Pub Date : 2007-04-02DOI: 10.1109/PCCON.2007.373161
H. Gruening, K. Koyanagi, M. Mukunoki
A clamp circuit using non-linear reactors is proposed for the application with high power inverters. For stable inverter operation under all typical operation conditions the cores receive self-resetting characteristics by implementation of a base inductance value in the non-saturated state through air-gap or inductor paralleling. Various circuit configurations investigated by a 6 kA-6 kV-GCT chopper setup are compared to a traditional clamp using a linear anode reactor. New simulation models developed for the cores and diodes are tuned by the experimental results and applied to investigate 2-level and 3-level circuits. Using self-resetting saturable reactors, low freewheel diode reverse recovery stress is achieved especially at small load current even at a very high value of dl/dt.
{"title":"Low Reverse Recovery Stress in High Power Converters achieved by Self-Resetting Saturable Reactors","authors":"H. Gruening, K. Koyanagi, M. Mukunoki","doi":"10.1109/PCCON.2007.373161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCCON.2007.373161","url":null,"abstract":"A clamp circuit using non-linear reactors is proposed for the application with high power inverters. For stable inverter operation under all typical operation conditions the cores receive self-resetting characteristics by implementation of a base inductance value in the non-saturated state through air-gap or inductor paralleling. Various circuit configurations investigated by a 6 kA-6 kV-GCT chopper setup are compared to a traditional clamp using a linear anode reactor. New simulation models developed for the cores and diodes are tuned by the experimental results and applied to investigate 2-level and 3-level circuits. Using self-resetting saturable reactors, low freewheel diode reverse recovery stress is achieved especially at small load current even at a very high value of dl/dt.","PeriodicalId":325362,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133178923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-02DOI: 10.1109/PCCON.2007.373030
Y. Ueda, H. Ohsaki
Recently, further improvement of performance of actuators is required to realize high performance and efficient systems. Direct drive of multi-degrees of freedom is one of the expected technologies for the future. This paper deals with a small actuator for multi-degrees of freedom, which has a mover consisting of Halbach permanent magnets and air-core armature conductors arranged in a multi-layers printed circuit board. This paper presents investigation of electromagnetic force characteristics for six degrees of freedom by numerical analysis and stability of the mover motion for six degrees of freedom.
{"title":"Fundamental characteristics of a small actuator with a magnetically levitated mover","authors":"Y. Ueda, H. Ohsaki","doi":"10.1109/PCCON.2007.373030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCCON.2007.373030","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, further improvement of performance of actuators is required to realize high performance and efficient systems. Direct drive of multi-degrees of freedom is one of the expected technologies for the future. This paper deals with a small actuator for multi-degrees of freedom, which has a mover consisting of Halbach permanent magnets and air-core armature conductors arranged in a multi-layers printed circuit board. This paper presents investigation of electromagnetic force characteristics for six degrees of freedom by numerical analysis and stability of the mover motion for six degrees of freedom.","PeriodicalId":325362,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133615654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-02DOI: 10.1109/PCCON.2007.373053
K. Kato, J. Itoh
This paper proposes a novel hybrid commutation method and a compensation method for the output voltage error and input current error of a matrix converter in order to improve the input current. The proposed commutation method combines input voltage commutation and load current commutation. There are two conventional commutation methods; one that depends on the polarity of the input line voltage and is called voltage commutation, and one that depends on the polarity of the output current and is called current commutation. However, a problem with voltage commutation is that commutation failure occurs at around an input line voltage of zero. It is difficult to detect the voltage polarity due to dependence on the offset and delay of the sensor. Similarly, current commutation failure occurs at around a load current of zero. The cause of these detection errors are detection delay and the offset of the sensor. However, the proposed commutation method can decrease the commutation failure without the need for a high accuracy sensor, because the current commutation is compensated by the voltage commutation. In addition, a new commutation error compensation method is proposed for the proposed commutation. The output voltage and input current error are compensated at the same time, because the duty ratio of each switch is directly compensated. The proposed method is validated based on the experimental results with a 750 W induction motor and a R-L load. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the input current and the output current with the proposed hybrid commutation are 3.9% and 2.1%, respectively, and are obtained for an induction motor load with vector control.
