Pub Date : 2014-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851358
N. Kassabian, Y. Morton
As a wide array of services and applications are becoming more reliant on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology, its continuity requirements are naturally becoming more stringent. The ionosphere scintillation phenomenon is one of the major concerns that threaten these continuity requirements. It results in amplitude, phase and frequency fluctuations of Radio Frequency (RF) signals traveling through space and piercing the ionosphere, hundreds of Km of altitude, where turbulent ionized gases or plasma that stem from solar winds modify the characteristics of electromagnetic signals. The objective of this paper is to study the impact of extending the coherent integration interval used in GNSS scalar tracking loops, in terms of maintaining tracking or synchronization of the European GNSS Galileo E1 Open Service (OS) signals. For that end, a first order optimum loop filter is designed in the digital domain, optimal in minimizing both transient energy and thermal noise tracking jitter. Moreover, a theoretical study of its stability and degree of stability is carried out through root locus and Bode plots. Its performance is also compared to that of traditional analog loop filters often used in literature. Carrier and code tracking loops using this optimum digital loop filter are tested on simulated weak Galileo signals as well as simulated scintillation affected signals. Fast and slow amplitude, phase scintillation are first considered separately to understand the mechanisms of each variable (amplitude/phase), and then both fluctuations are incorporated onto the simulated Galileo signal.
{"title":"Extending integration time for Galileo tracking robustness under ionosphere scintillation","authors":"N. Kassabian, Y. Morton","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851358","url":null,"abstract":"As a wide array of services and applications are becoming more reliant on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology, its continuity requirements are naturally becoming more stringent. The ionosphere scintillation phenomenon is one of the major concerns that threaten these continuity requirements. It results in amplitude, phase and frequency fluctuations of Radio Frequency (RF) signals traveling through space and piercing the ionosphere, hundreds of Km of altitude, where turbulent ionized gases or plasma that stem from solar winds modify the characteristics of electromagnetic signals. The objective of this paper is to study the impact of extending the coherent integration interval used in GNSS scalar tracking loops, in terms of maintaining tracking or synchronization of the European GNSS Galileo E1 Open Service (OS) signals. For that end, a first order optimum loop filter is designed in the digital domain, optimal in minimizing both transient energy and thermal noise tracking jitter. Moreover, a theoretical study of its stability and degree of stability is carried out through root locus and Bode plots. Its performance is also compared to that of traditional analog loop filters often used in literature. Carrier and code tracking loops using this optimum digital loop filter are tested on simulated weak Galileo signals as well as simulated scintillation affected signals. Fast and slow amplitude, phase scintillation are first considered separately to understand the mechanisms of each variable (amplitude/phase), and then both fluctuations are incorporated onto the simulated Galileo signal.","PeriodicalId":371808,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium - PLANS 2014","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115405847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851485
Medhat Omr, J. Georgy, A. Noureldin
Some existing applications on smartphones and tablets use the accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers to provide basic indoor positioning solution starting from a known position for short time periods. However, this can be achieved only if the portable device is kept in a fixed orientation, which is unrealistic and inconvenient for the user. In unconstrained portable navigation, the mobile device orientation can be freely changed with respect to the human body without any constraints. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to estimate or enhance the heading misalignment angle between one or more smart device(s) and/or wearable appcessories and the moving platform (person or vehicle). An accurate estimation for heading misalignment angle enables users to change their devices' orientation freely with respect to their bodies without any constraint. Different test scenarios are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed technique including different use cases. The results clearly demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed technique in enabling real-time, continuous and reliable consumer localization indoors and outdoors with mobile device.
