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2007 50th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems最新文献

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Designing CMOS hardware processor for vehicle tracking 设计用于车辆跟踪的CMOS硬件处理器
Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2007.4488796
Hua Tang, T. Kwon, Yi Zheng, Hairong Chang
It is well known that vehicle tracking processes are very computationally intensive. Traditionally, vehicle tracking algorithms have been implemented using software approaches. The goal of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of developing a hardware-based tracking system. We propose a tracking algorithm with vehicle motion detection based on block matching algorithm, which is well suited to customized hardware implementation. The proposed tracking algorithm is first simulated in MATLAB and the CMOS circuit design was simulated in Cadence. When tested on traffic images captured from an intersection, it is found that vehicle movements can be accurately identified in spite of some noisy motion. Also, the estimated computational time for the hardware based tracking system is much reduced compared to traditional software-based tracking system.
众所周知,车辆跟踪过程的计算量非常大。传统上,车辆跟踪算法是使用软件方法实现的。本文的目标是研究开发基于硬件的跟踪系统的可行性。我们提出了一种基于块匹配算法的车辆运动检测跟踪算法,该算法非常适合定制硬件实现。首先在MATLAB中对所提出的跟踪算法进行了仿真,并在Cadence中对CMOS电路设计进行了仿真。通过对从十字路口采集的交通图像进行测试,发现尽管存在一些噪声,但仍能准确识别车辆的运动。此外,与传统的基于软件的跟踪系统相比,基于硬件的跟踪系统的估计计算时间大大减少。
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引用次数: 1
A low power IC to enable optical communications in a robotic swarm 一种低功耗集成电路,可在机器人群中实现光通信
Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2007.4488702
O. Alonso, R. Casanova, A. Sanuy, A. Arbat, J. Canals, Á. Diéguez, J. Samitier
In this paper a low power transceiver for short-range IR-communications between robots is described. The mm3- sized robots will be deployed in an arena of A4 sheet size with controlled illumination conditions. The transceiver can manage variations of background light from point to point in the arena, interferences induced by other robots and deals with the inter-robot distance, i.e., the amplitude of the signal to be detected.
本文介绍了一种用于机器人间近距离红外通信的低功率收发器。这些3毫米大小的机器人将被部署在A4纸大小的舞台上,并控制照明条件。收发器可以处理场地中点到点的背景光变化、其他机器人引起的干扰,并处理机器人之间的距离,即待检测信号的幅度。
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引用次数: 1
A robust pitch detection algorithm for speech signals in a practical noisy environment 一种在实际噪声环境下对语音信号进行鲁棒基音检测的算法
Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2007.4488611
C. Shahnaz, W. Zhu, M. Ahmad
In this paper, a robust pitch detection algorithm is proposed for speech signals severely corrupted by a non-stationary noise. Using low-frequency band of noisy speech, an effective noise reduction approach is first formulated for power spectral subtraction to track the time-variation of the non-stationary noise prior to pitch detection. Then, a new normalized circular difference function of the enhanced speech, which almost conquers the constraint of overlapping between the first formant and the pitch, is proposed. Simulation results using the Keele reference database demonstrate a better efficacy of the proposed algorithm relative to some of the existing methods in a practical multi-talker babble noise environment.
