Tetanus is a devastating disease of muscle spasm and autonomic instability with a high mortality. Despite being easily preventable with a highly effective vaccine, tetanus remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide . Our aim of the study was to review the demographic and clinical presentations of tetanus and to study the route of entry, immunization status and outcome of the disease. This study included all cases diagnosed as tetanus in a period of 6 years from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2005. Data of the patients was retrospectively collected from the Medical Records Department of Kasturba medical college hospital, Manipal. The data included details of the patients and clinical findings. The maximum incidence was noted in the age group above 30yrs of age and males were more than females. Incidence among patients of various occupations was higher among those involved in manual work farmers (66.66%) Common clinical manifestations included trismus with the common site of injury was lower Limb. Mortality was found to be higher with increase in severity of the disease and short Incubation period. Poor adherence to immunization schedule in adult population,low level of care administered for minor injuries by the primary health care providers, without keeping in mind the possibility of tetanus and lack of awareness among general public about the immunization schedule and the disease, was probably the reason for a higher incidence of tetanus in this country compared to the west. Severe tetanus had a higher mortality than moderate tetanus. The mortality of patients with tetanus remained phenomenally high (23.33%), the reason for which had to be elucidated with further prospective studies.
{"title":"A Retrospective Clinical Study Of Factors Affecting Tetanus","authors":"L. Ramachandra, K. Shobha, P. Kannan","doi":"10.5580/1d03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1d03","url":null,"abstract":"Tetanus is a devastating disease of muscle spasm and autonomic instability with a high mortality. Despite being easily preventable with a highly effective vaccine, tetanus remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide . Our aim of the study was to review the demographic and clinical presentations of tetanus and to study the route of entry, immunization status and outcome of the disease. This study included all cases diagnosed as tetanus in a period of 6 years from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2005. Data of the patients was retrospectively collected from the Medical Records Department of Kasturba medical college hospital, Manipal. The data included details of the patients and clinical findings. The maximum incidence was noted in the age group above 30yrs of age and males were more than females. Incidence among patients of various occupations was higher among those involved in manual work farmers (66.66%) Common clinical manifestations included trismus with the common site of injury was lower Limb. Mortality was found to be higher with increase in severity of the disease and short Incubation period. Poor adherence to immunization schedule in adult population,low level of care administered for minor injuries by the primary health care providers, without keeping in mind the possibility of tetanus and lack of awareness among general public about the immunization schedule and the disease, was probably the reason for a higher incidence of tetanus in this country compared to the west. Severe tetanus had a higher mortality than moderate tetanus. The mortality of patients with tetanus remained phenomenally high (23.33%), the reason for which had to be elucidated with further prospective studies.","PeriodicalId":22514,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90924806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. L. França, Alfredo Pereira Junior, S. L. Oliveira, A. Honório-França
In this work we studied the chronoimmunomodulation effect of melatonin on blood phagocytes. This cells stimulated with melatonin and incubated with EPEC presented enhanced superoxide. Mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) phagocytes stimulated with melatonin in the presence of bacteria showed enhanced superoxide release.EPEC killing by MN phagocytes stimulated with melatonin was time dependent. The highest bactericidal index were observed over the period of 60 and 120 minutes of incubation. PMN phagocytes stimulated with melatonin, independently of time, showed increased in the bactericidal activity. Interactions between melatonin and phagocytes support the hypothesis of pineal chronomodulation microbicidal processes.
{"title":"Chronoimmunomodulation of melatonin on bactericidal activity of human blood phagocytes","authors":"E. L. França, Alfredo Pereira Junior, S. L. Oliveira, A. Honório-França","doi":"10.5580/7fd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/7fd","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we studied the chronoimmunomodulation effect of melatonin on blood phagocytes. This cells stimulated with melatonin and incubated with EPEC presented enhanced superoxide. Mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) phagocytes stimulated with melatonin in the presence of bacteria showed enhanced superoxide release.EPEC killing by MN phagocytes stimulated with melatonin was time dependent. The highest bactericidal index were observed over the period of 60 and 120 minutes of incubation. PMN phagocytes stimulated with melatonin, independently of time, showed increased in the bactericidal activity. Interactions between melatonin and phagocytes support the hypothesis of pineal chronomodulation microbicidal processes.","PeriodicalId":22514,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of microbiology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81642194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Bioactive molecules have been identified from accessory gland secretions in insects. Antibacterial properties are identified in secretions of insect reproductive system.Study design: Antibacterial screening of male accessory reproductive gland (MARG) secretions in red palm weevil, R. ferrugineus was conducted by disc diffusion sensitivity method against eight bacterial species.Result: Accessory gland secretions showed antibacterial property as growth inhibition zones in all bacteria used in this study.Conclusion: Antimicrobial property of MARG may be evolved to protect the gametes during mating since reproductive tract is also route of microbial invasion in insects.
