Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113807
Dongsheng Cai , Pingyang Wang , Zhiwei Hua
Experiments and zero-dimensional simulation were conducted to evaluate the discharge performance of an embedded bismuth LaB6 hollow cathode. The experimental results demonstrate that the embedded bismuth hollow cathode can operate in diode mode without any external heating, with a mass flow rate of approximately 0.21 mg/s. In Keeper-cathode mode, the discharge voltage for bismuth was slightly lower than that of xenon and exhibited strong stability, with a maximum discharge variation of less than 0.5 V at a discharge current of 2 A. The simulation results showed that at the same mass flow rate, the electron and ion densities in the insert region of the bismuth hollow cathode were higher than those of xenon, whereas the opposite was true for the orifice region. Notably, at discharge currents below 4 A, the power deposition of bismuth in both the insert and orifice regions was lower than that of xenon, indicating reduced erosion.
{"title":"Experimental and zero-dimensional simulation study of an embedded bismuth LaB6 hollow cathode","authors":"Dongsheng Cai , Pingyang Wang , Zhiwei Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experiments and zero-dimensional simulation were conducted to evaluate the discharge performance of an embedded bismuth LaB<sub>6</sub> hollow cathode. The experimental results demonstrate that the embedded bismuth hollow cathode can operate in diode mode without any external heating, with a mass flow rate of approximately 0.21 mg/s. In Keeper-cathode mode, the discharge voltage for bismuth was slightly lower than that of xenon and exhibited strong stability, with a maximum discharge variation of less than 0.5 V at a discharge current of 2 A. The simulation results showed that at the same mass flow rate, the electron and ion densities in the insert region of the bismuth hollow cathode were higher than those of xenon, whereas the opposite was true for the orifice region. Notably, at discharge currents below 4 A, the power deposition of bismuth in both the insert and orifice regions was lower than that of xenon, indicating reduced erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 113807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113800
Jiali Chen , Yanyan Wang , Peiyu Ji , Lanjian Zhuge , Xuemei Wu
Vertical graphene nanosheets (VGs) were synthesized on Cu, Ti, Si, and C substrates by helicon wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (HWP-CVD) method using CH4/Ar as precursors. The obtained samples formed vertical orientation structures of nanosheets-graphene as the scanning electron microscopy and TEM images indicated. Specifically, the VGs grown on Cu substrate exhibit a parallel arrangement with a wall spacing of approximately 450 nm. This structural characteristic facilitates efficient ion exchange channels and promotes low resistance for electron transport. The effect of substrate type on the growth mechanism of VGs was discussed. The relationship between the microstructure and electrochemical performance of the VGs grown on different substrates was investigated. The charge transfer resistance of the VGs/Cu is 20.75 Ω, and the value of VGs/Ti, VGs/C and VGs/Si are 23.51 Ω, 33.76 Ω and 66.40 Ω, respectively. The robust vertical orientation structure of VGs holds promise for various applications, including catalyst support in fuel cells, conductive electrodes in photovoltaic cells, and energy storage devices like lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. This structural characteristic plays a pivotal role in advancing the development of next-generation energy storage technologies.