{"title":"Improvement of Input Current Waveforms for a Matrix Converter Using a Novel Hybrid Commutation Method","authors":"K. Kato, J. Itoh","doi":"10.1109/PCCON.2007.373053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCCON.2007.373053","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel hybrid commutation method and a compensation method for the output voltage error and input current error of a matrix converter in order to improve the input current. The proposed commutation method combines input voltage commutation and load current commutation. There are two conventional commutation methods; one that depends on the polarity of the input line voltage and is called voltage commutation, and one that depends on the polarity of the output current and is called current commutation. However, a problem with voltage commutation is that commutation failure occurs at around an input line voltage of zero. It is difficult to detect the voltage polarity due to dependence on the offset and delay of the sensor. Similarly, current commutation failure occurs at around a load current of zero. The cause of these detection errors are detection delay and the offset of the sensor. However, the proposed commutation method can decrease the commutation failure without the need for a high accuracy sensor, because the current commutation is compensated by the voltage commutation. In addition, a new commutation error compensation method is proposed for the proposed commutation. The output voltage and input current error are compensated at the same time, because the duty ratio of each switch is directly compensated. The proposed method is validated based on the experimental results with a 750 W induction motor and a R-L load. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the input current and the output current with the proposed hybrid commutation are 3.9% and 2.1%, respectively, and are obtained for an induction motor load with vector control.","PeriodicalId":325362,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133958898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-02DOI: 10.1109/PCCON.2007.372984
H. Kubota, Y. Shibano
This paper presents an initial pole position estimation method for low cost system which measures only the DC link current of inverters. The PWM patterns are restricted for this system in order to detect the phase currents. The saturation effect for the tested IPMSM is very weak. So, a method applicable to weak saturation effect machines is investigated.
{"title":"Initial Pole Position Estimation of IPMSM with DC Link Current Measurement - Approach for Weak Saturation Effect Machines","authors":"H. Kubota, Y. Shibano","doi":"10.1109/PCCON.2007.372984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCCON.2007.372984","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an initial pole position estimation method for low cost system which measures only the DC link current of inverters. The PWM patterns are restricted for this system in order to detect the phase currents. The saturation effect for the tested IPMSM is very weak. So, a method applicable to weak saturation effect machines is investigated.","PeriodicalId":325362,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya","volume":"221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131786853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-02DOI: 10.1109/PCCON.2007.373050
Y. Hsieh, W. Chen, K. Ng, C. Moo
Similar to series-connected batteries, series-connected cells in a battery pack also suffer from the perplexity of unbalanced voltage while charging or discharging processes, especially for lead-acid batteries. This paper is to study the impact on capacity reduction under different operation conditions, such as different float-charging voltages, different cut-off discharging voltages and even discharging to negative voltages. The results reveal that the health of battery cells is more significantly affected by float-charging voltage than by the discharging cut-off voltage. However, discharging a cell into exceedingly negative voltage incurs a destructive consequence. A bypass protection circuit is proposed to mitigate the deterioration rate of battery cells. Experimental results show that the capacity reduction rate can be decreased distinctly.
{"title":"Investigation on Operating Characteristics of Individual Cells in a Lead-Acid Battery Pack","authors":"Y. Hsieh, W. Chen, K. Ng, C. Moo","doi":"10.1109/PCCON.2007.373050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCCON.2007.373050","url":null,"abstract":"Similar to series-connected batteries, series-connected cells in a battery pack also suffer from the perplexity of unbalanced voltage while charging or discharging processes, especially for lead-acid batteries. This paper is to study the impact on capacity reduction under different operation conditions, such as different float-charging voltages, different cut-off discharging voltages and even discharging to negative voltages. The results reveal that the health of battery cells is more significantly affected by float-charging voltage than by the discharging cut-off voltage. However, discharging a cell into exceedingly negative voltage incurs a destructive consequence. A bypass protection circuit is proposed to mitigate the deterioration rate of battery cells. Experimental results show that the capacity reduction rate can be decreased distinctly.","PeriodicalId":325362,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124672789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-02DOI: 10.1109/PCCON.2007.373082
N. Mutoh, K. Yokota
This paper describes a method to distribute driving and breaking torques to electric vehicles (EVs) driven by front and rear wheels independently while estimating the distance between an obstacle and the running vehicle and the road surface situations using CCD cameras. The method is comprised of braking torque distribution procedures to control wheel locks generated due to load movement occurring every time braking operations are performed and driving torque distribution procedures to control wheel spins occurring when vehicles are accelerated on bad roads with low friction coefficients. The former distributes the braking torque to the front and rear wheels based on the distance between the vehicle and an obstacle which is calculated using the information acquired from CCD cameras while taking the load movement into consideration. The latter determines the driving torque distributed to the wheels based on a friction coefficient predicted from the front road surface state obtained from the CCD cameras. Effectiveness of the torque distribution method is verified through simulations and experiments.
