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2009 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium最新文献

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Fundamental understanding of porous low-k dielectric breakdown 对多孔低k介电击穿的基本认识
Pub Date : 2009-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173300
Shou-Chung Lee, A. Oates, Kow-Ming Chang
We investigate the impact of porosity on the reliability of low-k dielectrics. We show that electric field enhancement around pores occurs and is significantly increased by Cu interaction, suggesting a new potential mechanism for breakdown of dielectrics at stress conditions. We develop of an analytic model to predict failure distribution parameters as a function of porosity and show that the model is in good agreement with measurements for porosity in the range of 5% to 40%. We explain why the field acceleration factor γ is a constant for all silica-based material according to percolation theory. We propose that the percolation path difference between high field and low field would make the field dependence on failure time become non-linear.
我们研究了孔隙率对低k介电材料可靠性的影响。我们发现孔隙周围的电场增强发生,并且Cu相互作用显著增加,这表明在应力条件下介质击穿的一种新的潜在机制。我们建立了一个分析模型来预测破坏分布参数作为孔隙度的函数,并表明该模型与孔隙度在5%至40%范围内的测量值很好地吻合。根据渗流理论,我们解释了为什么场加速度因子γ是所有硅基材料的常数。我们提出,高场和低场的渗流路径差异会使场对失效时间的依赖成为非线性的。
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引用次数: 18
Investigation on hot carrier reliability of Gate-All-Around Twin Si Nanowire Field Effect Transistor 栅极全能双硅纳米线场效应晶体管热载流子可靠性研究
Pub Date : 2009-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173286
Y. Yeoh, S. Suk, Ming Li, K. Yeo, Dong-Won Kim, G. Jin, Kyoungsuk Oh
Hot carrier (HC) reliability of Gate-All-Around Twin Si Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (GAA TSNWFET) is reported and discussed with respect to size and shape of nanowire channel, gate length, thickness and kind of gate dielectric in detail. Smaller nanowire channel size, shorter gate length and thinner gate oxide down to 2nm thickness show worse hot carrier reliability. The worst VD for 10 years guaranty, 1.31V, satisfies requirement of ITRS roadmap.
本文报道并详细讨论了栅极-全能双硅纳米线场效应晶体管(GAA TSNWFET)的热载流子可靠性,包括纳米线沟道的尺寸和形状、栅极长度、厚度和栅极介电介质的种类。纳米线沟道尺寸越小,栅极长度越短,栅极氧化物厚度越薄,热载流子可靠性越差。10年保修期最差VD为1.31V,满足ITRS路线图要求。
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引用次数: 8
Performanace and reliability analysis of 3D-integration structures employing Through Silicon Via (TSV) 采用透硅孔(TSV)的三维集成结构性能与可靠性分析
Pub Date : 2009-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173329
A. Karmarkar, Xiaopeng Xu, V. Moroz
Large thermal mismatch stress can be introduced in 3D-Integration structures employing Through-Silicon-Via (TSV). The stress distribution in silicon and interconnect is affected by the via diameter and layout geometry. The TSV induced stress changes silicon mobility and ultimately alters device performance. The mobility and performance change differs in nand p- silicon and is a function of the distance to the TSV. In addition, the TSV induced stress acts on the barrier layer, the landing pad, the interconnects, and the dielectrics. The interactions with defects may lead to crack nucleation and growth, and compromise the structure reliability. Furthermore, the material choice that reduces silicon stress for less impact on performance may increase stresses in other regions where reliability is of concern. This paper studies these effects and their dependence on various integration configurations.
采用通硅通孔(TSV)的三维集成结构会引入较大的热失配应力。硅片和互连片中的应力分布受通孔直径和布置几何形状的影响。TSV引起的应力改变了硅的迁移率,最终改变了器件的性能。迁移率和性能变化在nand p-硅中是不同的,并且是到TSV距离的函数。此外,TSV诱导应力作用于阻挡层、着陆垫、互连和电介质上。与缺陷的相互作用可能导致裂纹形核和扩展,从而影响结构的可靠性。此外,为了减少对性能的影响而减少硅应力的材料选择可能会增加可靠性关注的其他区域的应力。本文研究了这些效应及其对不同积分构型的依赖关系。
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引用次数: 123
Description of Si-O bond breakage using pair-wise interatomic potentials under consideration of the whole crystal 在考虑整个晶体的情况下,用对原子间电位描述Si-O键断裂
Pub Date : 2009-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173306
S. Tyaginov, W. Gos, T. Grasser, V. Sverdlov, P. Schwaha, R. Heinzl, F. S. timpfl
We extend the McPherson model in a manner to capture the effect of the whole surrounding lattice on the siliconoxygen bond-breakage energetics. It is shown that the Mie- Grüneisen potential with the constants used in the original version of the model is not suitable under the consideration of the whole crystal. Other empirical pair-wise interatomic potentials, namely TTAM and BKS have been tested for the analysis of the bond rupture energetics. It is shown that the secondary minimum corresponding to the transition of the Si atom from the 4-fold to the 3-fold coordinated position occurs in a different direction with a rather high activation energy (~ 6 eV). The tunneling of the Si ion between the primary and the secondary minima has been treated within the WKB approximation. We demonstrate that the contribution of neighboring SiO4 tetrahedrons substantially decreases the breakage rate, making bond rupture by means of an electric field alone practically impossible. Therefore, the common action of an electric field and another contribution (bond weakening by hole capture, structural disorder and energy deposited by particles) is essential for Si-O bond-breakage.
