Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161780
Yue Meng, Jiazeyu Li, Mengnan Ruan
In the process of photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrodecomposition, it is important to design photoelectrode materials with low cost, high charge separation efficiency and low charge recombination rate. Herein, 2D-3D strongly coupled ZnIn2S4/β-CdS nanocomposites were prepared by a two-step hydrothermal method. Meanwhile, the piezoelectric polarization was used to induce its generation of built-in electric field, which suppressed the secondary compounding of photogenerated charge carriers caused by the interfacial structural defects of the semiconductor heterojunction. The results show that ZnIn2S4/β-CdS has better photoelectrochemical decomposition ability of water under ultrasound, and its photocurrent density increases with the increase of ultrasound frequency, reaching a maximum value of 0.46 mA·cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE, which is 3.5 times higher than that before ultrasound. In addition, by comparing the significant increase of photocurrent conversion efficiency under the applied bias voltage before and after ultrasound, it can be concluded that the enhanced catalytic activity of ZnIn2S4/β-CdS is attributed to the efficient coupling effect between ZnIn2S4 and β-CdS under ultrasound conditions. This coupling effect enables the fast electron transfer at the interface between ZnIn2S4 and β-CdS. Consequently, this strongly coupled nanocomposite will provide inspiration for further construction of nanocomposites for photocatalytic decomposition of water.
{"title":"Piezoelectric effect promotes photoelectrochemical properties of 2D-3D ZnIn2S4/β-CdS strongly coupled interface","authors":"Yue Meng, Jiazeyu Li, Mengnan Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161780","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrodecomposition, it is important to design photoelectrode materials with low cost, high charge separation efficiency and low charge recombination rate. Herein, 2D-3D strongly coupled ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/β-CdS nanocomposites were prepared by a two-step hydrothermal method. Meanwhile, the piezoelectric polarization was used to induce its generation of built-in electric field, which suppressed the secondary compounding of photogenerated charge carriers caused by the interfacial structural defects of the semiconductor heterojunction. The results show that ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/β-CdS has better photoelectrochemical decomposition ability of water under ultrasound, and its photocurrent density increases with the increase of ultrasound frequency, reaching a maximum value of 0.46 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup> at 1.23 V<sub>RHE</sub>, which is 3.5 times higher than that before ultrasound. In addition, by comparing the significant increase of photocurrent conversion efficiency under the applied bias voltage before and after ultrasound, it can be concluded that the enhanced catalytic activity of ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/β-CdS is attributed to the efficient coupling effect between ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> and β-CdS under ultrasound conditions. This coupling effect enables the fast electron transfer at the interface between ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> and β-CdS. Consequently, this strongly coupled nanocomposite will provide inspiration for further construction of nanocomposites for photocatalytic decomposition of water.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161779
Mei Ma, Mengnan Ruan, Bo Li, Yuedan Zhang, Yuxin Sun, Ke Ruan, Xiaowei Liu
Utilizing the pyroelectric and photoelectric properties of ferroelectric semiconductors for pollutant degradation represents an emerging, clean, and sustainable dye degradation technology. However, conventional modification methods, such as defect/morphology engineering and cocatalyst loading, can only incrementally enhance the structural and electronic states of materials to improve their catalytic performance. This study demonstrates that in pyro-photoelectrocatalysis, by introducing isovalent lanthanide ions into BaTiO3 fundamentally reduces the Curie temperature (Tc) of BaTiO3, thereby significantly enhancing the pyroelectric performance of Ba1−xLaxTiO3 at room temperature. Furthermore, we also confirm that the introduction of heterovalent ions alters the grain size, meanwhile, we verify the change in the band structure of BaTiO3 through Mott-Schottky plot and UV–visible absorption date. With an x value of 0.2, under the synergistic effect of thermal and photoelectric catalysis, the degradation efficiency for Rhodamine B (RhB) is optimal, reaching 98.8 % within 60 min. Additionally, the pyro-photoelectrocatalysis measured under 1.23 V shows that Ba0.8La0.2TiO3 (0.073 mA/cm2) exhibits a pyro-photoelectrocatalysis current 1.6 times higher than that of pure BaTiO3(0.048 mA/cm2), this research provides a viable method for designing electrodes with superior pyro-photoelectrocatalysis performance.