{"title":"Effect of substrate type on structural and electrochemical performance of vertical graphene nanosheets deposited by HWP-CVD","authors":"Jiali Chen , Yanyan Wang , Peiyu Ji , Lanjian Zhuge , Xuemei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vertical graphene nanosheets (VGs) were synthesized on Cu, Ti, Si, and C substrates by helicon wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (HWP-CVD) method using CH<sub>4</sub>/Ar as precursors. The obtained samples formed vertical orientation structures of nanosheets-graphene as the scanning electron microscopy and TEM images indicated. Specifically, the VGs grown on Cu substrate exhibit a parallel arrangement with a wall spacing of approximately 450 nm. This structural characteristic facilitates efficient ion exchange channels and promotes low resistance for electron transport. The effect of substrate type on the growth mechanism of VGs was discussed. The relationship between the microstructure and electrochemical performance of the VGs grown on different substrates was investigated. The charge transfer resistance of the VGs/Cu is 20.75 Ω, and the value of VGs/Ti, VGs/C and VGs/Si are 23.51 Ω, 33.76 Ω and 66.40 Ω, respectively. The robust vertical orientation structure of VGs holds promise for various applications, including catalyst support in fuel cells, conductive electrodes in photovoltaic cells, and energy storage devices like lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. This structural characteristic plays a pivotal role in advancing the development of next-generation energy storage technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 113800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113770
W.H. Li , X. Weng , L.J. Meng , J. Chen , L. Hu , D.L. Geng , W.L. Wang
The AlxCoCrCuFeNi (x = 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by arc melting and spray casting techniques. Their microstructures, hardness, and thermophysical properties such as fusion enthalpy, entropy, thermal diffusion coefficients, thermal expansion coefficients, were investigated. XRD results indicated that AlxCoCrCuFeNi (x = 0.25 and 0.5) alloys were composed of a high-entropy FCC phase and Cu-rich nanophase. As the Al content increased to 1 and 2, the phase structures included the AlNi-rich B2 phase, FeCr-rich A2 phase and Cu-rich nanophase. With the increased Al content, the microstructures of AlxCoCrCuFeNi HEAs transitioned from coarse dendrites to petal-like dendrites, and the grains were continuously refined. Moreover, the Al additions reduced the density whereas increased the Vickers hardness of the alloys. The maximum hardness observed in Al2CoCrCuFeNi HEA was approximately 2.4 times greater than that of the Al0.25CoCrCuFeNi HEA. The thermal diffusion coefficients of alloys initially increased and subsequently decreased as the temperature elevated. The phase transformation induced by Al content was an effective method for rapidly homogenizing the internal temperature of alloys. Furthermore, the crystal structure, elemental segregation, lattice distortion, enthalpy and entropy of fusion, and lattice vibration frequency all mutually affected the thermal diffusion and expansion coefficients of AlxCoCrCuFeNi HEAs.
通过电弧熔炼和喷射铸造技术制备了 AlxCoCrCuFeNi（x = 0.25、0.5、1、2）高熵合金（HEAs）。研究了它们的微观结构、硬度和热物理性能，如熔化焓、熵、热扩散系数、热膨胀系数等。XRD 结果表明，AlxCoCrCuFeNi（x = 0.25 和 0.5）合金由高熵 FCC 相和富铜纳米相组成。当铝含量增加到 1 和 2 时，相结构包括富铝镍的 B2 相、富铁铬的 A2 相和富铜的纳米相。随着铝含量的增加，AlxCoCrCuFeNi HEA 的微观结构从粗树枝状过渡到花瓣状树枝状，晶粒不断细化。此外，铝的添加降低了合金的密度，同时提高了维氏硬度。在 Al2CoCrCuFeNi HEA 中观察到的最大硬度约为 Al0.25CoCrCuFeNi HEA 的 2.4 倍。合金的热扩散系数最初随着温度的升高而增大，随后随着温度的升高而减小。铝含量引起的相变是使合金内部温度迅速均匀化的有效方法。此外，晶体结构、元素偏析、晶格畸变、熔焓和熔熵以及晶格振动频率都会相互影响 AlxCoCrCuFeNi HEA 的热扩散和膨胀系数。