{"title":"Detection of antimicrobial activity in accessory gland secretions of the virgin male red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus","authors":"Leenamma Joseph, V. S. Josekumar, P. V. George","doi":"10.5580/abd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/abd","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bioactive molecules have been identified from accessory gland secretions in insects. Antibacterial properties are identified in secretions of insect reproductive system.Study design: Antibacterial screening of male accessory reproductive gland (MARG) secretions in red palm weevil, R. ferrugineus was conducted by disc diffusion sensitivity method against eight bacterial species.Result: Accessory gland secretions showed antibacterial property as growth inhibition zones in all bacteria used in this study.Conclusion: Antimicrobial property of MARG may be evolved to protect the gametes during mating since reproductive tract is also route of microbial invasion in insects.","PeriodicalId":22514,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of microbiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87220543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fungal species with cellulase activity was isolated from the soil using standard procedures. Two isolates were found to produce relatively high amount of cellulase. The production of cellulase by the two isolates was achieved in liquid shake culture containing Carboxymethyl cellulose as substrate. The filter paper activity and CMCase activity of the two isolates were also compared. The 9 day culture filtrate of the two isolates also exhibited highest activity. Ethanol production was checked in the media containing CMC as substrate after saccharification and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The ethanol yield was found to be maximum on the 9 day culture of both the isolates. Thus the current work deals with comparison of cellulase activity of the two isolates and alcohol production of two isolates by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.
{"title":"Bioconversion of cellulose into fermentable sugars by Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for the production of ethanol using Cellulolytic fungi isolated from soil","authors":"R. Devi, S. Shankar","doi":"10.5580/1620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1620","url":null,"abstract":"The fungal species with cellulase activity was isolated from the soil using standard procedures. Two isolates were found to produce relatively high amount of cellulase. The production of cellulase by the two isolates was achieved in liquid shake culture containing Carboxymethyl cellulose as substrate. The filter paper activity and CMCase activity of the two isolates were also compared. The 9 day culture filtrate of the two isolates also exhibited highest activity. Ethanol production was checked in the media containing CMC as substrate after saccharification and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The ethanol yield was found to be maximum on the 9 day culture of both the isolates. Thus the current work deals with comparison of cellulase activity of the two isolates and alcohol production of two isolates by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.","PeriodicalId":22514,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of microbiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84345641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Growther, J. Hena, I. Sagayaraj, K. Kishore, V. Kumar
Water is one of the potential carriers of pathogenic microorganisms and can endanger health and life of humans and animals. About 50% of deaths (4.6 million) in children under 5 years of age occur due to diarrhoeal diseases caused by drinking polluted water. Kudoh and Zen-Yoji Studied 7 outbreaks of diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli serotype O11 and O159, out of which two outbreaks were caused by contaminated water supply. In India, more than 70% of the epidemic emergencies are either waterborne or water related. Although a substantial amount of work has been carried out on common water-borne pathogens in India, unfortunately only a little information is available on the emerging waterborne pathogens. A regular surveillance of resource and drinking water is one of the major mainstays of containing dreaded and often fatal waterborne diseases.The use of antibiotics to combat these infections is a very common practice. The drug resistance displayed by Escherichia coli is indicative of indiscriminate use of antibiotics. This warrants the initiation of steps to prevent public health hazards. Resistance of Escherichia coli to antibiotics is not only an obstacle for the control of this infection but also poses a great threat to public health through transferable resistance determinant (R-factor) on enteric flora or other enterobacteria in man through direct colonization with resistant bacteria. The aim of the study was to isolate, serogroup and examine the antibiogram of Escherichia coli, present in drinking water sources in Coimbatore.