{"title":"Coupling pyroelectric fields and donor doping to adjust Curie temperature and band structure to access to highly efficient BaTiO3 photoelectrodes for dye degradation","authors":"Mei Ma, Mengnan Ruan, Bo Li, Yuedan Zhang, Yuxin Sun, Ke Ruan, Xiaowei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161779","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing the pyroelectric and photoelectric properties of ferroelectric semiconductors for pollutant degradation represents an emerging, clean, and sustainable dye degradation technology. However, conventional modification methods, such as defect/morphology engineering and cocatalyst loading, can only incrementally enhance the structural and electronic states of materials to improve their catalytic performance. This study demonstrates that in pyro-photoelectrocatalysis, by introducing isovalent lanthanide ions into BaTiO<sub>3</sub> fundamentally reduces the Curie temperature (Tc) of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>, thereby significantly enhancing the pyroelectric performance of Ba<sub>1−x</sub>La<sub>x</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> at room temperature. Furthermore, we also confirm that the introduction of heterovalent ions alters the grain size, meanwhile, we verify the change in the band structure of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> through Mott-Schottky plot and UV–visible absorption date. With an x value of 0.2, under the synergistic effect of thermal and photoelectric catalysis, the degradation efficiency for Rhodamine B (RhB) is optimal, reaching 98.8 % within 60 min. Additionally, the pyro-photoelectrocatalysis measured under 1.23 V shows that Ba<sub>0.8</sub>La<sub>0.2</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (0.073 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>) exhibits a pyro-photoelectrocatalysis current 1.6 times higher than that of pure BaTiO<sub>3</sub>(0.048 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>), this research provides a viable method for designing electrodes with superior pyro-photoelectrocatalysis performance.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161788
Xuejiang Chen, Xinyao Zhang, Wensen Ai, Yishan Lin
In the step flow growth of SiC, the morphological instability will significantly affect the crystal quality. Exploring and mastering the intrinsic mechanism of crystal morphology instability from a microscopic point of view can provide theoretical references for practical production. The lattice kinetic Monte Carlo method is used to investigate the mechanism of step morphology instability during the epitaxial growth of 3C-SiC. Si and C are considered as independent atoms, and the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier and the diffusion barrier parallel to the step edge are all considered. The differences in atomic diffusion are mainly discussed, and the microscopic evolution of 3C-SiC crystals is simulated from the intrinsic properties and external factors affecting their morphology. And the relevant parameters measuring the morphology stability are calculated. The results show that the growth temperature mainly affects the atoms diffusion, which is a key external factor leading to the instability of step morphology. The difference in step crystal orientation can lead to morphological differences through the bonding energy at the edges of the step. The different diffusion barriers parallel to the step edge can lead to energy imbalance in the substrate, resulting in nucleation phenomenon, which is a potential factor for the instability of crystal morphology.
