Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201802989
B. Hirst, D. Randell, Matthew Jones, D. Weidman, M. Dean
We describe and report the field performance of LightSource, a Shell proprietary technique for remotely detecting and locating multiple gas emission sources and simultaneously estimating their individual mass emission rates. The system was originally developed to provide atmospheric monitoring over the Quest CO2 storage site in Canada. It operates automatically using a ground-based optical sensor and is suited to continuous area monitoring. This new work supports enhanced CO2 source detectability by exploiting any naturally present CH4 released through CO2 migration in the subsurface. In these tests, we use a radically new open-path optical beam gas sensor based on Laser Dispersion Spectroscopy, LDS, which offers substantial operational advantages over the commercially available sensors we have used previously. We report on the method and performance achieved during 17 calibrated methane gas releases at the Chilbolton Observatory test site in the UK. The resulting concentration and wind data were processed using our LightSource code.
{"title":"Mapping CO2 And CH4 Emissions: Field-Trial Evaluation Of LightSource For Remotely Estimating The Locations And Mass Emission Rates Of Sources","authors":"B. Hirst, D. Randell, Matthew Jones, D. Weidman, M. Dean","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201802989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802989","url":null,"abstract":"We describe and report the field performance of LightSource, a Shell proprietary technique for remotely detecting and locating multiple gas emission sources and simultaneously estimating their individual mass emission rates. The system was originally developed to provide atmospheric monitoring over the Quest CO2 storage site in Canada. It operates automatically using a ground-based optical sensor and is suited to continuous area monitoring. This new work supports enhanced CO2 source detectability by exploiting any naturally present CH4 released through CO2 migration in the subsurface. In these tests, we use a radically new open-path optical beam gas sensor based on Laser Dispersion Spectroscopy, LDS, which offers substantial operational advantages over the commercially available sensors we have used previously. We report on the method and performance achieved during 17 calibrated methane gas releases at the Chilbolton Observatory test site in the UK. The resulting concentration and wind data were processed using our LightSource code.","PeriodicalId":254996,"journal":{"name":"Fifth CO2 Geological Storage Workshop","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126334744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201803001
P. Thomas, E. Kolltveit, Y. Heggelund, M. Wilks, A. Wuestefeld, K. Midttømme
DAS continues to be a promising and cost-effective technology for carbon storage monitoring applications including systems that monitor geological changes using active seismics, and also for passive mode operations, e.g. the monitoring of microseismic activity during CO2 injection. The authors have developed a DAS interrogator research platform that has enabled a better understanding of the critical equipment architecture and experimental factors influencing the collection and analysis of DAS data. The authors plan to test this at different CCS pilot installations. In the future, the performance and functionality of the DAS interrogator research platform will be expanded, and techniques for applying it developed further in order to meet CCS specific needs determined from wider collaboration.
{"title":"Exploring Geophysical Applications For Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Using A Flexible Interrogator Research Platform","authors":"P. Thomas, E. Kolltveit, Y. Heggelund, M. Wilks, A. Wuestefeld, K. Midttømme","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201803001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201803001","url":null,"abstract":"DAS continues to be a promising and cost-effective technology for carbon storage monitoring applications including systems that monitor geological changes using active seismics, and also for passive mode operations, e.g. the monitoring of microseismic activity during CO2 injection. The authors have developed a DAS interrogator research platform that has enabled a better understanding of the critical equipment architecture and experimental factors influencing the collection and analysis of DAS data. The authors plan to test this at different CCS pilot installations. In the future, the performance and functionality of the DAS interrogator research platform will be expanded, and techniques for applying it developed further in order to meet CCS specific needs determined from wider collaboration.","PeriodicalId":254996,"journal":{"name":"Fifth CO2 Geological Storage Workshop","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129341968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201803000
A. Halladay, S. O’Brien, O. Tucker, Jeff Duer
{"title":"Three Years Of Safe Operations At The Quest CCS Facility, Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, Canada","authors":"A. Halladay, S. O’Brien, O. Tucker, Jeff Duer","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201803000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201803000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":254996,"journal":{"name":"Fifth CO2 Geological Storage Workshop","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130102437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201802962
M. Fawad, N. Mondol
To evaluate subsurface reservoirs for CO2 sequestration, the grain scale properties and role of diagenesis is important for the injectivity and the subsequent mobilization. This study focuses on Johansen Formation of Jurassic age in the vicinity of Troll field within the northern North Sea. Johansen Formation is a saline aquifer and no hydrocarbon discovery has been reported in this reservoir so far. We analysed 24 wells using petrophysics and rock physics techniques to obtain net reservoir, net to gross ratio, effective porosity, volume of shale and level of cementation, and attempted to relate these parameters with the factors influencing them. The reservoir properties were found to be optimal approximately around depths shallower than 2000m (below sea floor, BSF). Even the shallowest sandstones exhibited cementation indicating calcite precipitation while the sediments deposited. Presence of shale however found to inhibit the quartz cementation possibly preserving the porosity. These findings will help understanding the complexity of the Johansen Sandstone as storage reservoir and the influence of heterogeneity on CO2 migration.
