliest identified natural hallucinogens, holds great potential in psychotherapy treatment. Nonetheless, despite the existence of a postulated biosynthetic pathway for more than half a century, the specific enzymes involved in this process are yet to be identified. In this study, we investigated the cactus Lophophora williamsii (Peyote), the largest known natural producer of the phenethylamine mescaline. We employed a multi-faceted approach, combining de novo whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing with comprehensive chemical profiling, enzymatic assays, molecular modeling, and pathway engineering for pathway elucidation. We identified four groups of enzymes responsible for the six catalytic steps in the mescaline biosynthetic pathway, and an N-methyltransferase enzyme that N-methylates all phenethylamine intermediates, likely modulating mescaline levels in Peyote. Finally, we reconstructed the mescaline biosynthetic pathway in both Nicotiana benthamiana plants and yeast cells, providing novel insights into several challenges hindering complete heterologous mescaline production. Taken together, our study opens up avenues for exploration of sustainable production approaches and responsible utilization of mescaline, safeguarding this valuable natural resource for future generations.

麦司卡林是最早发现的天然致幻剂之一,在心理治疗方面具有巨大潜力。然而,尽管假定的生物合成途径已经存在了半个多世纪,但参与这一过程的特定酶仍有待确定。在这里,我们研究了仙人掌 Lophophora williamsii(佩奥特),它是已知最大的天然苯乙胺麦司卡林生产者。我们采用了一种多方面的方法,将全新的全基因组和转录组测序与全面的化学分析、酶测定、分子建模和通路工程相结合,以阐明通路。我们发现了支配麦司卡林六个步骤的四组酶,并就阻碍在植物和酵母异源系统中重建该途径的几个挑战提供了重要见解。此外,我们还发现了一种 N-甲基转移酶,这种酶负责催化一系列 N-甲基苯乙胺的产生,很可能会调节佩奥特中的麦司卡林含量。我们的发现为探索可持续生产方式和负责任的利用方式开辟了道路,为子孙后代保护这一宝贵的自然资源。
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引用次数: 0
Doubled haploid technology and synthetic apomixis: Recent advances and applications in future crop breeding. 双单倍体技术与合成 Apomixis:未来作物育种的最新进展和应用》。
IF 17.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.005
Yanzhi Qu, Alisdair R Fernie, Jie Liu, Jianbing Yan

Doubled haploid (DH) technology and synthetic apomixis approaches can considerably shorten breeding cycles and enhance breeding efficiency. Compared with traditional breeding methods, DH technology offers the advantage of rapidly generating inbred lines, while synthetic apomixis can effectively fix hybrid vigor. In this review, we focus on (i) recent advances in identifying and characterizing genes responsible for haploid induction (HI), (ii) the molecular mechanisms of HI, (iii) spontaneous haploid genome doubling, and (iv) crop synthetic apomixis. We also discuss the challenges and potential solutions for future crop breeding programs utilizing DH technology and synthetic apomixis. Finally, we provide our perspectives about how to integrate DH and synthetic apomixis for precision breeding and de novo domestication.

双单倍体(DH)技术和合成单倍体方法可以大大缩短育种周期,从而提高育种效率。与传统育种方法相比,DH 技术的优势在于能够快速产生近交系,而合成 apomixis 则能有效固定杂交种的活力。在这篇综述中,我们将重点讨论:(i) 在识别和鉴定单倍体诱导(HI)基因方面的最新进展;(ii) HI 的分子机制;(iii) 自发基因组加倍;以及 (iv) 作物合成 apomixis。我们还讨论了利用 DH 技术和合成 apomixis 的未来作物育种计划所面临的挑战和潜在解决方案。最后,我们对将 DH 和合成杂交技术整合到精准育种和从头驯化中提出了自己的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Stabilization or degradation? Post-translational modifications of JAZ proteins in plants. 稳定还是降解?植物中 JAZ 蛋白的翻译后修饰。
IF 17.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.010
Xiaoyan Xu, Jianping Hu, Zheng Yuan
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引用次数: 0
A k-mer-based pangenome approach for cataloging seed-storage-protein genes in wheat to facilitate genotype-to-phenotype prediction and improvement of end-use quality. 基于k-mer的pangenome方法,对小麦种子贮藏蛋白基因进行编目,以促进基因型到表型的预测和最终使用质量的改善。
IF 17.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.05.006
Zhaoheng Zhang, Dan Liu, Binyong Li, Wenxi Wang, Jize Zhang, Mingming Xin, Zhaorong Hu, Jie Liu, Jinkun Du, Huiru Peng, Chenyang Hao, Xueyong Zhang, Zhongfu Ni, Qixin Sun, Weilong Guo, Yingyin Yao