{"title":"Thermophysical properties of AlxCoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloys","authors":"W.H. Li , X. Weng , L.J. Meng , J. Chen , L. Hu , D.L. Geng , W.L. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Al<sub><em>x</em></sub>CoCrCuFeNi (<em>x</em> = 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by arc melting and spray casting techniques. Their microstructures, hardness, and thermophysical properties such as fusion enthalpy, entropy, thermal diffusion coefficients, thermal expansion coefficients, were investigated. XRD results indicated that Al<sub><em>x</em></sub>CoCrCuFeNi (<em>x</em> = 0.25 and 0.5) alloys were composed of a high-entropy FCC phase and Cu-rich nanophase. As the Al content increased to 1 and 2, the phase structures included the AlNi-rich B2 phase, FeCr-rich A2 phase and Cu-rich nanophase. With the increased Al content, the microstructures of Al<sub><em>x</em></sub>CoCrCuFeNi HEAs transitioned from coarse dendrites to petal-like dendrites, and the grains were continuously refined. Moreover, the Al additions reduced the density whereas increased the Vickers hardness of the alloys. The maximum hardness observed in Al<sub>2</sub>CoCrCuFeNi HEA was approximately 2.4 times greater than that of the Al<sub>0.25</sub>CoCrCuFeNi HEA. The thermal diffusion coefficients of alloys initially increased and subsequently decreased as the temperature elevated. The phase transformation induced by Al content was an effective method for rapidly homogenizing the internal temperature of alloys. Furthermore, the crystal structure, elemental segregation, lattice distortion, enthalpy and entropy of fusion, and lattice vibration frequency all mutually affected the thermal diffusion and expansion coefficients of Al<sub><em>x</em></sub>CoCrCuFeNi HEAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 113770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113805
Tianze Wang , Zhenlin Hu , Liang He , Nan Lin , Yuxin Leng , Weibiao Chen
This study investigates the emission mechanism of laser-produced plasma extreme ultraviolet source (LPP-EUV). In the experiment, the EUV radiation is generated by a 1064 nm laser interacting with slab Sn target. The EUV emission is characterized by EUV energy monitors and an EUV spectrometer. The dependency of CE on laser intensity and plasma relative optical depth is explored by a plasma emission-absorption layer model. The dependency is confirmed by an optical interferometry measurement of plasma electron density for the first time. Our work provides a method for characterizing and optimizing the optical depth of laser driven EUV source.
本研究探讨了激光产生的等离子体极紫外源（LPP-EUV）的发射机制。实验中，超紫外辐射是由波长为 1064 nm 的激光与板状 Sn 靶相互作用产生的。超紫外辐射由超紫外能量监测器和超紫外光谱仪表征。等离子体发射-吸收层模型探讨了 CE 与激光强度和等离子体相对光学深度的关系。等离子体电子密度的光学干涉测量首次证实了这种依赖关系。我们的工作为表征和优化激光驱动超紫外光源的光学深度提供了一种方法。
{"title":"Characterization of optical depth for laser produced plasma extreme ultraviolet source","authors":"Tianze Wang , Zhenlin Hu , Liang He , Nan Lin , Yuxin Leng , Weibiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the emission mechanism of laser-produced plasma extreme ultraviolet source (LPP-EUV). In the experiment, the EUV radiation is generated by a 1064 nm laser interacting with slab Sn target. The EUV emission is characterized by EUV energy monitors and an EUV spectrometer. The dependency of CE on laser intensity and plasma relative optical depth is explored by a plasma emission-absorption layer model. The dependency is confirmed by an optical interferometry measurement of plasma electron density for the first time. Our work provides a method for characterizing and optimizing the optical depth of laser driven EUV source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 113805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113804
G.H. Cao , H. Wang , C. Qiu , F.S. Meng , Z.J. Deng , D.T. Zhang , D.L. Chen
Quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was employed to investigate the microstructural evolution of a homogenized coarse-grained Mg-1.2Zn-0.1Ca alloy during cyclic deformation at a strain amplitude of 0.8 %. The random orientations of grains along with the soft state of the alloy resulted in symmetrical hysteresis loops and cyclic hardening. Besides the occurrence of twinning-detwinning, basal <a>/pyramidal II <c+a> and pyramidal I <a> slip systems were primarily activated. Grain boundaries with a higher misorientation angle of >35° served as preferential sites for strain localization.