在 SiC 的阶跃流动生长过程中，晶体形态的不稳定性会严重影响晶体质量。从微观角度探索和掌握晶体形貌不稳定的内在机理，可以为实际生产提供理论参考。本文采用晶格动力学蒙特卡洛方法研究了 3C-SiC 外延生长过程中阶跃形貌不稳定的机理。将 Si 和 C 视为独立原子，并考虑了 Ehrlich-Schwoebel 势垒和平行于阶梯边缘的扩散势垒。主要讨论了原子扩散的差异，并从影响 3C-SiC 晶体形态的内在性质和外在因素出发，模拟了 3C-SiC 晶体的微观演化过程。并计算了衡量形态稳定性的相关参数。结果表明，生长温度主要影响原子扩散，这是导致阶梯形貌不稳定的关键外部因素。台阶晶体取向的不同会通过台阶边缘的键能导致形态差异。与阶梯边缘平行的不同扩散障碍会导致衬底中的能量失衡，从而产生成核现象，这是导致晶体形态不稳定的潜在因素。
{"title":"Investigation on the mechanism of instability for step morphology during 3C-SiC (111) vicinal surface epitaxial growth","authors":"Xuejiang Chen, Xinyao Zhang, Wensen Ai, Yishan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161788","url":null,"abstract":"In the step flow growth of SiC, the morphological instability will significantly affect the crystal quality. Exploring and mastering the intrinsic mechanism of crystal morphology instability from a microscopic point of view can provide theoretical references for practical production. The lattice kinetic Monte Carlo method is used to investigate the mechanism of step morphology instability during the epitaxial growth of 3C-SiC. Si and C are considered as independent atoms, and the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier and the diffusion barrier parallel to the step edge are all considered. The differences in atomic diffusion are mainly discussed, and the microscopic evolution of 3C-SiC crystals is simulated from the intrinsic properties and external factors affecting their morphology. And the relevant parameters measuring the morphology stability are calculated. The results show that the growth temperature mainly affects the atoms diffusion, which is a key external factor leading to the instability of step morphology. The difference in step crystal orientation can lead to morphological differences through the bonding energy at the edges of the step. The different diffusion barriers parallel to the step edge can lead to energy imbalance in the substrate, resulting in nucleation phenomenon, which is a potential factor for the instability of crystal morphology.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161789
A.M. Tarditi , A. Santa-Arango , G.E. Gonzalez , Y. Escalante , L. Cornaglia , C. Ostos
Electroless-deposited PdAu and PdNi alloy samples were analyzed using near-ambient X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) under H2, CO, and CO2-containing streams. Gold enrichment in the near-surface region was evidenced in the PdAu sample under all the analyzed conditions, while palladium increment to the surface was observed in the PdNi alloy. The appearance of a new contribution on the Pd 3d core-level region evidenced the formation of PdHx species on the surface. Competitive CO adsorption and the formation of CHx species at the surface led to the partial blocking of hydrogen adsorption sites, thereby decreasing the PdHx formation. Methane production was detected under CO/H2 and CO2/H2 mixtures in both PdAu and PdNi alloy samples. Our findings demonstrate that both competitive adsorption and the formation of CHx or carbide species on the surface of PdAu and PdNi alloys can negatively influence hydrogen permeation through Pd-based membranes.
在含 H2、CO 和 CO2 的气流条件下，使用近环境 X 射线光电子能谱（NAP-XPS）分析了无电解沉积 PdAu 和 PdNi 合金样品。在所有分析条件下，PdAu 样品的近表面区域都出现了金富集现象，而 PdNi 合金的表面则出现了钯增量现象。在 Pd 3d 核级区域出现的新贡献证明了表面 PdHx 物种的形成。竞争性 CO 吸附和表面 CHx 物种的形成导致氢吸附位点的部分阻断，从而减少了 PdHx 的形成。在 PdAu 和 PdNi 合金样品中的 CO/H2 和 CO2/H2 混合物中都检测到了甲烷的产生。我们的研究结果表明，PdAu 和 PdNi 合金表面的竞争吸附和 CHx 或碳化物的形成都会对钯基膜的氢气渗透产生负面影响。
{"title":"Surface properties of PdAu and PdNi alloys under dynamic conditions: NAP-XPS study","authors":"A.M. Tarditi , A. Santa-Arango , G.E. Gonzalez , Y. Escalante , L. Cornaglia , C. Ostos","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electroless-deposited PdAu and PdNi alloy samples were analyzed using near-ambient X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) under H<sub>2</sub>, CO, and CO<sub>2</sub>-containing streams. Gold enrichment in the near-surface region was evidenced in the PdAu sample under all the analyzed conditions, while palladium increment to the surface was observed in the PdNi alloy. The appearance of a new contribution on the Pd 3d core-level region evidenced the formation of PdHx species on the surface. Competitive CO adsorption and the formation of CH<sub>x</sub> species at the surface led to the partial blocking of hydrogen adsorption sites, thereby decreasing the PdH<sub>x</sub> formation. Methane production was detected under CO/H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> mixtures in both PdAu and PdNi alloy samples. Our findings demonstrate that both competitive adsorption and the formation of CH<sub>x</sub> or carbide species on the surface of PdAu and PdNi alloys can negatively influence hydrogen permeation through Pd-based membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"683 ","pages":"Article 161789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161781