Wheat is a staple food for more than 35% of the world's population, with wheat flour used to make hundreds of baked goods. Superior end-use quality is a major breeding target; however, improving it is especially time-consuming and expensive. Furthermore, genes encoding seed-storage proteins (SSPs) form multi-gene families and are repetitive, with gaps commonplace in several genome assemblies. To overcome these barriers and efficiently identify superior wheat SSP alleles, we developed "PanSK" (Pan-SSP k-mer) for genotype-to-phenotype prediction based on an SSP-based pangenome resource. PanSK uses 29-mer sequences that represent each SSP gene at the pangenomic level to reveal untapped diversity across landraces and modern cultivars. Genome-wide association studies with k-mers identified 23 SSP genes associated with end-use quality that represent novel targets for improvement. We evaluated the effect of rye secalin genes on end-use quality and found that removal of ω-secalins from 1BL/1RS wheat translocation lines is associated with enhanced end-use quality. Finally, using machine-learning-based prediction inspired by PanSK, we predicted the quality phenotypes with high accuracy from genotypes alone. This study provides an effective approach for genome design based on SSP genes, enabling the breeding of wheat varieties with superior processing capabilities and improved end-use quality.

小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)是世界上 35% 以上人口的主食,其面粉用于制作数百种烘焙食品。卓越的最终使用品质是一个主要的育种目标,然而,提高最终使用品质尤其费时费力。此外,编码种子贮藏蛋白(SSP)的基因组成了多基因家族,并且具有重复性,在多个基因组组装中普遍存在空白。为了克服这些障碍并高效鉴定优良的小麦 SSP 等位基因,我们开发了 "PanSK"(Pan-SSP k-mer),用于基于 SSP 的泛基因组资源进行基因型到表型的预测。PanSK 使用在泛基因组水平上代表每个 SSP 基因的 29-mer 序列来揭示陆地品种和现代栽培品种之间尚未开发的多样性。利用 k-mer 进行的全基因组关联研究发现了 23 个与最终使用质量相关的 SSP 基因,这些基因代表了新的改良目标。我们评估了黑麦secalin基因对最终使用质量的影响,发现从1BL/SRS小麦易位系中移除ω-secalins与最终使用质量的提高有关。最后,受 PanSK 的启发,我们利用基于机器学习的预测方法,仅从基因型就能高精度地预测出品质表型。这项研究为基于 SSP 基因的基因组设计提供了一种有效的方法,从而能够培育出加工能力更强、最终使用品质更好的小麦品种。
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引用次数: 0
Progressive meristem and single-cell transcriptomes reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying maize inflorescence development and sex differentiation. 渐进分生组织和单细胞转录组揭示了玉米花序发育和性别分化的调控机制。
IF 17.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.007
Yonghao Sun, Liang Dong, Lu Kang, Wanshun Zhong, David Jackson, Fang Yang

Maize develops separate ear and tassel inflorescences with initially similar morphology but ultimately different architecture and sexuality. The detailed regulatory mechanisms underlying these changes still remain largely unclear. In this study, through analyzing the time-course meristem transcriptomes and floret single-cell transcriptomes of ear and tassel, we revealed the regulatory dynamics and pathways underlying inflorescence development and sex differentiation. We identified 16 diverse gene clusters with differential spatiotemporal expression patterns and revealed biased regulation of redox, programmed cell death, and hormone signals during meristem differentiation between ear and tassel. Notably, based on their dynamic expression patterns, we revealed the roles of two RNA-binding proteins in regulating inflorescence meristem activity and axillary meristem formation. Moreover, using the transcriptional profiles of 53 910 single cells, we uncovered the cellular heterogeneity between ear and tassel florets. We found that multiple signals associated with either enhanced cell death or reduced growth are responsible for tassel pistil suppression, while part of the gibberellic acid signal may act non-cell-autonomously to regulate ear stamen arrest during sex differentiation. We further showed that the pistil-protection gene SILKLESS 1 (SK1) functions antagonistically to the known pistil-suppression genes through regulating common molecular pathways, and constructed a regulatory network for pistil-fate determination. Collectively, our study provides a deep understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying inflorescence development and sex differentiation in maize, laying the foundation for identifying new regulators and pathways for maize hybrid breeding and improvement.