{"title":"Enterotoxigenic E.coli In Coimbatore Drinking Water","authors":"L. Growther, J. Hena, I. Sagayaraj, K. Kishore, V. Kumar","doi":"10.5580/1bd2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1bd2","url":null,"abstract":"Water is one of the potential carriers of pathogenic microorganisms and can endanger health and life of humans and animals. About 50% of deaths (4.6 million) in children under 5 years of age occur due to diarrhoeal diseases caused by drinking polluted water. Kudoh and Zen-Yoji Studied 7 outbreaks of diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli serotype O11 and O159, out of which two outbreaks were caused by contaminated water supply. In India, more than 70% of the epidemic emergencies are either waterborne or water related. Although a substantial amount of work has been carried out on common water-borne pathogens in India, unfortunately only a little information is available on the emerging waterborne pathogens. A regular surveillance of resource and drinking water is one of the major mainstays of containing dreaded and often fatal waterborne diseases.The use of antibiotics to combat these infections is a very common practice. The drug resistance displayed by Escherichia coli is indicative of indiscriminate use of antibiotics. This warrants the initiation of steps to prevent public health hazards. Resistance of Escherichia coli to antibiotics is not only an obstacle for the control of this infection but also poses a great threat to public health through transferable resistance determinant (R-factor) on enteric flora or other enterobacteria in man through direct colonization with resistant bacteria. The aim of the study was to isolate, serogroup and examine the antibiogram of Escherichia coli, present in drinking water sources in Coimbatore.","PeriodicalId":22514,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of microbiology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86313402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work we studied the internal remodeling of the tibia, induced by the volleyball. It is shown that after a long time, the tibia of the athlete will be stren-gthened, that is it will be more stiff and less porous. The result is theoretical, based on a proposed theory of internal bone remodeling (Hegedus and Cowin, 1976) and comes in accordance with several clinical findings (Fehling et., al.,1995; Calbet et., al., 1999; Rittweger et., al.,2000; Ito et., al.,2001).In their studies, as the bone mineral den-sity (BMD) as the muscle strength indices (MBSI) of the tibia of the volleyball pla-yers were evaluated and they were significant higher, than the corresponding clini-cal findings of the normally active control subjects.
在这项工作中，我们研究了排球引起的胫骨内部重塑。由此可见，经过长时间的锻炼，运动员的胫骨会得到加强，也就是说，它会更僵硬，更少多孔。该结果是理论性的，基于提出的内部骨重塑理论(Hegedus和Cowin, 1976)，并与一些临床发现相一致(Fehling等，al.，1995;Calbet et al.， 1999;Rittweger等人，2000;伊藤等人，2001)。在他们的研究中，对排球运动员胫骨的骨矿物质密度(BMD)和肌肉力量指数(MBSI)进行了评估，发现它们明显高于正常运动的对照受试者的相应临床结果。
{"title":"The Hyperthrophy Of The Tibia Induced By The Volley-Ball .","authors":"M. Tsili","doi":"10.5580/1ca8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1ca8","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we studied the internal remodeling of the tibia, induced by the volleyball. It is shown that after a long time, the tibia of the athlete will be stren-gthened, that is it will be more stiff and less porous. The result is theoretical, based on a proposed theory of internal bone remodeling (Hegedus and Cowin, 1976) and comes in accordance with several clinical findings (Fehling et., al.,1995; Calbet et., al., 1999; Rittweger et., al.,2000; Ito et., al.,2001).In their studies, as the bone mineral den-sity (BMD) as the muscle strength indices (MBSI) of the tibia of the volleyball pla-yers were evaluated and they were significant higher, than the corresponding clini-cal findings of the normally active control subjects.","PeriodicalId":22514,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of microbiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87401233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A compound was isolated from ethyl acetate leaf extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Flem. and identified as ά-(2-hydroxy-2methylpropyl)-ω-[2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl] polymethylene by UV, IR, NMR, HPLC and GC/MS and evaluated for antifungal efficacy by Agar and broth dilution methods against clinical dermatophytes (viz., Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum). In agar dilution method, T. tonsurans was inhibited only at 400 μg/ml concentration of the compound, whereas all others were inhibited even at low concentrations; optimum pH was 6.0; size of the colonies of the fungi deceased when inoculum size decreased from 10 to 10 spores/ml with increase with compound concentration from 100 to 400 μg/ml. In broth dilution method, mycelial dry weight of all test fungi decreased with the increase in the concentration of the compound; optimum pH was 6.5; decline in biomass of all fungi along with increase in concentration of the compound were observed which were significantly different (p<.05). The dermatophytes used in this study are the most common and widespread of this group and since, there is no scientific evidence to support the medical use of ά-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-ω-[2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl] polymethylene, further studies are needed in order to elucidate the mechanism(s) of action of these compounds and their derivatives, as well as the antimicrobial activity against other microbial strain in particularly antibiotic resistant dermatophytes.