本文针对被非平稳噪声严重干扰的语音信号,提出了一种鲁棒的基音检测算法。首先利用低频带噪声语音,提出了一种有效的功率谱减噪方法,在基音检测之前跟踪非平稳噪声的时变。在此基础上,提出了一种新的归一化圆形差分函数,该函数几乎克服了第一共振峰与音高重叠的限制。基于Keele参考数据库的仿真结果表明,在实际的多话音噪声环境下,该算法比现有的一些方法具有更好的效果。
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引用次数: 1
Design trade-offs for load/store buffers in embedded processing environments 在嵌入式处理环境中设计负载/存储缓冲区的权衡
Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2007.4488819
Y. Kang, J. Draper
Memory latency is a critical issue for conventional high-speed computing platforms, and it is becoming a common problem in embedded and CMP (chip multiprocessing) systems as well. Conventional processors typically adopt caches and a load/store queue (LSQ) to address the processor-to-memory bottleneck. However, the conventional LSQ design, which has a large number of entries, is not appropriate for embedded systems due to its area and power hungry out-of- order speculation. A compact, low-power load/store buffer that also provides significant performance improvement is essential for such systems. In this paper, we propose an area-efficient wideword load/store buffer (WLSB) which supports both WideWord (256-bit) and scalar (32-bit) load/store instructions for a recently fabricated PIM (processing-in-memory) device. Given its small size, the 4 entry WLSB yields a 57.33% load hit rate on SPEC2K benchmarks. This result is 5.72% better as compared to a less area-efficient 32-entry fully associative scalar load/store buffer (SLSB). The WLSB was synthesized in IBM 90 nm technology, and the resulting implementation occupies less than a seventh of a square mm and is projected to run at 1.6 ns cycle time with 15.72 mW of dynamic power dissipation. This paper demonstrates how this very small-entry buffer can affect the load hit rate and quantifies the design trade-offs between wide small-entry and narrow large-entry buffers with respect to size, power, load hit ratio and clock speed. Although this WLSB has been specifically designed to benefit a PIM architecture, it is expected to be useful for other embedded processing platforms and CMPs due to emphasized area/power constraints.
内存延迟是传统高速计算平台的一个关键问题,并且在嵌入式和芯片多处理(CMP)系统中也成为一个普遍问题。传统处理器通常采用缓存和加载/存储队列(LSQ)来解决处理器到内存的瓶颈。然而,传统的LSQ设计具有大量的条目,由于其面积和功耗的失序推测而不适合嵌入式系统。紧凑、低功耗的负载/存储缓冲器也提供了显著的性能改进,这对此类系统至关重要。在本文中,我们提出了一种面积高效的宽字加载/存储缓冲区(WLSB),它支持宽字(256位)和标量(32位)加载/存储指令,用于最近制造的PIM(内存中处理)设备。考虑到它的小尺寸,4条目WLSB在SPEC2K基准测试中产生57.33%的负载命中率。与面积效率较低的32项全关联标量加载/存储缓冲区(SLSB)相比,这个结果好5.72%。WLSB是在IBM 90nm技术中合成的,最终实现占地不到七分之一平方毫米,预计运行周期为1.6 ns,动态功耗为15.72 mW。本文演示了这个非常小的入口缓冲区如何影响负载命中率,并量化了宽的小入口缓冲区和窄的大入口缓冲区在大小、功率、负载命中率和时钟速度方面的设计权衡。虽然这个WLSB是专门为PIM架构设计的,但由于强调面积/功率限制,它预计对其他嵌入式处理平台和cmp也很有用。
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引用次数: 0
A low noise 13 GHz power efficient 16/17 prescaler with rail to rail output amplitude 低噪声13 GHz功率高效16/17预分频器,轨到轨输出幅度
Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2007.4488621
E. Eschenko, M. S. Candidate, K. Entesari
A state of the art 16/17 prescaler using current mode logic (CML) D-Flip Flops, CMOS inverters, and transmission gates for the .18mu TSMC process with a 1.8 V supply voltage is presented. The prescaler consists of a 4/5 synchronous core and a feedback loop which modulates the 4/5 core to produce a division ratio of 16/17. Instead of employing power hungry CML, the feedback circuit takes advantage of low power NOR and AND gates realized in transmission gate logic (TGL) to reduce the power consumption. To the best of our knowledge, this technique has never been used in a high frequency prescaler before. Additionally, this work will serve as a comprehensive description of the numerous considerations of prescaler design including explanation of gate-level design and transistor level optimization. Furthermore, digital circuit output is efficiently buffered with CMOS inverters for rail- to-rail operation, maximizing slew rate which minimizes phase noise. The simulated phase noise is -150 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz and the input bandwidth is 2 GHz (11 GHz and 13 GHz). The power consumption of the entire prescaler is 18.5 mW. All of the above results were obtained from post-layout simulations. Circuit layout has been completed and sent for fabrication.