{"title":"Reservoir Characterisation Of Johansen Formation As Potential CO2 Storage Reservoir In The Northern North Sea","authors":"M. Fawad, N. Mondol","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201802962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802962","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate subsurface reservoirs for CO2 sequestration, the grain scale properties and role of diagenesis is important for the injectivity and the subsequent mobilization. This study focuses on Johansen Formation of Jurassic age in the vicinity of Troll field within the northern North Sea. Johansen Formation is a saline aquifer and no hydrocarbon discovery has been reported in this reservoir so far. We analysed 24 wells using petrophysics and rock physics techniques to obtain net reservoir, net to gross ratio, effective porosity, volume of shale and level of cementation, and attempted to relate these parameters with the factors influencing them. The reservoir properties were found to be optimal approximately around depths shallower than 2000m (below sea floor, BSF). Even the shallowest sandstones exhibited cementation indicating calcite precipitation while the sediments deposited. Presence of shale however found to inhibit the quartz cementation possibly preserving the porosity. These findings will help understanding the complexity of the Johansen Sandstone as storage reservoir and the influence of heterogeneity on CO2 migration.","PeriodicalId":254996,"journal":{"name":"Fifth CO2 Geological Storage Workshop","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131360230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201802954
F. Riis
In July 2018, the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy (MPE) offered an area in the northern Stord Basin for applications to exploit a subsea reservoir for injection and storage of CO₂. This will be the first licence regulated by the Norwegian regulation for CO2 Storage (2014). By offering the area south of the Troll Field for an exploitation licence, it was decided to continue with the qualification of the Johansen-Cook aquifer for the Northern Light project.
{"title":"Norway CCS Demonstration Project: Evaluation Of Jurassic Reservoirs For Safe CO2 Injection And Storage","authors":"F. Riis","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201802954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802954","url":null,"abstract":"In July 2018, the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy (MPE) offered an area in the northern Stord Basin for applications to exploit a subsea reservoir for injection and storage of CO₂. This will be the first licence regulated by the Norwegian regulation for CO2 Storage (2014). By offering the area south of the Troll Field for an exploitation licence, it was decided to continue with the qualification of the Johansen-Cook aquifer for the Northern Light project.","PeriodicalId":254996,"journal":{"name":"Fifth CO2 Geological Storage Workshop","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123945317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201802996
K. Rørvik, S. Eggen, M. Carpenter, N. Christensen
Gassnova is working to establish what could become Europe's first industrial CCS project. The project will demonstrate that carbon capture, transport and storage (abbreviated to CCS) is possible and safe to implement. A full-scale CCS project can provide lessons and experiences that new CCS projects can take advantage of. In this abstract we present some experiences from the maturation of storage sites on the NCS.
{"title":"Lessons Learned From Development Of The First Norwegian CSS Project","authors":"K. Rørvik, S. Eggen, M. Carpenter, N. Christensen","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201802996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802996","url":null,"abstract":"Gassnova is working to establish what could become Europe's first industrial CCS project. The project will demonstrate that carbon capture, transport and storage (abbreviated to CCS) is possible and safe to implement. A full-scale CCS project can provide lessons and experiences that new CCS projects can take advantage of. In this abstract we present some experiences from the maturation of storage sites on the NCS.","PeriodicalId":254996,"journal":{"name":"Fifth CO2 Geological Storage Workshop","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128964546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201802985
G. Wang, G. Pickup, K. Sorbie, E. Mackay
Summary The central objective of this paper is to study the balance and interactions of the different mechanistic contributions to the physics occurring during oil displacement by CO2 (both continuous and WAG). Mechanism 1 (M1) is the conventional oil stripping/compositional effect and Mechanism 2 (M2) is the near-miscible IFT effect on oil relative permeability through enhanced layer flow. Using sufficiently fine-scale models, we explain how these mechanisms interact with each other and affect the sweep and local displacement efficiency in a heterogeneous permeability field. We believe that studying the key processes separately leads to a greater insight into the physics of CO2 displacement, and this will help us to simulate the transition from immiscible to miscible displacement consistently at larger scales.