{"title":"A Torque Distribution Method Using CCD Cameras That Is Suitable for Electric Vehicles Driven by Front and Rear Wheels Independently","authors":"N. Mutoh, K. Yokota","doi":"10.1109/PCCON.2007.373082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCCON.2007.373082","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a method to distribute driving and breaking torques to electric vehicles (EVs) driven by front and rear wheels independently while estimating the distance between an obstacle and the running vehicle and the road surface situations using CCD cameras. The method is comprised of braking torque distribution procedures to control wheel locks generated due to load movement occurring every time braking operations are performed and driving torque distribution procedures to control wheel spins occurring when vehicles are accelerated on bad roads with low friction coefficients. The former distributes the braking torque to the front and rear wheels based on the distance between the vehicle and an obstacle which is calculated using the information acquired from CCD cameras while taking the load movement into consideration. The latter determines the driving torque distributed to the wheels based on a friction coefficient predicted from the front road surface state obtained from the CCD cameras. Effectiveness of the torque distribution method is verified through simulations and experiments.","PeriodicalId":325362,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124865189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-02DOI: 10.1109/PCCON.2007.373187
T. Jimichi, H. Fujita, H. Akagi
This paper proposes a control method for eliminating dc magnetic flux from the series transformer of a DVR. The method is characterized by intentionally injecting no compensating voltage during a one-sixth line cycle (=3.3 ms at 50 Hz). The control sequence is independent of an initial phase angle of a voltage sag, thus requiring no flux detection. The period, during which no compensating voltage is injected, is one-third as short as that of an existing method. This paper verifies the effectiveness and viability of the proposed method, using a 200-V, 5-kW laboratory system. The proposed method brings no dc magnetic flux to the series transformer.
{"title":"A Practical Approach to Eliminating DC Magnetic Flux from the Series Transformer of a Dynamic Voltage Restorer","authors":"T. Jimichi, H. Fujita, H. Akagi","doi":"10.1109/PCCON.2007.373187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCCON.2007.373187","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a control method for eliminating dc magnetic flux from the series transformer of a DVR. The method is characterized by intentionally injecting no compensating voltage during a one-sixth line cycle (=3.3 ms at 50 Hz). The control sequence is independent of an initial phase angle of a voltage sag, thus requiring no flux detection. The period, during which no compensating voltage is injected, is one-third as short as that of an existing method. This paper verifies the effectiveness and viability of the proposed method, using a 200-V, 5-kW laboratory system. The proposed method brings no dc magnetic flux to the series transformer.","PeriodicalId":325362,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125311257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-02DOI: 10.1109/PCCON.2007.373099
H. Hara, E. Yamamoto, T. Yamada, J. Oyama, T. Higuchi, T. Abe
The matrix converter (MXC) is an AC-to-AC direct power conversion system that can generate variable voltage variable frequency output. It is fully regenerative and has sinusoidal input current with unity power factor. MXC is the power conversion system paid widely attention from the viewpoint of environmental harmony. MXC system consists of small input LC filter and nine bidirectional switches. By employing a suitable PWM technique, these switches can control the output voltages and input current. We proposed control method based on two-phase modulation PWM and favorable input current characteristic was confirmed by experimental results. However, a detailed analysis of MXC in the real system was difficult because of complex control method and the voltage error for current commutation. In this paper, the entire system simulation model is created for detailed analysis such as the input current distortion. This model consists of the actual hardware model and the control program model. A detailed analysis concerning the input current distortion and motor drive performances were made through the simulation model.