介绍了一种采用电流模式逻辑(CML) D-Flip - flop、CMOS逆变器和传输门的16/17预分频器,用于1.8 V电源电压下的0.18 mu TSMC工艺。预分频器由一个4/5同步核心和一个反馈回路组成,该反馈回路调制4/5核心以产生16/17的分频比。该反馈电路不采用功耗高的CML,而是利用传输门逻辑(TGL)实现的低功耗NOR和and门来降低功耗。据我们所知,这种技术以前从未在高频预分频器中使用过。此外,这项工作将作为预分频器设计的众多考虑因素的全面描述,包括门级设计和晶体管级优化的解释。此外,数字电路输出有效地缓冲了CMOS逆变器的轨对轨操作,最大限度地提高了转换率,最大限度地减少了相位噪声。仿真相位噪声为- 150dbc /Hz @ 1mhz,输入带宽为2ghz (1ghz和13ghz)。整个预压机的功耗为18.5 mW。以上结果均通过布局后仿真得到。电路布置图已经完成并送去制作。
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引用次数: 5
Precise free-running period synthesizer (FRPS) with process and temperature compensation 精确的自由运行周期合成器(FRPS),具有过程和温度补偿
Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2007.4488754
B. Pontikakis, F. Boyer, Y. Savaria, H. Bui
This paper proposes an all-digital, automated, clock generator based on a free-running oscillator that can generate arbitrarily precise frequencies. The entire system can be implemented using standard cells and even has a compensation system to mitigate the effects of environmental variations on frequency. The design is implemented in VHDL and synthesized using Artisan standard-cells in TSMC's 180 nm CMOS technology. Post-layout timing analysis shows that the proposed free-running period synthesizer (FPRS) can operate at a frequency of up to 175 MHz. The architecture was also validated with an implementation on a Xilinx's Spartan 3 FPGA that works at 80 MHz. In both implementations, the worst case peak to peak jitter of the output clock is equal to one period of the free-running oscillator.
本文提出了一种基于自由运行振荡器的全数字、自动化时钟发生器,可以产生任意精确的频率。整个系统可以使用标准单元来实现,甚至有一个补偿系统来减轻环境变化对频率的影响。该设计是在VHDL中实现的,并在台积电180纳米CMOS技术中使用Artisan标准单元进行合成。布局后时序分析表明,所提出的自由运行周期合成器(FPRS)可以在高达175 MHz的频率下工作。该架构还在Xilinx的Spartan 3 FPGA上进行了验证,工作频率为80 MHz。在这两种实现中,输出时钟的峰值到峰值抖动的最坏情况等于自由运行振荡器的一个周期。
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引用次数: 10
Delay and slew analysis of VLSI interconnects using difference model approach 差分模型法分析VLSI互连的时延和摆幅
Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2007.4488792
J. Ravindra, M. Srinivas
In high speed digital integrated circuits, inductive- coupling effects in interconnects can be significant and should be included for accurate delay-noise analysis. In this paper, an analytical framework to model delay and slew metrics in coupled RLC interconnects is presented. The proposed models are based on difference model approach which involves the dynamic part of system transfer function. The models are generic in nature and can be applied to symmetric driver-and-line configurations for aggressor and victim wires. The model is compared against SPICE simulations and is shown to capture delay and slew accurately. Over a large set of random test cases, the average error in delay and slew estimation is approximately 1.8% and 3.2% respectively. A key feature of the new model is that its derivation and form enables an insight into the inductively coupled noise-waveform. Due to its simplicity and physical nature, the proposed model can be applied to asymmetric transmission lines. The obtained results indicate that common (capacitive) noise-avoidance techniques can behave quite differently when capacitive and inductive coupling are considered together.