{"title":"Using multiple sensor triads for enhanced misalignment estimation for portable and wearable devices","authors":"Medhat Omr, J. Georgy, A. Noureldin","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851485","url":null,"abstract":"Some existing applications on smartphones and tablets use the accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers to provide basic indoor positioning solution starting from a known position for short time periods. However, this can be achieved only if the portable device is kept in a fixed orientation, which is unrealistic and inconvenient for the user. In unconstrained portable navigation, the mobile device orientation can be freely changed with respect to the human body without any constraints. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to estimate or enhance the heading misalignment angle between one or more smart device(s) and/or wearable appcessories and the moving platform (person or vehicle). An accurate estimation for heading misalignment angle enables users to change their devices' orientation freely with respect to their bodies without any constraint. Different test scenarios are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed technique including different use cases. The results clearly demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed technique in enabling real-time, continuous and reliable consumer localization indoors and outdoors with mobile device.","PeriodicalId":371808,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium - PLANS 2014","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116885188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851393
A. Cina, P. Dabove, A. Manzino, M. Piras
Over the last twenty years, positioning with low cost GNSS sensors has become widespread worldwide at both commercial and academic level. The Geomatics Research Group of DIATI at the Politecnico di Torino has carried out several experiments in order to evaluate the precision achievable when using mass-market GNSS receivers with a network of permanent GNSS station (also called CORSs network - Continuous Operating Reference Stations) for various purposes. The aim of this study is to investigate real effect and the role of the CORSs Network for this type of receivers, and especially how the products generated by the CORSs network can be used to improve the level of accuracy and precision if mass-market receivers are considered. The rapid development and diffusion of the GNSS network which provides a positioning service has enabled us to use single frequency receivers both in post-processing and real time approach by means of virtual RINEX and differential corrections. In the first approach, in order to determine the possible level of accuracy and precision obtainable with this sensor, a special test field was carried out which enabled us to study the variation of position with millimetrical accuracy. Tests were carried out considering various types of receivers (geodetic and mass market) and antennas (patch and geodetic) in static mode. The static test was carried out by acquiring raw data for 24 hours and dividing them into small parts (5, 10 or 15 minutes each), in order to consider the effect of the acquisition time on the final results and also consider the complete constellation. The postprocessing was performed with a commercial software. An interesting advantage is the possibility of generating a VR close to the rover position especially when mass market sensors are used, with the aim of creating a short (few meters) baseline, or in extreme cases it is possible to realize a null baseline thus eliminating the bias with the double differences in a relative positioning. By using a VR we obtain an independent solution in respect to the master-rover distance in attempt of fixing the ambiguity phase. The real-time experience was carried out with mass-market receivers for NRTK (Network Real Time Kinematic) positioning within the Regione Piemonte CORSs network. Two network products were used (VRS® and nearest correction): RTKLIB software was used in order to apply these corrections to the raw data of the mass market receivers. Some very good results were obtained which are reported in this paper.
在过去的二十年中，低成本GNSS传感器的定位在商业和学术层面上都得到了广泛的应用。都灵理工大学(Politecnico di Torino)的DIATI测绘学研究小组进行了几项实验，以评估将大众市场GNSS接收器与永久GNSS站网络(也称为CORSs网络-连续操作参考站)一起用于各种目的时可实现的精度。本研究的目的是调查对这类接收器的实际影响和作用，特别是如果考虑到大众市场接收器，如何使用CORSs网络产生的产品来提高准确性和精度水平。提供定位服务的GNSS网络的快速发展和普及，使我们能够在后处理和实时方法中使用单频接收器，通过虚拟RINEX和差分校正。在第一种方法中，为了确定该传感器可能达到的准确度和精度水平，我们进行了一个特殊的试验场，使我们能够以毫米精度研究位置的变化。在静态模式下，对各种类型的接收器(大地测量和大众市场)和天线(贴片和大地测量)进行了测试。静态测试通过采集24小时的原始数据，并将其分成小部分(每个5分钟，10分钟或15分钟)进行，以考虑采集时间对最终结果的影响，并考虑完整的星座。用商业软件进行后处理。一个有趣的优势是，可以在靠近漫游车位置的地方生成VR，特别是当使用大众市场传感器时，目的是创建一个短(几米)基线，或者在极端情况下，可以实现零基线，从而消除相对定位的双重差异的偏差。通过使用虚拟现实，我们获得了关于主漫游车距离的独立解，试图确定模糊相位。在皮埃蒙特地区的CORSs网络中，使用大众市场的NRTK(网络实时运动)定位接收器进行了实时体验。使用了两种网络产品(VRS®和最接近校正):RTKLIB软件用于将这些校正应用于大众市场接收器的原始数据。本文报道了一些很好的结果。
