Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115006
E.V. Rut'kov, E.Y. Afanas'eva, N.R. Gall
The activation energy of adsorbed silicon diffusion from the W (100) surface into the bulk has been measured by means of Auger electron spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption. The value of activation energy is changed from 5.5 to 5.2 eV in the submonolayer coverage range of θ = 0.75–0.95. This value is sharply decreased to 3.1 eV after formation of monolayer coverage (surface silicide WSi).
{"title":"Silicon diffusion between W(100) surface and the bulk: sharp decrease in the activation energy after surface silicide formation","authors":"E.V. Rut'kov, E.Y. Afanas'eva, N.R. Gall","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The activation energy of adsorbed silicon diffusion from the W (100) surface into the bulk has been measured by means of Auger electron spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption. The value of activation energy is changed from 5.5 to 5.2 eV in the submonolayer coverage range of <em>θ</em> = 0.75–0.95. This value is sharply decreased to 3.1 eV after formation of monolayer coverage (surface silicide WSi).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 115006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115007
Cechen Zhao , Wenge Chen , Zijian Liu , Shirun Chen , Wei Zheng , Yingrui Ni
To address poor composition-property matching and high cost limiting AuAgCu alloy applications, this study uses vacuum melting, directional solidification and drawing to fabricate low-gold Au30Ag40Cu30 alloy, systematically investigating its microstructural evolution and properties under different processing conditions. The results indicate that the as-cast alloy consists of a needle-like Ag-rich phase and block-shaped AuCu phase, which form a coherent interface. Following directional solidification, grain growth occurs preferentially along the <111> orientation, resulting in refined grains and a reduction in transverse grain boundaries. After drawing deformation, a fibrous microstructure is developed, further grain refinement is achieved, and dislocation density increases significantly. The tensile strengths of the alloy in the as-cast, directionally solidified, and drawn states are 553.6 MPa, 707.3 MPa, and 768.58 MPa, respectively, while the corresponding electrical conductivities are 8.0 × 106 S/m, 9.76 × 106 S/m, and 5.93 × 106 S/m, respectively. The improved synergy between mechanical and electrical properties arises from the fibrous Ag-rich phase facilitating electron transport and the dispersed AuCu phase contributing to precipitation strengthening. This also ensures that the Au30Ag40Cu30 alloy wire exhibits low signal transmission loss, short time delay, and high accuracy at frequencies below 3 GHz.
{"title":"Synergistic regulation of properties and phase geometry of the Au30Ag40Cu30 alloy","authors":"Cechen Zhao , Wenge Chen , Zijian Liu , Shirun Chen , Wei Zheng , Yingrui Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address poor composition-property matching and high cost limiting AuAgCu alloy applications, this study uses vacuum melting, directional solidification and drawing to fabricate low-gold Au30Ag40Cu30 alloy, systematically investigating its microstructural evolution and properties under different processing conditions. The results indicate that the as-cast alloy consists of a needle-like Ag-rich phase and block-shaped AuCu phase, which form a coherent interface. Following directional solidification, grain growth occurs preferentially along the <111> orientation, resulting in refined grains and a reduction in transverse grain boundaries. After drawing deformation, a fibrous microstructure is developed, further grain refinement is achieved, and dislocation density increases significantly. The tensile strengths of the alloy in the as-cast, directionally solidified, and drawn states are 553.6 MPa, 707.3 MPa, and 768.58 MPa, respectively, while the corresponding electrical conductivities are 8.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> S/m, 9.76 × 10<sup>6</sup> S/m, and 5.93 × 10<sup>6</sup> S/m, respectively. The improved synergy between mechanical and electrical properties arises from the fibrous Ag-rich phase facilitating electron transport and the dispersed AuCu phase contributing to precipitation strengthening. This also ensures that the Au30Ag40Cu30 alloy wire exhibits low signal transmission loss, short time delay, and high accuracy at frequencies below 3 GHz.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 115007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114940
Xiang Li , Anmin Li , Shier Wu , Qingping Sui , Zhengliang Wang , Zhuofang Huang , Shiwei Jiang
Through optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tensile testing, The effects of in-situ ZrB2 ceramic particles and rare earth La on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-5.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Ag alloys have been investigated. Additionally, their synergistic strengthening effect was analyzed. The results show that the Al6Cu6La phase formed after the addition of rare earth La affects the mechanical properties of the composite. With the introduction of La and ZrB2 particles, the average grain size decreases to 28.8 μm, and the strength of the composite improves significantly. When the introduction of ZrB2 reaches 3 wt%, the tensile properties are greatly improved at room temperature and 350 °C, and the tensile strength are 446.9 MPa and 176.6 MPa, respectively. However, When the introduction of ZrB2 exceeds 3 wt%, large particle agglomeration alters the morphology and distribution of excess second phases along the grain boundaries, subsequently affecting the alloy's properties.