{"title":"Quasi-in-situ observations of microstructural evolution during cyclic deformation of a Mg-Zn-Ca alloy","authors":"G.H. Cao , H. Wang , C. Qiu , F.S. Meng , Z.J. Deng , D.T. Zhang , D.L. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was employed to investigate the microstructural evolution of a homogenized coarse-grained Mg-1.2Zn-0.1Ca alloy during cyclic deformation at a strain amplitude of 0.8 %. The random orientations of grains along with the soft state of the alloy resulted in symmetrical hysteresis loops and cyclic hardening. Besides the occurrence of twinning-detwinning, basal <a>/pyramidal II <c+a> and pyramidal I <a> slip systems were primarily activated. Grain boundaries with a higher misorientation angle of >35° served as preferential sites for strain localization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 113804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113793
Zhi Yang , Honghui Guo , Hongtao Liu , Jinwei Bai , Yong Cao
For ion thrusters, the deflection of the ion beam caused by the relative translation of the grids is one of the primary factors limiting the erosion lifetime of the ion optical system. A two-dimensional (2D) simulation package of the ion optic system is developed to investigate the ion sputtering corrosion due to grid translation misalignment. For benchmark cases, the 2D simulation package shows a reasonable consistency compared to the experimental method in ion beam deflection angle and drain-to-beam current ratio, indicating the effectiveness of the simulation package. The deviation between the simulated deflection angle and the experimental value is within 8.86%. Furthermore, this 2D package is employed to analyze the variation patterns of ion beam, ion collection, and the distribution of ion sputtering rates caused by grid translation. The simulation results indicate that the ion beam deflection occurs in the direction opposite to grid translation. The number of ions collected at different positions on the acceleration grid shows different tendencies. Only the upstream surface and the aperture surface will be subjected to energetic ion impingement. The sputtering of energetic ions on these two surfaces becomes the dominant factor limiting the grid’s ion corrosion lifetime when the grid translation is significant. The sputtering rate of energetic ions can exceed that of charge exchange (CEX) ions by more than 10 times. The proportion of the region where energetic ions contribute to sputtering expands with increasing grid misalignment, reaching up to 52.5% on surface . Additionally, the downstream surface and the aperture surface are only subjected to CEX ion sputtering regardless of grid translation. Moreover, the CEX ion sputtering regions on surfaces and expand as the grid misalignment distance increases. The peak in the ion sputtering rate distribution profile on surface becomes more prominent due to grid translation, with the sputtering rate at the peak position reaching approximately 1.65 times that of the surrounding lower-rate regions. The analysis of the electric field indicates that local electric field variations caused by grid misalignment are the underlying reason for the ion erosion characteristics.
{"title":"Effects of translation misalignment on ion optics with slit apertures","authors":"Zhi Yang , Honghui Guo , Hongtao Liu , Jinwei Bai , Yong Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For ion thrusters, the deflection of the ion beam caused by the relative translation of the grids is one of the primary factors limiting the erosion lifetime of the ion optical system. A two-dimensional (2D) simulation package of the ion optic system is developed to investigate the ion sputtering corrosion due to grid translation misalignment. For benchmark cases, the 2D simulation package shows a reasonable consistency compared to the experimental method in ion beam deflection angle and drain-to-beam current ratio, indicating the effectiveness of the simulation package. The deviation between the simulated deflection angle and the experimental value is within 8.86%. Furthermore, this 2D package is employed to analyze the variation patterns of ion beam, ion collection, and the distribution of ion sputtering rates caused by grid translation. The simulation results indicate that the ion beam deflection occurs in the direction opposite to grid translation. The number of ions collected at different positions on the acceleration grid shows different tendencies. Only the upstream surface <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y−</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and the aperture surface <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x+</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> will be subjected to energetic ion impingement. The sputtering of energetic ions on these two surfaces becomes the dominant factor limiting the grid’s ion corrosion lifetime when the grid translation is significant. The sputtering rate of energetic ions can exceed that of charge exchange (CEX) ions by more than 10 times. The proportion of the region where energetic ions contribute to sputtering expands with increasing grid misalignment, reaching up to 52.5% on surface <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x+</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. Additionally, the downstream surface <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y+</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and the aperture surface <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x−</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> are only subjected to CEX ion sputtering regardless of grid translation. Moreover, the CEX ion sputtering regions on surfaces <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x−</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x+</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> expand as the grid misalignment distance increases. The peak in the ion sputtering rate distribution profile on surface <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y+</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> becomes more prominent due to grid translation, with the sputtering rate at the peak position reaching approximately 1.65 times that of the surrounding lower-rate regions. The analysis of the electric field indicates that local electric field variations caused by grid misalignment are the underlying reason for the ion erosion characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 113793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113802
Haitao Zheng , Mingshuai Shen , Zunyan Xie , Ziyi Li , Mengran Zhang , Haoliang Sun
Ag-Nb alloy films with varying Nb content were deposited on flexible polyimide substrates by the magnetron sputtering metho. The results show that dense and monodisperse Ag nano-islands were self-grown on the surfaces of as-deposited Ag-31.1 at% Nb alloy films. FDTD simulations revealed that the local electric field strength is closely related to the covering Ag layer, size and spacing of self-grown nano-islands. A 166-nm Ag-31.1 % Nb alloy film covered with 15-nm Ag layer served as the SERS substrate presented excellent and stable SERS performance and can detect 5 × 10−14 mol/L R6G solution. The preparation method of Ag nano-island/alloy films offers a novel approach for producing reproducible and highly sensitive SERS substrates.