{"title":"Evaluation of antidermatophytic activity of ά-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-ω-[2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl] polymethylene - the compound isolated from Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Flem.","authors":"K. Sagar, G. Vidyasagar","doi":"10.5580/19cf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/19cf","url":null,"abstract":"A compound was isolated from ethyl acetate leaf extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Flem. and identified as ά-(2-hydroxy-2methylpropyl)-ω-[2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl] polymethylene by UV, IR, NMR, HPLC and GC/MS and evaluated for antifungal efficacy by Agar and broth dilution methods against clinical dermatophytes (viz., Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum). In agar dilution method, T. tonsurans was inhibited only at 400 μg/ml concentration of the compound, whereas all others were inhibited even at low concentrations; optimum pH was 6.0; size of the colonies of the fungi deceased when inoculum size decreased from 10 to 10 spores/ml with increase with compound concentration from 100 to 400 μg/ml. In broth dilution method, mycelial dry weight of all test fungi decreased with the increase in the concentration of the compound; optimum pH was 6.5; decline in biomass of all fungi along with increase in concentration of the compound were observed which were significantly different (p<.05). The dermatophytes used in this study are the most common and widespread of this group and since, there is no scientific evidence to support the medical use of ά-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-ω-[2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl] polymethylene, further studies are needed in order to elucidate the mechanism(s) of action of these compounds and their derivatives, as well as the antimicrobial activity against other microbial strain in particularly antibiotic resistant dermatophytes.","PeriodicalId":22514,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of microbiology","volume":"889 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78050745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbial pigments are secondary metabolites, which are produced during stationary or late log phase by a variety of microorganisms. M. purpureus MTCC 410 produces an extracellular red pigment in solid state fermentation on cooked autoclaved rice and MEA supplemented with ammonium nitrate. Pigment was extracted with ethanol and further quantified by taking OD at 500 nm. Anaerobic condition and low oxygen pressure inhibited Monascus growth as well as pigment production. Monascus pigment extracted from solid-state fermentation was less sensitive to light than from submerged fermentation. Purified red pigment is thermolabile over 70 oC heating and show a colour change from red to blackish when exposed to 100 oC for 15 min. Stability of the pigment at high temperature and low pH can be enhanced by modifying nitrogen source and substrate for culturing M. purpureus MTCC410.