我们扩展了McPherson模型,以捕捉整个周围晶格对硅氧键断裂能量学的影响。结果表明,在考虑整个晶体的情况下,原模型中使用的常数Mie- gren neisen势是不合适的。其他的经验成对原子间电位,即TTAM和BKS已被测试用于分析键断裂能量。结果表明,Si原子从4重配位跃迁到3重配位所对应的次级极小值发生在不同的方向上,具有较高的活化能(~ 6 eV)。在WKB近似中处理了主极小值和次极小值之间Si离子的隧穿。我们证明了邻近的SiO4四面体的贡献大大降低了断裂率,使得仅通过电场几乎不可能破坏键。因此,电场的共同作用和另一个贡献(由空穴捕获、结构紊乱和粒子沉积的能量造成的键削弱)对于Si-O键断裂是必不可少的。
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引用次数: 0
Reliability issues in AlGaN based deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes 基于AlGaN的深紫外发光二极管可靠性问题
Pub Date : 2009-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173229
Asif Khan, Seongmo Hwang, J. Lowder, V. Adivarahan, Q. Fareed
AlGaN based deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) are key components in systems for air, water, and food purification and germicidal applications. Because of the heteroepitaxial growth of the DUV LED epilayers on sapphire, they have a large number of dislocations that invariably leads to a reduction of quantum efficiency and lifetime degradation. In this paper, we present our recent work at developing DUV LEDs with different device geometries, which includes a new micro-pixel electrode arrangement. This arrangement was used to study mechanisms responsible for their degradation. The micro-pixel device geometry with some new packaging schemes led to DUV LEDs with emission at 280 nm and lifetimes well in excess of 3000 hours. In this paper experimental details and the results of our study are presented.
海藻基深紫外发光二极管(DUV led)是空气,水和食品净化和杀菌应用系统的关键组件。由于在蓝宝石上生长的DUV LED薄膜是异质外延的,它们有大量的位错,这必然导致量子效率的降低和寿命的下降。在本文中,我们介绍了我们最近在开发具有不同器件几何形状的DUV led方面的工作,其中包括一种新的微像素电极排列。这种排列被用来研究它们降解的机制。微像素器件几何形状和一些新的封装方案导致DUV led的发射波长为280 nm,寿命超过3000小时。本文介绍了实验细节和研究结果。
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引用次数: 7
Surface Electro-Static Discharge or mechanical damage: Solving the mystery of metal-to-metal shorts using an innovative failure analysis approach 表面静电放电或机械损伤:利用创新的失效分析方法解决金属对金属短路之谜
Pub Date : 2009-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173275
L. Endrinal, E. Coyne
This paper introduces a new failure analysis procedure to distinguish Surface Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) from mechanically induced metal-to-metal shorts. The procedure utilizes two common techniques, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) material analysis and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) cross sectioning. TEM analysis of the failure mechanism enables the material structure to be studied in order to distinguish the thermal from mechanical processes. Once a mechanical process has been confirmed, the formation of the failure mechanism is imaged through a new methodology for package analysis by means of backside cross-section using the Dual Beam FIB to show the molding compound interaction with the die surface for the first time.
本文介绍了一种新的故障分析方法来区分表面静电放电和机械引起的金属对金属短路。该过程采用两种常用技术,透射电子显微镜(TEM)材料分析和聚焦离子束(FIB)横截面。透射电镜分析的失效机理,使材料结构的研究,以区分热和机械过程。一旦确定了机械过程,通过一种新的封装分析方法对失效机制的形成进行成像,该方法通过使用双光束FIB的背面截面来首次显示成型化合物与模具表面的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
New perspectives of dielectric breakdown in low-k interconnects 低k互连中介电击穿的新观点
Pub Date : 2009-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173299
K. Yiang, H. Yao, A. Marathe, O. Aubel
An alternative method of analyzing time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) data for low-k dielectrics is presented. The analysis shows that time to breakdown is well correlated to the Poole-Frenkel emission equation, and therefore the √E-model is a more accurate model in describing the TDDB physics for low-k BEOL dielectrics.