玉米的穗花序和抽穗花序最初形态相似,但最后结构和性状却不同。这些变化背后的详细调控机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。本研究通过分析穗和缨的分生组织转录组和小花单细胞转录组,揭示了花序发育和性别分化的调控动态和途径。我们发现了16个具有不同时空表达模式的基因簇,并揭示了氧化还原、程序性细胞死亡和激素信号对穗和缨之间分生组织分化的偏向调控。特别是,根据它们的动态模式,我们揭示了两种 RNA 结合蛋白在调控花序分生组织活性和腋生分生组织形成中的作用。此外,利用 53,910 个单细胞的转录图谱,我们发现了穗小花和缨小花之间的细胞异质性。我们发现,与细胞死亡增强或生长减弱相关的多种信号是造成穗状花序雌蕊抑制的原因,而部分 GA 信号可能在性分化过程中以非细胞自主的方式调节穗状花序雄蕊的停滞。我们进一步发现,雌蕊保护基因SILKLESS 1(SK1)通过调控共同的分子通路与已知的雌蕊抑制基因起拮抗作用,并构建了雌蕊命运决定的调控模型。总之,我们的研究加深了对玉米花序发育和性别分化调控机制的理解,为确定玉米杂交育种和改良的新调控因子和途径奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Nuclear transport receptors underpin plastidial retrograde signaling. 核转运受体支撑着质体逆行信号转导
IF 17.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.003
Min Jia, Yangnan Gu
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引用次数: 0
Plant triterpenoid saponins function as susceptibility factors to promote the pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea. 植物三萜皂苷作为易感因子可促进灰霉病菌的致病性。
IF 17.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.05.008
Francisco J Escaray, Amelia Felipo-Benavent, Cristian J Antonelli, Begoña Balaguer, Maria Pilar Lopez-Gresa, Pablo Vera

The gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that causes diseases in hundreds of plant species, including high-value crops. Its polyxenous nature and pathogenic success are due to its ability to perceive host signals in its favor. In this study, we found that laticifer cells of Euphorbia lathyris are a source of susceptibility factors required by B. cinerea to cause disease. Consequently, poor-in-latex (pil) mutants, which lack laticifer cells, show full resistance to this pathogen, whereas lot-of-latex mutants, which produce more laticifer cells, are hypersusceptible. These S factors are triterpenoid saponins, which are widely distributed natural products of vast structural diversity. The downregulation of laticifer-specific oxydosqualene cyclase genes, which encode the first committed step enzymes for triterpene and, therefore, saponin biosynthesis, conferred disease resistance to B. cinerea. Likewise, the Medicago truncatula lha-1 mutant, compromised in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis, showed enhanced resistance. Interestingly, the application of different purified triterpenoid saponins pharmacologically complemented the disease-resistant phenotype of pil and hla-1 mutants and enhanced disease susceptibility in different plant species. We found that triterpenoid saponins function as plant cues that signal transcriptional reprogramming in B. cinerea, leading to a change in its growth habit and infection strategy, culminating in the abundant formation of infection cushions, the multicellular appressoria apparatus dedicated to plant penetration and biomass destruction in B. cinerea. Taken together, these results provide an explanation for how plant triterpenoid saponins function as disease susceptibility factors to promote B. cinerea pathogenicity.

灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)是一种坏死性病原体,可导致数百种植物(包括高价值作物)发病。这种多腺性和致病性的成功是由于它能够感知寄主对其有利的信号。我们发现,Euphorbia lathyris 的小叶细胞是 B. cinerea 致病所需的易感因子(S)的来源。因此,缺乏鳞叶细胞的poor-in-latex(pil)突变体对这种病原体表现出完全的抗性,而产生更多鳞叶细胞的lot-of-latex(lol)突变体则易感。这些 S因子是三萜类皂苷,是分布广泛、结构多样的天然产物。下调拉蒂西弗特异性氧代喹啉环化酶(OSCs)基因(OSCs 编码三萜类生物合成的第一步酶,因此也是皂苷生物合成的第一步酶)可增强对 B. cinerea 的抗病性。同样,Medicago truncatula lha-1 突变体的三萜类皂苷生物合成受到影响,但其抗病性有所增强。有趣的是,不同纯化三萜类皂苷的药理应用补充了 pil 和 hla-1 突变体的抗病表型,并增强了不同植物物种对疾病的敏感性。我们发现,三萜类皂苷作为植物线索,可发出信号,对银环孢菌进行转录重编程,从而改变其生长习性和感染策略,最终大量形成感染垫(IC),这是银环孢菌专门用于植物穿透和生物量破坏的多细胞附生器。我们的研究结果解释了植物三萜类皂苷如何作为疾病易感性因子(S)促进 B. cinerea 的致病性。
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引用次数: 0
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Molecular Plant
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