{"title":"Numerical Analysis Of Immiscible/Near-Miscible CO2-WAG Displacement, Incorporating Compositional And Interfacial Tension Effects","authors":"G. Wang, G. Pickup, K. Sorbie, E. Mackay","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201802985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802985","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The central objective of this paper is to study the balance and interactions of the different mechanistic contributions to the physics occurring during oil displacement by CO2 (both continuous and WAG). Mechanism 1 (M1) is the conventional oil stripping/compositional effect and Mechanism 2 (M2) is the near-miscible IFT effect on oil relative permeability through enhanced layer flow. Using sufficiently fine-scale models, we explain how these mechanisms interact with each other and affect the sweep and local displacement efficiency in a heterogeneous permeability field. We believe that studying the key processes separately leads to a greater insight into the physics of CO2 displacement, and this will help us to simulate the transition from immiscible to miscible displacement consistently at larger scales.","PeriodicalId":254996,"journal":{"name":"Fifth CO2 Geological Storage Workshop","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123785677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201802998
M. Dean, S. Bourne, D. Smit, O. Tucker, J. Snippe, K. Hindriks
Summary Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a key climate mitigation technology required to meet the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warming. Commercial-scale demonstration projects such as the Quest project in Alberta, Canada, or the Illinois Basin-Decatur project in Illinois, USA, have shown that the technology is feasible and safe. These projects demonstrate that existing technologies are sufficient for the successful implementation of CCS at the mega-tonne/year scale. However, scaling these technologies to meet the future need for giga-tonne/year storage remains a shared industry challenge. Responding to it demands addressing the low-probability, high-impact storage risks that cannot always be avoided within a large and diverse portfolio of CO2 storage projects. These include the risk of induced seismicity and fault reactivation, pressure management to improve storage security, exposure to legacy wells, and lowering the cost of large-scale containment monitoring. We propose four technology development pathways to address these giga-ton/year challenges, highlighting key focus areas.
{"title":"Scaling Technologies To Enable Giga-Tonne/Year CO2 Storage","authors":"M. Dean, S. Bourne, D. Smit, O. Tucker, J. Snippe, K. Hindriks","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201802998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802998","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a key climate mitigation technology required to meet the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warming. Commercial-scale demonstration projects such as the Quest project in Alberta, Canada, or the Illinois Basin-Decatur project in Illinois, USA, have shown that the technology is feasible and safe. These projects demonstrate that existing technologies are sufficient for the successful implementation of CCS at the mega-tonne/year scale. However, scaling these technologies to meet the future need for giga-tonne/year storage remains a shared industry challenge. Responding to it demands addressing the low-probability, high-impact storage risks that cannot always be avoided within a large and diverse portfolio of CO2 storage projects. These include the risk of induced seismicity and fault reactivation, pressure management to improve storage security, exposure to legacy wells, and lowering the cost of large-scale containment monitoring. We propose four technology development pathways to address these giga-ton/year challenges, highlighting key focus areas.","PeriodicalId":254996,"journal":{"name":"Fifth CO2 Geological Storage Workshop","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130639726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201803005
B. Dupuy, A. Romdhane, P. Eliasson
Summary We present an integrated methodology for quantitative CO2 monitoring using Bayesian formulation. A first step consists in full-waveform inversion and CSEM inversion solved with gradient-based inverse methods. Uncertainty assessment is then carried out using a posteriori covariance matrix analysis to derive velocity and resistivity maps with uncertainty. Then, rock physics inversion is done with semi-global optimisation methodology and uncertainty is propagated with Bayesian formulation to quantify the reliability of the final CO2 saturation estimates.
{"title":"Bayesian Inference In CO2 Storage Monitoring: A Way To Assess Uncertainties In Geophysical Inversions","authors":"B. Dupuy, A. Romdhane, P. Eliasson","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201803005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201803005","url":null,"abstract":"Summary We present an integrated methodology for quantitative CO2 monitoring using Bayesian formulation. A first step consists in full-waveform inversion and CSEM inversion solved with gradient-based inverse methods. Uncertainty assessment is then carried out using a posteriori covariance matrix analysis to derive velocity and resistivity maps with uncertainty. Then, rock physics inversion is done with semi-global optimisation methodology and uncertainty is propagated with Bayesian formulation to quantify the reliability of the final CO2 saturation estimates.","PeriodicalId":254996,"journal":{"name":"Fifth CO2 Geological Storage Workshop","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129447538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201802970
H. Lauritsen, S. Kassold, R. Meneguolo, A. Furre
Summary In 2016, a study identified the Smeaheia area located 30km off the western coast of Norway, as a suitable storage site for CO2. A concept selection study requested by the Gassnova public enterprise was subsequently performed by the Northern Lights subsurface team, a group comprised of personnel from Equinor and partners. The study revealed challenges with the various geological structures planned for CO2 storage, as well as the importance of understanding the pressure connectivity with the neighbouring hydrocarbon producing Troll field. Due to these challenges Smeaheia was not found mature enough for concept selection at this stage
{"title":"Assessing Potential Influence Of Nearby Hydrocarbon Production On CO2 Storage At Smeaheia","authors":"H. Lauritsen, S. Kassold, R. Meneguolo, A. Furre","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201802970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802970","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In 2016, a study identified the Smeaheia area located 30km off the western coast of Norway, as a suitable storage site for CO2. A concept selection study requested by the Gassnova public enterprise was subsequently performed by the Northern Lights subsurface team, a group comprised of personnel from Equinor and partners. The study revealed challenges with the various geological structures planned for CO2 storage, as well as the importance of understanding the pressure connectivity with the neighbouring hydrocarbon producing Troll field. Due to these challenges Smeaheia was not found mature enough for concept selection at this stage","PeriodicalId":254996,"journal":{"name":"Fifth CO2 Geological Storage Workshop","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114322456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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