{"title":"The effects of in-situ ZrB2 nanoparticles and La on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al-5.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Ag alloy","authors":"Xiang Li , Anmin Li , Shier Wu , Qingping Sui , Zhengliang Wang , Zhuofang Huang , Shiwei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Through optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tensile testing, The effects of in-situ ZrB<sub>2</sub> ceramic particles and rare earth La on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-5.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Ag alloys have been investigated. Additionally, their synergistic strengthening effect was analyzed. The results show that the Al<sub>6</sub>Cu<sub>6</sub>La phase formed after the addition of rare earth La affects the mechanical properties of the composite. With the introduction of La and ZrB<sub>2</sub> particles, the average grain size decreases to 28.8 μm, and the strength of the composite improves significantly. When the introduction of ZrB<sub>2</sub> reaches 3 wt%, the tensile properties are greatly improved at room temperature and 350 °C, and the tensile strength are 446.9 MPa and 176.6 MPa, respectively. However, When the introduction of ZrB<sub>2</sub> exceeds 3 wt%, large particle agglomeration alters the morphology and distribution of excess second phases along the grain boundaries, subsequently affecting the alloy's properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114940"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanism of the latent track formation in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) structures with 15 nm thick buried HfO2:Al2O3 (15:1) interlayers were investigated under the irradiation with swift Xe+26 (150 MeV) and Bi+51 (670 MeV) ions. The ion fluence was 2 × 1011 cm−2. The SOI- and SOS-structures were prepared by direct wafer bonding and a subsequent hydrogen induced transfer of 500 nm thick Si layer-coated HfO2:Al2O3 stacks by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The structural changes in the layers after irradiation were studied using cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (X-HRTEM). In the high-k interlayer, the swift ion implantation produces molten ion tracks, which form bulging regions in the interlayers. Using a liquid diffusivity of ∼10−4 cm2/s and bulging height ∼1 nm, it gives the recrystallization time for HfO2:Al2O3/Si interfaces of about 100 ps. We suggest that the bulge direction observed by X-HRTEM should be determined by the molten density of substrate material: 9 % higher in the case of silicon and 45 % lower for molten alumina. The ion track sizes in silicon were estimated from the bulging diameters size. These dimensions were about 4–6 and 6–9 nm wide in the case of Xe+ and Bi+ ions, respectively. The electrical parameters of SOI-structures were compared with the same for SOS devices.