提出了一种分析低k介电材料时介电击穿(TDDB)数据的替代方法。分析表明,击穿时间与Poole-Frenkel发射方程有很好的相关性,因此√e模型是描述低k BEOL介质的TDDB物理的更准确的模型。
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引用次数: 8
Cu-ion diffusivity in SiO2-Ta2O5 solid electrolyte and its impact on the yield of resistance switching after BEOL processes SiO2-Ta2O5固体电解质中的cu离子扩散率及其对BEOL后电阻开关产率的影响
Pub Date : 2009-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173285
N. Banno, T. Sakamoto, H. Hada, N. Kasai, N. Iguchi, H. Imai, S. Fujieda, T. Ichihashi, T. Hasegawa, M. Aono
For stability against the thermal budget of the CMOS BEOL process, we developed a new solid-electrolyte switch that uses a SiO2−Ta2O5 composite as the electrolyte. This switch has high thermal stability because thermal diffusion of Cu+ ions is suppressed in the composite. Moreover, its switching characteristics after thermal annealing are similar to those of a Ta2O5 switch without annealing. The switch with the SiO2−Ta2O5 composite electrolyte has good ON-state durability against DC current stress; its durability is comparable to that of a single via in interconnects. The switch can be implemented in the local interconnection layers of LSIs.
为了稳定CMOS BEOL工艺的热收支,我们开发了一种新的固体电解质开关,该开关使用SiO2 - Ta2O5复合材料作为电解质。该开关具有很高的热稳定性,因为Cu+离子的热扩散在复合材料中被抑制。热退火后的开关特性与未退火的Ta2O5开关相似。采用SiO2 - Ta2O5复合电解质的开关在直流电流应力下具有良好的on态耐久性;其耐用性可与互连中的单通孔相媲美。该交换机可以在lsi的本地互连层中实现。
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引用次数: 6
Electromigration tests for critical stress and failure mechanism evaluation in Cu/W via/Al hybrid interconnect 铜/钨/铝复合互连临界应力及破坏机理的电迁移试验
Pub Date : 2009-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173360
Z.-S. Choi, Byung-lyul Park, Jong Myeong Lee, G. Choi, Hyeon-deok Lee, J. Moon
Electromigration in a hybrid interconnect which consists of copper metallization in via below, aluminum metallization in via above, and tungsten via in between has been investigated. Fatal failures are found to occur in copper segments of the hybrid structures we tested. Two distinct failure mechanisms in copper segments are observed. One type of failure occurs due to void nucleation at the interface between barrier metal of tungsten via and copper. Time to failure is highly dependent on types of barrier metals applied. Critical stresses for void nucleation at the interface for 3 types of barrier metals are obtained using a simulation tool, and the average stress ranges from 61MPa to 246MPa. Second type of failure, which occurs less frequently than the first type, is by void growth and spanning through width and thickness of the line. Failures by void growth occur at a specific time range and failures are independent of barrier metal variation, which suggests that the failure is initiated by a pre-existing void or a defect. Thus, in order to effectively enhance the EM resistance in this hybrid interconnect structure, one should not only optimize the barrier metal, but also minimize pre-existing voids or defects in the line.
本文研究了下通孔铜金属化、上通孔铝金属化、中间通孔钨金属化的杂化互连中的电迁移问题。我们所测试的混合结构的铜段发生了致命的失效。在铜段中观察到两种不同的破坏机制。其中一种失效是由于钨孔阻挡金属与铜的界面上的空洞成核造成的。失效的时间高度依赖于所应用的障碍金属的类型。利用模拟工具获得了3种阻挡金属界面处空洞成核的临界应力,平均应力范围为61MPa ~ 246MPa。第二种类型的破坏比第一种类型发生的频率要低,是由空洞的生长和跨越线的宽度和厚度造成的。空洞生长的破坏发生在特定的时间范围内,并且破坏与障碍金属的变化无关,这表明破坏是由预先存在的空洞或缺陷引起的。因此,为了有效地提高这种混合互连结构的电磁电阻,不仅要优化屏障金属,还要尽量减少线路中存在的空洞或缺陷。
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引用次数: 1
New on-chip screening of gate oxides smart power devices for automotive applications 用于汽车应用的新型栅极氧化物智能功率器件的片上筛选
Pub Date : 2009-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173313
V. Malandruccolo, M. Ciappa, H. Rothleitner, W. Fichtner
Efficient screening procedures for the control of the gate oxide defectivity are vital to limit early failures especially in critical automotive applications. Traditional strategies based on burn-in and in-line tests are able to provide the required level of reliability but they are expensive and time consuming. This paper presents a novel approach to the gate stress test of Lateral Diffused MOS transistors based on an embedded circuitry that includes logic control, high voltage generation, and leakage current monitoring. The concept, advantages and the circuit for the proposed built-in gate stress test procedure are described in very detail and illustrated by circuit simulation.
控制栅氧化缺陷的有效筛选程序对于限制早期故障至关重要,特别是在关键的汽车应用中。基于老化和在线测试的传统策略能够提供所需的可靠性水平,但它们既昂贵又耗时。本文提出了一种基于嵌入式电路的横向扩散MOS晶体管栅极应力测试的新方法,该电路包括逻辑控制、高压产生和漏电流监测。本文对所提出的内建栅应力测试程序的概念、优点和电路进行了详细的描述,并通过电路仿真进行了说明。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
2009 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium
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