利用磁控溅射法在柔性聚酰亚胺基底上沉积了不同铌含量的铌镁合金薄膜。结果表明，在沉积的 Ag-31.1 at% Nb 合金薄膜表面自生长出致密、单分散的 Ag 纳米层。FDTD 模拟显示，局部电场强度与覆盖的银层、自生长纳米岛的尺寸和间距密切相关。166纳米的Ag-31.1% Nb合金薄膜上覆盖着15纳米的Ag层，作为SERS基底，该薄膜具有优异稳定的SERS性能，可检测5×10-14 mol/L R6G溶液。纳米银岛/合金薄膜的制备方法为生产可重现的高灵敏度 SERS 基底提供了一种新方法。
{"title":"Microstructure evolution behavior and SERS properties of self-grown Ag/Ag-Nb nano-island films sputtered on flexible substrates","authors":"Haitao Zheng , Mingshuai Shen , Zunyan Xie , Ziyi Li , Mengran Zhang , Haoliang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ag-Nb alloy films with varying Nb content were deposited on flexible polyimide substrates by the magnetron sputtering metho. The results show that dense and monodisperse Ag nano-islands were self-grown on the surfaces of as-deposited Ag-31.1 at% Nb alloy films. FDTD simulations revealed that the local electric field strength is closely related to the covering Ag layer, size and spacing of self-grown nano-islands. A 166-nm Ag-31.1 % Nb alloy film covered with 15-nm Ag layer served as the SERS substrate presented excellent and stable SERS performance and can detect 5 × 10<sup>−14</sup> mol/L R6G solution. The preparation method of Ag nano-island/alloy films offers a novel approach for producing reproducible and highly sensitive SERS substrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 113802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113801
Abeer A. AlObaid , Jin Yang , Sajid Mahmood , Ghulam Abbas Ashraf , Noor Hassan , Raqiqa Tur Rasool , Muhammad Adnan , Zeeshan Ajmal , Amna Mir
This study reports a successful synthesis of a novel Carbon@BaMoZrFe12O19 Mhexaferrite photocatalyst (NPs) using the coprecipitation method. Afterthat, the NPs were used as an activator for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to remove ibuprofen (IBU) from water. NPs were subjected for a thorough characterization process utilizing various analytical techniques including XRD, FTIR, UV, PL TEM, SEM/EDS, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Significantly, the utilization of NPs for PMS activation demonstrated a notable improvement in the elimination of IBU under visible light. The research conducted a thorough investigation into the effects of various parameters, such as activating systems, initial pH, inorganic salts, IBU contents, and water matrix on the efficiency of IBU degradation. The significance of reactive oxygen species, such as sulfate and hydroxyl radicals, as well as singlet oxygen, in the removal of IBU, was clarified by chemical quenching tests. In addition, NPs exhibited competent magnetic separation and reprocessing capacities. The magnetic NPs revealed excellent constancy and recyclability, by sustaining degrading productivity after five consecutive cycles. Therefore, the present study offers a significant contributions to the understanding of photocatalytic degradation for organic pollutants through the utilization of magnetic photocatalysts.