M.L. Montes, M.A. Taylor, R.E. Alonso
The constant use of drugs for health treatments increases the presence of antibiotics, analgesics, antipyretics and hormones in wastewater and water bodies, negatively affecting the biosphere. Among the emerging pollutant sources, the main are wastewater, hospital effluents, agriculture, animal breeding and improper management of industrial effluents. Therefore, it is essential to develop or adapt methods to remove these pollutants from environmental matrices. This work studies experimental and theoretically the removal of the widely used antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) from water through its sorption by a globally abundant solid waste: eggshell (ES). Experimentally, the OTC sorption by ES powders has been performed at different OTC concentrations. The obtained isotherm has been fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips models. Theoretically, first principles calculations to model the OTC molecule on different CaCO3 surfaces were done. Experimentally the maximum sorption capacity was 15 ± 3 mg/g at RT, disclosed by the best model representing the data, the Langmuir one at a single site. Theoretically OTC sorption involves the interaction between Ca2 + of ES and O atoms of OTC. Therefore, ES waste is a promising material for low-cost remediation technologies based on the sorption process for the treatment of waters containing OTC.
{"title":"Sorption of the emerging pollutant oxytetracycline on eggshell. Experimental and theoretical approaches","authors":"M.L. Montes, M.A. Taylor, R.E. Alonso","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161781","url":null,"abstract":"The constant use of drugs for health treatments increases the presence of antibiotics, analgesics, antipyretics and hormones in wastewater and water bodies, negatively affecting the biosphere. Among the emerging pollutant sources, the main are wastewater, hospital effluents, agriculture, animal breeding and improper management of industrial effluents. Therefore, it is essential to develop or adapt methods to remove these pollutants from environmental matrices. This work studies experimental and theoretically the removal of the widely used antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) from water through its sorption by a globally abundant solid waste: eggshell (ES). Experimentally, the OTC sorption by ES powders has been performed at different OTC concentrations. The obtained isotherm has been fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips models. Theoretically, first principles calculations to model the OTC molecule on different CaCO3 surfaces were done. Experimentally the maximum sorption capacity was 15 ± 3 mg/g at RT, disclosed by the best model representing the data, the Langmuir one at a single site. Theoretically OTC sorption involves the interaction between Ca2 + of ES and O atoms of OTC. Therefore, ES waste is a promising material for low-cost remediation technologies based on the sorption process for the treatment of waters containing OTC.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161782
Chengtao Xia, Ran Ji, Shuming Jiang, Xiaodong Zhu, Anchen Tang, Deren Yang, Xiangyang Ma
We have realized the erbium (Er)-related visible and near-infrared (NIR) electroluminescence (EL) from the Mg0.4Zn0.6O/ZnO:Er/n+-Si heterostructured light-emitting device (LED) using the semi-transparent Au film as the anode, where the impact-excitation of Er3+ ions is enabled by hot holes that are generated in the Mg0.4Zn0.6O acceleration layer. However, it remains a challenge to simultaneously achieve more efficient injection of holes into Mg0.4Zn0.6O layer and stronger light emanation for the Mg0.4Zn0.6O/ZnO:Er/n+-Si heterostructured LED. Addressing this issue, we report on the substitution of an ITO/MoO3 combined anode for the Au anode in the aforementioned LED to enhance the EL. Through the optimization of MoO3 film thickness, the substitution of ITO/MoO3 combined anode for Au anode leads to the enhanced EL from the Mg0.4Zn0.6O/ZnO:Er/n+-Si heterostructured LED with a factor of more than 5 in the visible region and with a factor of more than 13 in the NIR region. The higher transmittances and larger refraction indices in both visible and NIR regions and the better hole-injection capability of the ITO/MoO3 combined anode, with respect to those of Au anode, are responsible for the significantly enhanced EL as mentioned above. This work sheds light on the application of ITO/MoO3 combined anode into all-inorganic LEDs.