{"title":"Augmented positioning with CORSs network services using GNSS mass-market receivers","authors":"A. Cina, P. Dabove, A. Manzino, M. Piras","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851393","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last twenty years, positioning with low cost GNSS sensors has become widespread worldwide at both commercial and academic level. The Geomatics Research Group of DIATI at the Politecnico di Torino has carried out several experiments in order to evaluate the precision achievable when using mass-market GNSS receivers with a network of permanent GNSS station (also called CORSs network - Continuous Operating Reference Stations) for various purposes. The aim of this study is to investigate real effect and the role of the CORSs Network for this type of receivers, and especially how the products generated by the CORSs network can be used to improve the level of accuracy and precision if mass-market receivers are considered. The rapid development and diffusion of the GNSS network which provides a positioning service has enabled us to use single frequency receivers both in post-processing and real time approach by means of virtual RINEX and differential corrections. In the first approach, in order to determine the possible level of accuracy and precision obtainable with this sensor, a special test field was carried out which enabled us to study the variation of position with millimetrical accuracy. Tests were carried out considering various types of receivers (geodetic and mass market) and antennas (patch and geodetic) in static mode. The static test was carried out by acquiring raw data for 24 hours and dividing them into small parts (5, 10 or 15 minutes each), in order to consider the effect of the acquisition time on the final results and also consider the complete constellation. The postprocessing was performed with a commercial software. An interesting advantage is the possibility of generating a VR close to the rover position especially when mass market sensors are used, with the aim of creating a short (few meters) baseline, or in extreme cases it is possible to realize a null baseline thus eliminating the bias with the double differences in a relative positioning. By using a VR we obtain an independent solution in respect to the master-rover distance in attempt of fixing the ambiguity phase. The real-time experience was carried out with mass-market receivers for NRTK (Network Real Time Kinematic) positioning within the Regione Piemonte CORSs network. Two network products were used (VRS® and nearest correction): RTKLIB software was used in order to apply these corrections to the raw data of the mass market receivers. Some very good results were obtained which are reported in this paper.","PeriodicalId":371808,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium - PLANS 2014","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116902722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851437
T. Dautermann
In this manuscript, we derive a concept for a four dimensional Required Navigation Performance by extending the existing lateral RNP into the vertical and along-track dimensions. Based on the target level of safety desired by ICAO and traffic on a given route, an along track requirement can be formulated for the traffic using the airway. In the vertical, accuracy requirements at the 99.5% level are already specified within the performance based navigation concept, however monitoring and alerting is not foreseen. Here, we suggest a monitoring technology based on satellite navigation that can also be used to ensure vertical separation in RVSM airspace.
{"title":"Extending Required Navigation Performance to IncludeTime based operations and the vertical dimension","authors":"T. Dautermann","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851437","url":null,"abstract":"In this manuscript, we derive a concept for a four dimensional Required Navigation Performance by extending the existing lateral RNP into the vertical and along-track dimensions. Based on the target level of safety desired by ICAO and traffic on a given route, an along track requirement can be formulated for the traffic using the airway. In the vertical, accuracy requirements at the 99.5% level are already specified within the performance based navigation concept, however monitoring and alerting is not foreseen. Here, we suggest a monitoring technology based on satellite navigation that can also be used to ensure vertical separation in RVSM airspace.","PeriodicalId":371808,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium - PLANS 2014","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124790928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851386
P. Hwang, G. McGraw
Deceptive interference of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, including deliberate spoofing of GNSS signals, is an increasing concern. Detection and isolation of deceptive interference signals from true GNSS signals is required to assure Position, Navigation, and Time (PNT) integrity and is a particular concern for unencrypted, Open Service GNSS users. A Receiver Autonomous Signal Authentication (RASA) approach is presented which is based on detecting the presence of a deceptive interference signal artifact due to the variation in the propagation delay from the threat transmitter to a moving target receiver. This artifact is not readily observable in the erroneous position solution, but can be observed in the estimated receiver clock state. This paper describes methods to analyze the stability of receiver clock over a short duration to determine the presence of dynamic artifacts that occur due to relative motion between the deceptive interference source and the GNSS receiver. The paper presents a discussion of the statistical decision testing involved with declaring the signals as “authentic” and presents results from a simulation model on the detection performance as well as live data characterization to validate the method described. The proposed RASA capability has the advantages that it can be implemented in receiver software and does not require coordination with other user receivers or require additional hardware.