在高速数字集成电路中,互连中的电感耦合效应可能是显著的,为了准确地分析延迟噪声,应该将其包括在内。本文提出了一种耦合RLC互连中时延和回转指标建模的分析框架。所提出的模型基于差分模型方法,涉及系统传递函数的动态部分。这些模型本质上是通用的,可以应用于攻击者和受害者线路的对称驱动和线路配置。将该模型与SPICE仿真进行了比较,结果表明该模型能够准确地捕获延迟和回转。在大量随机测试用例中,延迟和回转估计的平均误差分别约为1.8%和3.2%。新模型的一个关键特征是它的推导和形式使我们能够深入了解电感耦合噪声波形。由于该模型的简单性和物理性质,可以应用于非对称传输线。所得结果表明,当电容性和电感性耦合同时考虑时,常见的(电容性)噪声避免技术的性能会大不相同。
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引用次数: 0
An advanced placement method for SoC floorplanning based on ACO algorithm 一种基于蚁群算法的SoC布局优化方法
Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2007.4488757
Rong Luo, Peng Sun
In this paper, we present an advanced placement which aims at both flattening the temperature and decreasing the area in SoC floorplanning. The placement process is ingeniously converted into a quasi TSP problem and is solved by ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. Compared to traditional algorithms based on O-tree and B*-tree optimization, our results show great improvement in calculating speed while promising satisfying accuracy.
在本文中,我们提出了一种先进的安置方案,旨在降低SoC地板规划中的温度和面积。该方法将布局过程巧妙地转化为一个准TSP问题,并采用蚁群优化算法求解。与传统的基于o树和B*树优化的算法相比,我们的结果在保证令人满意的精度的同时,在计算速度上有了很大的提高。
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引用次数: 1
CMOS integrated system for magnetic field monitoring and gradient measurement in MRI environment MRI环境下磁场监测与梯度测量的CMOS集成系统
Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2007.4488543
V. Frick, J. Pascal, L. Hébrard, J. Blonde, J. Felblinger
This paper reports on a standard CMOS integrated system for monitoring the magnetic fields in MRI environments. The sub-micron technology circuit features three horizontal hall devices and their associated electronics that form instrumental chains. Two of them are dedicated to millitesla range magnetic pulse and gradient measurement whereas the third one is for monitoring the strong static field of the MRI setup. The 0.35 mum technology prototype performs 130 muT gradient measurement with 20 muT resolution and can also map static fields as high as 1.5T.
本文报道了一种用于MRI环境下磁场监测的标准CMOS集成系统。亚微米技术电路的特点是三个水平霍尔装置及其相关的电子设备,形成仪器链。其中两个专用于毫特斯拉范围的磁脉冲和梯度测量,而第三个用于监测MRI装置的强静态场。0.35 μ m技术原型以20 μ t分辨率进行130 μ t梯度测量,还可以绘制高达1.5 μ t的静态场。
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引用次数: 10
SiP power management unit with embedded temperature sensor powered by piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting SiP电源管理单元,内置温度传感器,由压电振动能量收集供电
Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2007.4488666
J. Colomer, P. Miribel, A. Saiz-Vela, J. Brufau, J. Maa, M. Puig-Vidal, J. Samitier
Nowadays, there is an important interest in smart wireless sensors. A key point in their development is the way they are powered. Piezoelectric energy conversion can be used for such purpose. In this paper, a novel architecture that combines in a single integrated circuit the power conditioning circuitry needed to use piezoelectric energy conversion and an embedded temperature sensor is presented.
如今,人们对智能无线传感器产生了浓厚的兴趣。它们发展的一个关键点是它们的动力方式。压电能量转换可用于此目的。本文提出了一种将压电能量转换所需的功率调节电路和嵌入式温度传感器结合在单个集成电路中的新型结构。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
2007 50th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems
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