我们利用半透明金膜作为阳极，从 Mg0.4Zn0.6O/ZnO:Er/n+-Si 异质结构发光器件（LED）中实现了与铒（Er）相关的可见光和近红外（NIR）电致发光（EL），其中 Er3+ 离子的撞击激发是通过 Mg0.4Zn0.6O 加速层中产生的热空穴实现的。然而，如何在 Mg0.4Zn0.6O/ZnO:Er/n+-Si 异质结构 LED 中同时实现更有效地向 Mg0.4Zn0.6O 层注入空穴和更强的发光能力仍然是一个挑战。针对这一问题，我们报告了在上述 LED 中用 ITO/MoO3 组合阳极取代金阳极以增强 EL 的情况。通过优化 MoO3 薄膜的厚度，用 ITO/MoO3 组合阳极取代金阳极，Mg0.4Zn0.6O/ZnO:Er/n+-Si 异质结构 LED 的电致发光效果得到增强，在可见光区的增强系数超过 5，在近红外区的增强系数超过 13。与金阳极相比，ITO/MoO3 组合阳极在可见光和近红外区域都具有更高的透射率和更大的折射率，以及更好的空穴注入能力，这些都是上述电致发光显著增强的原因。这项工作为将 ITO/MoO3 组合阳极应用到全无机 LED 中提供了启示。
{"title":"Enhanced electroluminescence from silicon-based light-emitting devices with Mg0.4Zn0.6O/erbium-doped ZnO heterostructures by using ITO/MoO3 combined anode","authors":"Chengtao Xia, Ran Ji, Shuming Jiang, Xiaodong Zhu, Anchen Tang, Deren Yang, Xiangyang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161782","url":null,"abstract":"We have realized the erbium (Er)-related visible and near-infrared (NIR) electroluminescence (EL) from the Mg<sub>0.4</sub>Zn<sub>0.6</sub>O/ZnO:Er/n<sup>+</sup>-Si heterostructured light-emitting device (LED) using the semi-transparent Au film as the anode, where the impact-excitation of Er<sup>3+</sup> ions is enabled by hot holes that are generated in the Mg<sub>0.4</sub>Zn<sub>0.6</sub>O acceleration layer. However, it remains a challenge to simultaneously achieve more efficient injection of holes into Mg<sub>0.4</sub>Zn<sub>0.6</sub>O layer and stronger light emanation for the Mg<sub>0.4</sub>Zn<sub>0.6</sub>O/ZnO:Er/n<sup>+</sup>-Si heterostructured LED. Addressing this issue, we report on the substitution of an ITO/MoO<sub>3</sub> combined anode for the Au anode in the aforementioned LED to enhance the EL. Through the optimization of MoO<sub>3</sub> film thickness, the substitution of ITO/MoO<sub>3</sub> combined anode for Au anode leads to the enhanced EL from the Mg<sub>0.4</sub>Zn<sub>0.6</sub>O/ZnO:Er/n<sup>+</sup>-Si heterostructured LED with a factor of more than 5 in the visible region and with a factor of more than 13 in the NIR region. The higher transmittances and larger refraction indices in both visible and NIR regions and the better hole-injection capability of the ITO/MoO<sub>3</sub> combined anode, with respect to those of Au anode, are responsible for the significantly enhanced EL as mentioned above. This work sheds light on the application of ITO/MoO<sub>3</sub> combined anode into all-inorganic LEDs.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161776
Tao Liu, Shuai Wu, Ziqin Yang, Yang Ye, Jianpeng Li, Guangze Jiang, Hangxu Li, Zepeng Jiang, Lu Li, Shichun Huang, Andong Wu, Yue Tao, Feng Qiu, Teng Tan, Zhijun Wang, Yuan He
This work presents a highly precise chemical etching process designed to achieve controlled modulation of the formation and removal of the oxide layer on the surface of niobium (Nb). Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) results indicate that the surface attains a saturated oxide layer thickness above 3 nm following treatment with HNO3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that the removal efficiency of chemical residue on the Nb surface significantly improves with increased treatment time in HNO3 and HF. A detailed surface analysis with a 3D optical profiler demonstrates that this method enables uniform etching without compromising the surface flatness of Nb while effectively removing the chemical residues. Electrochemical stability measurements and Vickers hardness tests reveal that cyclic etching exerts minimal impact on the mechanical properties of Nb, while the self-healing characteristics of the surface oxide layer maintain its chemical stability. This method not only advances precision etching for Nb but also opens up the potential for its application in high-performance materials where surface integrity and chemical resilience are paramount.