{"title":"Receiver Autonomous Signal Authentication (RASA) based on clock stability analysis","authors":"P. Hwang, G. McGraw","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851386","url":null,"abstract":"Deceptive interference of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, including deliberate spoofing of GNSS signals, is an increasing concern. Detection and isolation of deceptive interference signals from true GNSS signals is required to assure Position, Navigation, and Time (PNT) integrity and is a particular concern for unencrypted, Open Service GNSS users. A Receiver Autonomous Signal Authentication (RASA) approach is presented which is based on detecting the presence of a deceptive interference signal artifact due to the variation in the propagation delay from the threat transmitter to a moving target receiver. This artifact is not readily observable in the erroneous position solution, but can be observed in the estimated receiver clock state. This paper describes methods to analyze the stability of receiver clock over a short duration to determine the presence of dynamic artifacts that occur due to relative motion between the deceptive interference source and the GNSS receiver. The paper presents a discussion of the statistical decision testing involved with declaring the signals as “authentic” and presents results from a simulation model on the detection performance as well as live data characterization to validate the method described. The proposed RASA capability has the advantages that it can be implemented in receiver software and does not require coordination with other user receivers or require additional hardware.","PeriodicalId":371808,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium - PLANS 2014","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125092033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851394
Koichi Chino, D. Manandhar, R. Shibasaki
We address in this paper about authentication of QZSS L1C/A signal using QZSS L1SAIF signal by developing an anti-spoofing methodology. The methodology is based on transmitting a signature data embedded into L1SAIF navigation message. The signature data is generated by using a part of L1C/A navigation message to generate Reference Authentication NAV Data (RAND). The RAND data is further encoded by LDPC based on a H-matrix. The LDPC encoded data is called signature data and is formatted to make it compatible with L1SAIF navigation message structure. This data is broadcasted from QZSS L1SAIF with a new message ID for authentication purpose. The receiver receives this message and decodes the authentication message into RAND and LDPC parity bits. Based on the information of RAND, the receiver gets corresponding H-matrix and other data from Authentication Data Center (ADC). These data from ADC is used to perform LDPC encoding to received RAND data. If the parity bits from this encoding are the same as the parity bits received by the receiver from L1SAIF signal are the same, it is concluded that the signals (L1C/A and L1SAIF) are authentic. Since, this method is based on using L1C/A navigation message for RAND and L1SAIF for broadcasting the signature data, it can also be implemented to other satellite systems like GPS L1C/A, MSAS, EGNOS and GAGAN.
本文通过开发一种抗欺骗方法，讨论了使用QZSS L1SAIF信号对QZSS L1C/A信号进行认证的问题。该方法基于将签名数据嵌入到L1SAIF导航电文中进行传输。签名数据是利用L1C/ a导航报文的一部分生成RAND (Reference Authentication NAV data)。RAND数据进一步由LDPC基于h矩阵进行编码。LDPC编码的数据称为签名数据，并对其进行格式化，使其与L1SAIF导航消息结构兼容。该数据通过一个新的消息ID从QZSS L1SAIF广播，用于身份验证。接收方接收到此消息，并将验证消息解码为RAND和LDPC奇偶校验位。接收方根据RAND的信息，从认证数据中心(ADC)得到相应的h矩阵等数据。这些来自ADC的数据用于对接收到的RAND数据进行LDPC编码。如果从这种编码得到的奇偶校验位与接收机从L1SAIF信号接收到的奇偶校验位相同，则可以断定信号(L1C/A和L1SAIF)是真实的。由于该方法是基于L1C/A导航电文用于RAND和L1SAIF广播特征数据，因此也可以实现到GPS L1C/A、MSAS、EGNOS和GAGAN等其他卫星系统。
{"title":"Authentication technology using QZSS","authors":"Koichi Chino, D. Manandhar, R. Shibasaki","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851394","url":null,"abstract":"We address in this paper about authentication of QZSS L1C/A signal using QZSS L1SAIF signal by developing an anti-spoofing methodology. The methodology is based on transmitting a signature data embedded into L1SAIF navigation message. The signature data is generated by using a part of L1C/A navigation message to generate Reference Authentication NAV Data (RAND). The RAND data is further encoded by LDPC based on a H-matrix. The LDPC encoded data is called signature data and is formatted to make it compatible with L1SAIF navigation message structure. This data is broadcasted from QZSS L1SAIF with a new message ID for authentication purpose. The receiver receives this message and decodes the authentication message into RAND and LDPC parity bits. Based on the information of RAND, the receiver gets corresponding H-matrix and other data from Authentication Data Center (ADC). These data from ADC is used to perform LDPC encoding to received RAND data. If the parity bits from this encoding are the same as the parity bits received by the receiver from L1SAIF signal are the same, it is concluded that the signals (L1C/A and L1SAIF) are authentic. Since, this method is based on using L1C/A navigation message for RAND and L1SAIF for broadcasting the signature data, it can also be implemented to other satellite systems like GPS L1C/A, MSAS, EGNOS and GAGAN.","PeriodicalId":371808,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium - PLANS 2014","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126956836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851484
Noha El Gemayel, H. Jakel, F. Jondral
Geolocation methods are recently gaining a lot of interest due to their new range of applicability. Location based mobile services as well as frequency regulators aiming at efficient spectrum usage are interested in flexible, low cost geolocation systems with high accuracy. One method that meets those requirements is Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA). It has been subject to research for many years now. The main focus of research published about TDoA is presenting new algorithms or calculating estimation bounds in different scenarios. Due to new low cost available hardware solutions, a simple TDoA system can be built and used as a testbed for different algorithms in different real scenarios. This contribution presents an error analysis of a TDoA sensor network using low cost, off-the-shelf software defined radio platforms. The system relies on GPS time stamps provided by the platforms. Five important TDoA error types caused by hardware as well as different channel effects are analyzed. Each error is analyzed in its influence on the position estimate and a possible solution is given. Finally, a general structure of how a smart TDoA system should work is described.