{"title":"Production and evaluation of physicochemical properties of red pigment from Monascus purpureus MTCC 410","authors":"Baljinder Kaur, Debkumar Chakraborty, Harbinder Kaur","doi":"10.5580/d4a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/d4a","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial pigments are secondary metabolites, which are produced during stationary or late log phase by a variety of microorganisms. M. purpureus MTCC 410 produces an extracellular red pigment in solid state fermentation on cooked autoclaved rice and MEA supplemented with ammonium nitrate. Pigment was extracted with ethanol and further quantified by taking OD at 500 nm. Anaerobic condition and low oxygen pressure inhibited Monascus growth as well as pigment production. Monascus pigment extracted from solid-state fermentation was less sensitive to light than from submerged fermentation. Purified red pigment is thermolabile over 70 oC heating and show a colour change from red to blackish when exposed to 100 oC for 15 min. Stability of the pigment at high temperature and low pH can be enhanced by modifying nitrogen source and substrate for culturing M. purpureus MTCC410.","PeriodicalId":22514,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of microbiology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72915673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jagruti C. Patel, J. Bhatt, V. A. Javiya, Kamlesh Patel
Objectives: Present study was undertaken to assess antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Enterobacteriaceae at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India. Methods: Out of 276 culture positive samples, 154 samples of Enterbacteriaceae were examined and 11 different types of specimen were collected. Microbial sensitivity testing was done using disk diffusion test with Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Highest Enterobacteriacae infections were found in urine followed by pus and sputum. Enterobacteriacae species demonstrated marked resistance against monotherapy of penicillins and cephalosporins. Combination of ampicillin, amoxicillin and third generation cephalosporins with sulbactam and monotherapy of amikacin showed higher sensitivity to Enterobacteriacae infections but maximum sensitivity was shown by carbapenems. Conclusions: Urinary tract infection was the most common hospital acquired infection. Co-administration of -lactamase inhibitor markedly expanded the anti-microbial sensitivity of penicillins and cephalosporins. Use of amikacin and carbapenems should be restricted to severe nosocomial infections to avoid rapid emergence of resistant strains.
{"title":"Anti-Microbial Susceptibility Patterns of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From A Tertiary Care Unit In Gujarat","authors":"Jagruti C. Patel, J. Bhatt, V. A. Javiya, Kamlesh Patel","doi":"10.5580/b2b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/b2b","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Present study was undertaken to assess antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Enterobacteriaceae at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India. Methods: Out of 276 culture positive samples, 154 samples of Enterbacteriaceae were examined and 11 different types of specimen were collected. Microbial sensitivity testing was done using disk diffusion test with Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Highest Enterobacteriacae infections were found in urine followed by pus and sputum. Enterobacteriacae species demonstrated marked resistance against monotherapy of penicillins and cephalosporins. Combination of ampicillin, amoxicillin and third generation cephalosporins with sulbactam and monotherapy of amikacin showed higher sensitivity to Enterobacteriacae infections but maximum sensitivity was shown by carbapenems. Conclusions: Urinary tract infection was the most common hospital acquired infection. Co-administration of -lactamase inhibitor markedly expanded the anti-microbial sensitivity of penicillins and cephalosporins. Use of amikacin and carbapenems should be restricted to severe nosocomial infections to avoid rapid emergence of resistant strains.","PeriodicalId":22514,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of microbiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75046358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioprospecting is one of the prominent areas of research of commercial and valuable compounds, as it provides alternative sources of these compounds. One of the most persuasive methods for bioprospecting is through molecular phylogenetics analysis. Enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of these compounds are considered as a base for bioprospecting. In this paper, an attempt has been made to find alternative sources for valuable compound taxol by comparative phylogenetics analysis using enzymes physiochemical data and sequence data. Dendogram was generated through physiochemical data whereas phylogenetic tree was generated through sequence data. Consequently after comparison four different organisms, Fungal BT2, OzoniumT2, Abies grandis and Ginkgo biloba, have been observed to be related to taxus plants both sequencially and physiochemically.
{"title":"Comparative Phylogenetics Approach for Discovering Alternative Source of Taxol","authors":"S. Kushwaha, P. Chauhan, M. Shakya","doi":"10.5580/78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/78","url":null,"abstract":"Bioprospecting is one of the prominent areas of research of commercial and valuable compounds, as it provides alternative sources of these compounds. One of the most persuasive methods for bioprospecting is through molecular phylogenetics analysis. Enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of these compounds are considered as a base for bioprospecting. In this paper, an attempt has been made to find alternative sources for valuable compound taxol by comparative phylogenetics analysis using enzymes physiochemical data and sequence data. Dendogram was generated through physiochemical data whereas phylogenetic tree was generated through sequence data. Consequently after comparison four different organisms, Fungal BT2, OzoniumT2, Abies grandis and Ginkgo biloba, have been observed to be related to taxus plants both sequencially and physiochemically.","PeriodicalId":22514,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of microbiology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85853458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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