这项研究提出了一种高度精确的化学蚀刻工艺，旨在对铌（Nb）表面氧化层的形成和去除进行可控调节。角度分辨 X 射线光电子能谱（ARXPS）结果表明，经 HNO3 处理后，表面的饱和氧化层厚度超过 3 纳米。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）结果表明，随着在 HNO3 和 HF 中处理时间的延长，铌表面化学残留物的去除效率显著提高。利用三维光学轮廓仪进行的详细表面分析表明，这种方法能够在不影响铌表面平整度的情况下实现均匀蚀刻，同时有效去除化学残留物。电化学稳定性测量和维氏硬度测试表明，循环蚀刻对铌的机械性能影响极小，而表面氧化层的自修复特性则保持了其化学稳定性。这种方法不仅推进了铌的精密蚀刻，还为其在表面完整性和化学复原力至关重要的高性能材料中的应用提供了可能。
{"title":"Step-controlled ultra-precise chemical etching for removing chemical residues from metallic niobium surfaces","authors":"Tao Liu, Shuai Wu, Ziqin Yang, Yang Ye, Jianpeng Li, Guangze Jiang, Hangxu Li, Zepeng Jiang, Lu Li, Shichun Huang, Andong Wu, Yue Tao, Feng Qiu, Teng Tan, Zhijun Wang, Yuan He","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161776","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a highly precise chemical etching process designed to achieve controlled modulation of the formation and removal of the oxide layer on the surface of niobium (Nb). Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) results indicate that the surface attains a saturated oxide layer thickness above 3 nm following treatment with HNO<sub>3</sub>. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that the removal efficiency of chemical residue on the Nb surface significantly improves with increased treatment time in HNO<sub>3</sub> and HF. A detailed surface analysis with a 3D optical profiler demonstrates that this method enables uniform etching without compromising the surface flatness of Nb while effectively removing the chemical residues. Electrochemical stability measurements and Vickers hardness tests reveal that cyclic etching exerts minimal impact on the mechanical properties of Nb, while the self-healing characteristics of the surface oxide layer maintain its chemical stability. This method not only advances precision etching for Nb but also opens up the potential for its application in high-performance materials where surface integrity and chemical resilience are paramount.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161773
Sandeep Kumar Paral , Jeng-Ywan Jeng , Chen-Hung Wu , Guan-Wei Lin , Yih-Lin Cheng , Ding-Zheng Lin
Liquid crystal display (LCD) vat photopolymerization (VPP) is gaining attention among polymer-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes due to its high accuracy, superior surface finish, and cost-efficiency. However, one of the main challenges is the high layer separation force, which is heavily influenced by the flexibility of the interface. Sticking between polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the LCD panel reduces flexibility, shifting the separation behavior from Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) to Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov (DMT)-like behavior. This study presents a novel approach to mitigate PDMS sticking by introducing nanoscale surface roughness. Sandblasted sheet metals with varying sand mesh sizes were used as molds to create interfaces with different roughness levels. The findings reveal that a surface roughness of 0.262µm significantly reduces PDMS sticking, making the interface more flexible. The optimized flexible interface (SP 2000) interface reduced the separation force 50-fold compared to unmodified PDMS while maintaining high print resolution. Case studies involving rigid and flexible photopolymer resins further emphasize the effectiveness of the SP 2000 interface in addressing PDMS sticking issues. This research highlights the critical role of interface flexibility and presents a promising solution for improving LCD VPP performance.