{"title":"Unravel of latent tracks in SOI- and SOS-structures with a high-k interlayer after impacts of swift heavy Xe and Bi ions","authors":"V.P. Popov , V.A. Antonov , V.E. Zhilitskiy , A.K. Gutakovskii , V.A. Vdovin , A.V. Miakonkikh , K.V. Rudenko","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanism of the latent track formation in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) structures with 15 nm thick buried HfO<sub>2</sub>:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (15:1) interlayers were investigated under the irradiation with swift Xe<sup>+26</sup> (150 MeV) and Bi<sup>+51</sup> (670 MeV) ions. The ion fluence was 2 × 10<sup>11</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>. The SOI- and SOS-structures were prepared by direct wafer bonding and a subsequent hydrogen induced transfer of 500 nm thick Si layer-coated HfO<sub>2</sub>:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> stacks by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The structural changes in the layers after irradiation were studied using cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (X-HRTEM). In the high-k interlayer, the swift ion implantation produces molten ion tracks, which form bulging regions in the interlayers. Using a liquid diffusivity of ∼10<sup>−4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s and bulging height ∼1 nm, it gives the recrystallization time for HfO<sub>2</sub>:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Si interfaces of about 100 ps. We suggest that the bulge direction observed by X-HRTEM should be determined by the molten density of substrate material: 9 % higher in the case of silicon and 45 % lower for molten alumina. The ion track sizes in silicon were estimated from the bulging diameters size. These dimensions were about 4–6 and 6–9 nm wide in the case of Xe<sup>+</sup> and Bi<sup>+</sup> ions, respectively. The electrical parameters of SOI-structures were compared with the same for SOS devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 115008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Upgrading the LEMPUS-2 experimental facility at Novosibirsk State University—specifically its vacuum-pumping capabilities and diagnostic tools—enabled a comprehensive investigation of gas outflow from various nozzle blocks. Photographic flow visualization was used to examine interaction features of a two-nozzle block jet at different stagnation-to-ambient pressure ratios, as well as at different spacings between geometrically identical nozzles. The influence of cluster formation on the gas dynamics of the interacting jets was also analyzed.
{"title":"Laboratory simulation of supersonic rarefied binary gas jets under conditions of strong cluster formation","authors":"A.S. Yaskin, A.E. Zarvin, K.A. Dubrovin, V.V. Kalyada, E.D. Dering","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Upgrading the LEMPUS-2 experimental facility at Novosibirsk State University—specifically its vacuum-pumping capabilities and diagnostic tools—enabled a comprehensive investigation of gas outflow from various nozzle blocks. Photographic flow visualization was used to examine interaction features of a two-nozzle block jet at different stagnation-to-ambient pressure ratios, as well as at different spacings between geometrically identical nozzles. The influence of cluster formation on the gas dynamics of the interacting jets was also analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 115005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115004
A.N. Zinoviev, P. Yu Babenko, V.S. Mikhailov, A.V. Smaev
The main objective of this study was to propose an analytical model for calculating sputtering yields and the energy of sputtered particles during the bombardment of solid targets with light atoms. The need for such a model is also linked to the importance of light atom sputtering of various materials for solving the problem of first-wall stability in thermonuclear research.
The paper proposes a method for calculating the sputtering yields under bombardment of the Be and W targets with light atoms (H, D, T, and He) at normal incidence. At low energies, the dominant contribution to sputtering comes from sputtering of near-surface layers with a flow of backscattered beam atoms. The model employs clear physical parameters, namely, cross section of formation of knocked-out atoms with above-threshold energies, reflection coefficient, knockout atom range in the matter, and target density. Behavior of the near-threshold sputtering yield may be adequately described by taking into account the reflected particle energy spectrum. At high collision energies, the reflection coefficient is significantly lower, and the cascade sputtering mechanism proposed by Sigmund also contributes to sputtering yield. By summing the contributions of both mechanisms, it is possible to get quantitative description of the sputtering yield dependence on the collision energy over a wide range of projectile energy.
To test the model, it was used to calculate the dependence of average sputtered particle energy on the projectile energy. Accounting for the energy spectrum of backscattered incident ions and analyzing the contributions of possible sputtering mechanisms, we succeeded in achieving a good agreement with the computer simulation results.
Data on sputtering yields for light atoms bombarding Be and W targets, as well as on average energy of sputtered particles, are necessary to model the entry of impurities into the ITER tokamak plasma.