{"title":"Analysis of Control Performance of Matrix Converter in a High-speed Region using Circuit Simulator","authors":"H. Hara, E. Yamamoto, T. Yamada, J. Oyama, T. Higuchi, T. Abe","doi":"10.1109/PCCON.2007.373099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCCON.2007.373099","url":null,"abstract":"The matrix converter (MXC) is an AC-to-AC direct power conversion system that can generate variable voltage variable frequency output. It is fully regenerative and has sinusoidal input current with unity power factor. MXC is the power conversion system paid widely attention from the viewpoint of environmental harmony. MXC system consists of small input LC filter and nine bidirectional switches. By employing a suitable PWM technique, these switches can control the output voltages and input current. We proposed control method based on two-phase modulation PWM and favorable input current characteristic was confirmed by experimental results. However, a detailed analysis of MXC in the real system was difficult because of complex control method and the voltage error for current commutation. In this paper, the entire system simulation model is created for detailed analysis such as the input current distortion. This model consists of the actual hardware model and the control program model. A detailed analysis concerning the input current distortion and motor drive performances were made through the simulation model.","PeriodicalId":325362,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132419376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-02DOI: 10.1109/PCCON.2007.373174
C. Zwyssig, M. Duerr, D. Hassler, J. Kolar
New emerging micro gas turbine generator sets and turbocompressor systems push the speed limits of rotating machinery. To directly connect to these applications, ultra-high-speed electrical drive systems are needed. Therefore a 1 kW, 500000 rpm machine and the according power and control electronics are designed and built. This paper includes design considerations for the mechanical and electromagnetic machine design. Furthermore, a voltage source inverter with an additional dc-dc converter is described, and sensorless rotor position detection and digital control is used to drive the machine. Finally, the hardware and experimental results are presented.
{"title":"An Ultra-High-Speed, 500000 rpm, 1 kW Electrical Drive System","authors":"C. Zwyssig, M. Duerr, D. Hassler, J. Kolar","doi":"10.1109/PCCON.2007.373174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCCON.2007.373174","url":null,"abstract":"New emerging micro gas turbine generator sets and turbocompressor systems push the speed limits of rotating machinery. To directly connect to these applications, ultra-high-speed electrical drive systems are needed. Therefore a 1 kW, 500000 rpm machine and the according power and control electronics are designed and built. This paper includes design considerations for the mechanical and electromagnetic machine design. Furthermore, a voltage source inverter with an additional dc-dc converter is described, and sensorless rotor position detection and digital control is used to drive the machine. Finally, the hardware and experimental results are presented.","PeriodicalId":325362,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132167207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-02DOI: 10.1109/PCCON.2007.373173
J. Oyama, T. Higuchi, T. Abe, K. Shigematsu, R. Moriguchi
We designed and built a trial small size and ultra-high speed motor of 2 poles, 5kW and 240,000rpm as the target. And we had described our prototype ultra-high speed drive system and some experimental results in previous papers. But the evaluation of this kind of motor drive system is difficult only by the experiments. Then we also had described the electric and magnetic coupled analysis which was used not only the motor model from FEM but also the drive and control system models in the circuit simulation. This paper explains the ultra-high speed drive system including improved control method and presents experimental results using redesigned motor, and we illustrate the confirming availability of the total drive system model created by using VHDL-AMS and C-language as well.
{"title":"The Development of Small Size Ultra-High Speed Drive System","authors":"J. Oyama, T. Higuchi, T. Abe, K. Shigematsu, R. Moriguchi","doi":"10.1109/PCCON.2007.373173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCCON.2007.373173","url":null,"abstract":"We designed and built a trial small size and ultra-high speed motor of 2 poles, 5kW and 240,000rpm as the target. And we had described our prototype ultra-high speed drive system and some experimental results in previous papers. But the evaluation of this kind of motor drive system is difficult only by the experiments. Then we also had described the electric and magnetic coupled analysis which was used not only the motor model from FEM but also the drive and control system models in the circuit simulation. This paper explains the ultra-high speed drive system including improved control method and presents experimental results using redesigned motor, and we illustrate the confirming availability of the total drive system model created by using VHDL-AMS and C-language as well.","PeriodicalId":325362,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133901396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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