{"title":"Nanoscale roughness to mitigate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sticking in liquid crystal display (LCD) vat photopolymerization (VPP): Separation force reduction without losing resolution","authors":"Sandeep Kumar Paral , Jeng-Ywan Jeng , Chen-Hung Wu , Guan-Wei Lin , Yih-Lin Cheng , Ding-Zheng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid crystal display (LCD) vat photopolymerization (VPP) is gaining attention among polymer-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes due to its high accuracy, superior surface finish, and cost-efficiency. However, one of the main challenges is the high layer separation force, which is heavily influenced by the flexibility of the interface. Sticking between polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the LCD panel reduces flexibility, shifting the separation behavior from Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) to Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov (DMT)-like behavior. This study presents a novel approach to mitigate PDMS sticking by introducing nanoscale surface roughness. Sandblasted sheet metals with varying sand mesh sizes were used as molds to create interfaces with different roughness levels. The findings reveal that a surface roughness of 0.262µm significantly reduces PDMS sticking, making the interface more flexible. The optimized flexible interface (SP 2000) interface reduced the separation force 50-fold compared to unmodified PDMS while maintaining high print resolution. Case studies involving rigid and flexible photopolymer resins further emphasize the effectiveness of the SP 2000 interface in addressing PDMS sticking issues. This research highlights the critical role of interface flexibility and presents a promising solution for improving LCD VPP performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"683 ","pages":"Article 161773"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161778
Jialiang Song, Chao Li, Zixue Jiang, Hao Zhang, Xuan Liu, Pan Yi, Chaofang Dong, Junsheng Wu, Kui Xiao
The effect of the passivation behavior of SAC305 alloy in deionized water on the structure and defects of the surface oxide film was investigated. The results indicate that during the passivation process of the alloy film formation, as the surface potential increases, Sn is oxidized, undergoing two transformations: first to Sn(II) and then to Sn(IV). During this process, the point defects in the oxide film evolve from Sn(II) interstitial ions and O vacancies to Sn(II) ion vacancies, and subsequently to Sn(II) and Sn(IV) interstitial ions and O vacancies. Additionally, the oxide film does not cover the Ag3Sn phase, yet the alloy is able to maintain an effective passivation.
研究了 SAC305 合金在去离子水中的钝化行为对表面氧化膜结构和缺陷的影响。结果表明，在合金膜形成的钝化过程中，随着表面电位的增加，Sn 被氧化，经历了两次转变：首先转变为 Sn(II)，然后转变为 Sn(IV)。在此过程中，氧化膜中的点缺陷从 Sn(II) 间隙离子和 O 空位演变为 Sn(II) 离子空位，随后又演变为 Sn(II) 和 Sn(IV) 间隙离子和 O 空位。此外，氧化膜并不覆盖 Ag3Sn 相，但合金仍能保持有效的钝化。
{"title":"Effect of passivation behavior of SAC305 alloy on the structure and defects of surface oxide film","authors":"Jialiang Song, Chao Li, Zixue Jiang, Hao Zhang, Xuan Liu, Pan Yi, Chaofang Dong, Junsheng Wu, Kui Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161778","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the passivation behavior of SAC305 alloy in deionized water on the structure and defects of the surface oxide film was investigated. The results indicate that during the passivation process of the alloy film formation, as the surface potential increases, Sn is oxidized, undergoing two transformations: first to Sn(II) and then to Sn(IV). During this process, the point defects in the oxide film evolve from Sn(II) interstitial ions and O vacancies to Sn(II) ion vacancies, and subsequently to Sn(II) and Sn(IV) interstitial ions and O vacancies. Additionally, the oxide film does not cover the Ag<sub>3</sub>Sn phase, yet the alloy is able to maintain an effective passivation.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161769