{"title":"Theory of solids sputtering with light atoms","authors":"A.N. Zinoviev, P. Yu Babenko, V.S. Mikhailov, A.V. Smaev","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main objective of this study was to propose an analytical model for calculating sputtering yields and the energy of sputtered particles during the bombardment of solid targets with light atoms. The need for such a model is also linked to the importance of light atom sputtering of various materials for solving the problem of first-wall stability in thermonuclear research.</div><div>The paper proposes a method for calculating the sputtering yields under bombardment of the Be and W targets with light atoms (H, D, T, and He) at normal incidence. At low energies, the dominant contribution to sputtering comes from sputtering of near-surface layers with a flow of backscattered beam atoms. The model employs clear physical parameters, namely, cross section of formation of knocked-out atoms with above-threshold energies, reflection coefficient, knockout atom range in the matter, and target density. Behavior of the near-threshold sputtering yield may be adequately described by taking into account the reflected particle energy spectrum. At high collision energies, the reflection coefficient is significantly lower, and the cascade sputtering mechanism proposed by Sigmund also contributes to sputtering yield. By summing the contributions of both mechanisms, it is possible to get quantitative description of the sputtering yield dependence on the collision energy over a wide range of projectile energy.</div><div>To test the model, it was used to calculate the dependence of average sputtered particle energy on the projectile energy. Accounting for the energy spectrum of backscattered incident ions and analyzing the contributions of possible sputtering mechanisms, we succeeded in achieving a good agreement with the computer simulation results.</div><div>Data on sputtering yields for light atoms bombarding Be and W targets, as well as on average energy of sputtered particles, are necessary to model the entry of impurities into the ITER tokamak plasma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 115004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115002
Junzheng Liu , Yingxiang Liu , Kang Lu , Xinwei Bo , Qi Liu , Xiaoyu Wang , Jian Tu , Yingrui Liu
Most prior studies on TiN modifications have seldom achieved concurrent optimization of mechanical, tribological, and antibacterial properties under comparable compositions within a single deposition route. To address the clinical need for multifunctional surface engineering of orthopedic implants, Cu-doped TiN coatings were synthesized by hybrid arc ion plating/magnetron sputtering (AIP/MS). We systematically investigated the influence of Cu content (0–3.2 at.%) on the microstructure, mechanical, tribological, and biological properties of TiCuN coatings. Microstructural analysis revealed that increasing Cu content induced a shift in the TiN (111) peak, indicating lattice distortion. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirmed the formation of Cu nanoclusters within the TiN matrix. The TiCuN coating with 1.4 at.% Cu (S3) demonstrated the optimal property balance, including a hardness of 35.6 GPa, a friction coefficient of 0.229, and an ultra-low wear rate (0.25 × 10−7 mm3/(N·m)). These superior tribological properties were attributed to its enhanced mechanics and the formation of a self-lubricating TiO2/CuO tribofilm. Biological assays showed no cytotoxicity to human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and significantly promoted their proliferation. Furthermore, all Cu-doped coatings exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). This study provides a novel strategy for designing multifunctional TiN-based coatings through low-level Cu doping, achieving a synergy of mechanical robustness, wear resistance, and antibacterial efficacy suitable for orthopedic implant applications.
{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of Cu-doped TiN nanocomposite coatings for orthopedic implants","authors":"Junzheng Liu , Yingxiang Liu , Kang Lu , Xinwei Bo , Qi Liu , Xiaoyu Wang , Jian Tu , Yingrui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most prior studies on TiN modifications have seldom achieved concurrent optimization of mechanical, tribological, and antibacterial properties under comparable compositions within a single deposition route. To address the clinical need for multifunctional surface engineering of orthopedic implants, Cu-doped TiN coatings were synthesized by hybrid arc ion plating/magnetron sputtering (AIP/MS). We systematically investigated the influence of Cu content (0–3.2 at.%) on the microstructure, mechanical, tribological, and biological properties of TiCuN coatings. Microstructural analysis revealed that increasing Cu content induced a shift in the TiN (111) peak, indicating lattice distortion. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirmed the formation of Cu nanoclusters within the TiN matrix. The TiCuN coating with 1.4 at.% Cu (S3) demonstrated the optimal property balance, including a hardness of 35.6 GPa, a friction coefficient of 0.229, and an ultra-low wear rate (0.25 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(N·m)). These superior tribological properties were attributed to its enhanced mechanics and the formation of a self-lubricating TiO<sub>2</sub>/CuO tribofilm. Biological assays showed no cytotoxicity to human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and significantly promoted their proliferation. Furthermore, all Cu-doped coatings exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both <em>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</em> and <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em>. This study provides a novel strategy for designing multifunctional TiN-based coatings through low-level Cu doping, achieving a synergy of mechanical robustness, wear resistance, and antibacterial efficacy suitable for orthopedic implant applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 115002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115003