本研究报告采用共沉淀法成功合成了一种新型碳@BaMoZrFe12O19六价铁氧体光催化剂（NPs）。随后，该 NPs 被用作过一硫酸盐 (PMS) 的活化剂，用于去除水中的布洛芬 (IBU)。利用各种分析技术，包括 XRD、FTIR、UV、PL TEM、SEM/EDS 和 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)，对 NPs 进行了全面的表征。值得注意的是，在可见光下，利用 NPs 活化 PMS 对消除 IBU 有明显改善。研究深入探讨了活化体系、初始 pH 值、无机盐、IBU 含量和水基质等各种参数对 IBU 降解效率的影响。通过化学淬灭试验，明确了活性氧（如硫酸根自由基、羟基自由基以及单线态氧）在去除 IBU 过程中的重要作用。此外，NPs 还表现出良好的磁分离和再处理能力。磁性 NPs 在连续五个周期后仍能保持降解生产力，显示出卓越的恒定性和可回收性。因此，本研究为了解利用磁性光催化剂光催化降解有机污染物做出了重要贡献。
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Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113782
Biao Wang , Jikang Yan , Jiangshan Liu , Jianhua Zhao , Lingyan Zhao
In this study, SAC305-0.1Ni and SAC305-0.1Ni-xSb (x = 1.5 wt %, 2.0 wt %, 2.5 wt %) composite solders were fabricated by incorporating Ni and Sb alloying elements into Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) solder. A comprehensive investigation was carried by utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), microhardness tests, nanoindentation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and a universal mechanical testing machine. The effects of Ni and Sb additions on microstructures, thermal properties, wettability, mechanical characteristics, as well as thermal aging, interfacial growth, and mechanical properties of welded joints were systematically explored, and these results were compared with SAC305 solder. The results indicated that the incorporation of Sb and Ni enhanced the microstructure of the solder alloy through the formation of (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 and SnSb phases, leading to a 23.90 % increase in the solder wetted area. Additionally, the formation of (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 and SnSb intermetallic compounds (IMC) increased resistance to dislocation motion, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the solder alloys in comparison to SAC305 solder. The creep resistance of the solder alloys was significantly improved, with a corresponding 49.19 % increase in Vickers hardness. During the thermal aging of solder joints, the interfacial growth coefficient decreased, with the SAC305-0.1Ni-2.0Sb joints exhibiting the lowest value at 0.0185. Furthermore, the co-addition of Ni and Sb consistently enhanced the mechanical properties of the welded joints. The average tensile strength of SAC305-0.1Ni-2.0Sb joints reached 77.87 MPa, which represents a 28.45 % increase compared to SAC305 joints. As the Sb content increased, the fracture mode transitioned from brittle fracture to ductile fracture, and eventually to a mixed ductile-brittle fracture.
{"title":"Ni and Sb improve the microstructure, mechanical properties, and solder joint reliability of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu alloy","authors":"Biao Wang , Jikang Yan , Jiangshan Liu , Jianhua Zhao , Lingyan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, SAC305-0.1Ni and SAC305-0.1Ni-<em>x</em>Sb (<em>x</em> = 1.5 wt %, 2.0 wt %, 2.5 wt %) composite solders were fabricated by incorporating Ni and Sb alloying elements into Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) solder. A comprehensive investigation was carried by utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), microhardness tests, nanoindentation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and a universal mechanical testing machine. The effects of Ni and Sb additions on microstructures, thermal properties, wettability, mechanical characteristics, as well as thermal aging, interfacial growth, and mechanical properties of welded joints were systematically explored, and these results were compared with SAC305 solder. The results indicated that the incorporation of Sb and Ni enhanced the microstructure of the solder alloy through the formation of (Cu, Ni)<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> and SnSb phases, leading to a 23.90 % increase in the solder wetted area. Additionally, the formation of (Cu, Ni)<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> and SnSb intermetallic compounds (IMC) increased resistance to dislocation motion, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the solder alloys in comparison to SAC305 solder. The creep resistance of the solder alloys was significantly improved, with a corresponding 49.19 % increase in Vickers hardness. During the thermal aging of solder joints, the interfacial growth coefficient decreased, with the SAC305-0.1Ni-2.0Sb joints exhibiting the lowest value at 0.0185. Furthermore, the co-addition of Ni and Sb consistently enhanced the mechanical properties of the welded joints. The average tensile strength of SAC305-0.1Ni-2.0Sb joints reached 77.87 MPa, which represents a 28.45 % increase compared to SAC305 joints. As the Sb content increased, the fracture mode transitioned from brittle fracture to ductile fracture, and eventually to a mixed ductile-brittle fracture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 113782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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