Yan Zhao, Bowen Lu, Zhiquan An, Huanran Wang, Xianchun Li
The mechanisms on NO reduction over dual-atom Fe-Cu catalyst supported on nitrogen-doped graphene were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) simulation. The adsorption characteristics of NO and the mechanisms of NO reduction over nitrogen-doped graphene supported single-atom Fe catalyst, single-atom Cu catalyst, and dual-atom Fe-Cu catalyst have been studied. Severe possible reaction pathways were found in the NO reduction over above catalysts and the energy barrier of each reaction steps was calculated. The most probably pathway of NO reduction over dual-atom Fe-Cu catalyst is NO molecules adsorbs on catalyst surface via Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism and directly reduced to N2. Compared to single-atom catalysts, dual-atom catalyst offer more adsorption sites, thereby promoting the adsorption of NO and altering the NO reduction pathway. Additionally, the electron transfer between the dual atoms reduces the energy barrier for NO reduction, facilitating the progress of the NO reduction. With increasing reaction temperature and pressure, the rate of NO reduction over dual-atom Fe-Cu catalyst progressively increases. The H2O and SO2 have little impact on NO reaction over dual-atom Fe-Cu catalyst.
通过密度泛函理论（DFT）模拟研究了掺氮石墨烯支撑的双原子铁-铜催化剂还原氮氧化物的机理。研究了氮氧化物在掺氮石墨烯支撑的单原子铁催化剂、单原子铜催化剂和双原子铁铜催化剂上的吸附特性以及氮氧化物的还原机理。研究发现了氮氧化物在上述催化剂上还原的几种可能反应途径，并计算了各反应步骤的能垒。双原子铁铜催化剂还原 NO 的最可能途径是 NO 分子通过 Langmuir-Hinshelwood 机理吸附在催化剂表面，并直接还原成 N2。与单原子催化剂相比，双原子催化剂提供了更多的吸附位点，从而促进了 NO 的吸附，改变了 NO 的还原途径。此外，双原子之间的电子转移降低了 NO 还原的能量障碍，促进了 NO 还原的进展。随着反应温度和压力的升高，双原子铁-铜催化剂还原 NO 的速率逐渐增加。H2O 和 SO2 对双原子铁铜催化剂上的 NO 反应影响很小。
{"title":"Insight into the mechanism on NO reduction over dual-atom Fe-Cu catalyst supported on N-dopped graphene: A DFT study","authors":"Yan Zhao, Bowen Lu, Zhiquan An, Huanran Wang, Xianchun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161769","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanisms on NO reduction over dual-atom Fe-Cu catalyst supported on nitrogen-doped graphene were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) simulation. The adsorption characteristics of NO and the mechanisms of NO reduction over nitrogen-doped graphene supported single-atom Fe catalyst, single-atom Cu catalyst, and dual-atom Fe-Cu catalyst have been studied. Severe possible reaction pathways were found in the NO reduction over above catalysts and the energy barrier of each reaction steps was calculated. The most probably pathway of NO reduction over dual-atom Fe-Cu catalyst is NO molecules adsorbs on catalyst surface via Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism and directly reduced to N<sub>2</sub>. Compared to single-atom catalysts, dual-atom catalyst offer more adsorption sites, thereby promoting the adsorption of NO and altering the NO reduction pathway. Additionally, the electron transfer between the dual atoms reduces the energy barrier for NO reduction, facilitating the progress of the NO reduction. With increasing reaction temperature and pressure, the rate of NO reduction over dual-atom Fe-Cu catalyst progressively increases. The H<sub>2</sub>O and SO<sub>2</sub> have little impact on NO reaction over dual-atom Fe-Cu catalyst.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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