Qiaoling Wang , Menghao Jiang , Jie Liu , Zhipeng Yuan , Yiyou Tu , Hongtao Wu , Liang Huang , Yong Huang , Jiajia Yang , Zenglei Ni , Xiao Chen , Na Wu , Xufeng Zhang
In multi-layer aluminum sheets, localized corrosion critically undermines the reliability of automotive heat exchangers. Understanding how microstructural evolution influences corrosion behavior is therefore essential for optimizing materials performance. This study focuses on the role of strain-induced liquid film migration (SILFM), a key yet insufficiently explored factor in corrosion degradation. Comprehensive microstructural and corrosion analyses were performed on multi-layer aluminum sheets subjected to different pre-strain levels (0 %, 2 %, 4 %, 8 %, and 10 %) before brazing. SEM, EBSD, TEM, and GDOES were used to reveal the relationship between strain-controlled microstructural evolution and localized corrosion. The competitive behavior of SILFM and strain-induced boundary migration (SIBM) under varying deformation energies was analyzed. The results indicate that high pre-strain levels (≥8 %) activate SIBM prior to clad melting, which consumes the stored deformation energy required to trigger SILFM and significantly reduces localized corrosion attack. In contrast, pronounced SILFM and severe localized corrosion are observed at intermediate pre-strain, particularly at 4 %, where micro-galvanic cells between intermetallic particles and the Al matrix are most active. A corrosion-resistant zone is identified in samples strained above 8–10 %, providing practical guidance for strain engineering in aluminum brazing sheet design.
{"title":"Effect of solid-liquid interaction on erosion and corrosion resistance of AA4343/AA3xxx/AA4343 multi-layer aluminum sheets","authors":"Qiaoling Wang , Menghao Jiang , Jie Liu , Zhipeng Yuan , Yiyou Tu , Hongtao Wu , Liang Huang , Yong Huang , Jiajia Yang , Zenglei Ni , Xiao Chen , Na Wu , Xufeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In multi-layer aluminum sheets, localized corrosion critically undermines the reliability of automotive heat exchangers. Understanding how microstructural evolution influences corrosion behavior is therefore essential for optimizing materials performance. This study focuses on the role of strain-induced liquid film migration (SILFM), a key yet insufficiently explored factor in corrosion degradation. Comprehensive microstructural and corrosion analyses were performed on multi-layer aluminum sheets subjected to different pre-strain levels (0 %, 2 %, 4 %, 8 %, and 10 %) before brazing. SEM, EBSD, TEM, and GDOES were used to reveal the relationship between strain-controlled microstructural evolution and localized corrosion. The competitive behavior of SILFM and strain-induced boundary migration (SIBM) under varying deformation energies was analyzed. The results indicate that high pre-strain levels (≥8 %) activate SIBM prior to clad melting, which consumes the stored deformation energy required to trigger SILFM and significantly reduces localized corrosion attack. In contrast, pronounced SILFM and severe localized corrosion are observed at intermediate pre-strain, particularly at 4 %, where micro-galvanic cells between intermetallic particles and the Al matrix are most active. A corrosion-resistant zone is identified in samples strained above 8–10 %, providing practical guidance for strain engineering in aluminum brazing sheet design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 115003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115001
Changlin Liu , Zhanchen Zhu , Juan Chen , Ruoxin Wang
Reaction-bonded silicon carbide (RB-SiC) is a desirable ceramic material for optical mirrors used in harsh environments. Due to the existence of random grain/phase boundaries and property mismatch between phases, the nanoscale machining mechanism of RB-SiC is complex, which has not been fully revealed. In the present work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of nano-scratching was performed on RB-SiC to investigate the effect of workpiece grain size on surface development and subsurface damage. The simulation results suggest that the workpiece grain size and property mismatch between phases determine the formation of irregular pile up and machined surface. In the subsurface workpiece, the residual plastic deformation of SiC is more apparent than Si regardless of the variation in grain size. When the grain size decreases, the intragranular plastic deformation of SiC is suppressed while sliding and rolling of the SiC grains are promoted. Meanwhile, extension of disordered Si at the triple junctions causes obvious distortion of the crystal structure. These results could help to improve the understanding of nanoscale machining mechanism of RB-SiC.
{"title":"Effect of grain size on nano-scratching of RB-SiC via molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Changlin Liu , Zhanchen Zhu , Juan Chen , Ruoxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reaction-bonded silicon carbide (RB-SiC) is a desirable ceramic material for optical mirrors used in harsh environments. Due to the existence of random grain/phase boundaries and property mismatch between phases, the nanoscale machining mechanism of RB-SiC is complex, which has not been fully revealed. In the present work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of nano-scratching was performed on RB-SiC to investigate the effect of workpiece grain size on surface development and subsurface damage. The simulation results suggest that the workpiece grain size and property mismatch between phases determine the formation of irregular pile up and machined surface. In the subsurface workpiece, the residual plastic deformation of SiC is more apparent than Si regardless of the variation in grain size. When the grain size decreases, the intragranular plastic deformation of SiC is suppressed while sliding and rolling of the SiC grains are promoted. Meanwhile, extension of disordered Si at the triple junctions causes obvious distortion of the crystal structure. These results could help to improve the understanding of nanoscale machining mechanism of RB-SiC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 115001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115000
Muhammad Kashif , Chaeyeon Kang , Alireza Ranjbari , Yaxin Su , Philippe M. Heynderickx
This work investigates the adsorption characteristics of Rhodamine B (RhB) onto porous clay heterostructures (PCH), with a focus on structural and surface changes after adsorption. Following RhB uptake (42.3 ± 2.4 mg g−1), a notable reduction was observed in BET surface area (from 446 to 380 m2 g−1), pore diameter (from 3.74 to 3.46 nm), pore volume (from 0.34 to 0.20 cm3 g−1), and external surface area (from 337 to 230 m3 g−1) confirming efficient adsorption and pore blockage within the PCH. FTIR and XRD analyses further confirmed interactions between RhB molecules and the functional groups and crystalline phases of PCH. Additionally, TGA revealed changes in thermal stability, providing supporting evidence of dye incorporation. Kinetic modeling showed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, indicating surface adsorption as the rate-limiting step. Among the evaluated isotherm models, the Langmuir isotherm offered the best fit, suggesting monolayer adsorption of RhB onto both the surface and pores of PCH, as also indicated by N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. This study is among the first to report the application of PCH alone, without additional functionalization or metal impregnation, for RhB removal, highlighting its potential as an efficient and low-cost adsorbent.
本文研究了罗丹明B （Rhodamine B, RhB）在多孔粘土异质结构（PCH）上的吸附特性，重点研究了吸附后的结构和表面变化。在RhB吸收（42.3±2.4 mg g - 1）后，观察到BET表面积（从446减少到380 m2 g - 1）、孔径（从3.74减少到3.46 nm）、孔体积（从0.34减少到0.20 cm3 g - 1）和外表面积（从337减少到230 m3 g - 1）的显著减少，证实了PCH内的有效吸附和孔堵塞。FTIR和XRD分析进一步证实了RhB分子与PCH的官能团和晶相之间的相互作用。此外，TGA还揭示了热稳定性的变化，为染料掺入提供了支持证据。动力学模拟表明，吸附过程符合伪二阶（PSO）模型，表明表面吸附是限速步骤。在评估的等温线模型中，Langmuir等温线模型拟合最佳，表明RhB在PCH表面和孔隙上均有单层吸附，N2吸附-脱附分析也证实了这一点。该研究首次报道了PCH单独应用，无需额外的功能化或金属浸渍，即可去除RhB，突出了其作为高效低成本吸附剂的潜力。
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