{"title":"Error analysis of a low cost TDoA sensor network","authors":"Noha El Gemayel, H. Jakel, F. Jondral","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851484","url":null,"abstract":"Geolocation methods are recently gaining a lot of interest due to their new range of applicability. Location based mobile services as well as frequency regulators aiming at efficient spectrum usage are interested in flexible, low cost geolocation systems with high accuracy. One method that meets those requirements is Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA). It has been subject to research for many years now. The main focus of research published about TDoA is presenting new algorithms or calculating estimation bounds in different scenarios. Due to new low cost available hardware solutions, a simple TDoA system can be built and used as a testbed for different algorithms in different real scenarios. This contribution presents an error analysis of a TDoA sensor network using low cost, off-the-shelf software defined radio platforms. The system relies on GPS time stamps provided by the platforms. Five important TDoA error types caused by hardware as well as different channel effects are analyzed. Each error is analyzed in its influence on the position estimate and a possible solution is given. Finally, a general structure of how a smart TDoA system should work is described.","PeriodicalId":371808,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium - PLANS 2014","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115022328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851423
Li Yingxiang, Liu Baiyu, Tang Xiaomei, Wang Feixue
Signal acquisition is a process of two-dimensional search in time/frequency domain and signal detection in multiple search bins. The hypothesis testing of current signal acquisition algorithms are made according to correlation of a single bin; however, according to the effect of code phase and Doppler frequency error, signal presence could be detected on multiple bins. Based on the principle, the optimal linear combinational detector (OLCD) without increasing the hardware complexity is proposed. At last, simulation result with common acquisition parameters shows that the acquisition performance of OLCD is about 1 dB better than that of traditional detector.
{"title":"OLCD: Optimal linear combinational detector in GNSS signal acquisition","authors":"Li Yingxiang, Liu Baiyu, Tang Xiaomei, Wang Feixue","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851423","url":null,"abstract":"Signal acquisition is a process of two-dimensional search in time/frequency domain and signal detection in multiple search bins. The hypothesis testing of current signal acquisition algorithms are made according to correlation of a single bin; however, according to the effect of code phase and Doppler frequency error, signal presence could be detected on multiple bins. Based on the principle, the optimal linear combinational detector (OLCD) without increasing the hardware complexity is proposed. At last, simulation result with common acquisition parameters shows that the acquisition performance of OLCD is about 1 dB better than that of traditional detector.","PeriodicalId":371808,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium - PLANS 2014","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116533935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851398
Jie Hu, Xianghong Cheng
An in-motion initial alignment algorithm for Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) aided by the odometer (OD) is described. Because the vehicle velocity provided by the odometer is of high accuracy, the odometer dead-reckoning results are used as aiding information. In the fine alignment, a Kalman filter is designed, which uses the deviation of velocity and attitude between the SINS and the odometer dead-reckoning results as the measurements. After 30 seconds of stationary-based coarse alignment, the Vehicle leaves for destination at once. During the fine alignment period, the vehicle requires neither special maneuvering nor the helps of the waypoints on the road. It meets the requirements of modern weapons war for rapid response and mobile operations. Simulation results indicate that, the heading error of SINS is less than 4' after ten minutes fine alignment. The accuracy of the odometer aided vehicle SINS in-motion alignment is enhanced greatly by using the proposed approach.
{"title":"A new in-motion initial alignment for land-vehicle SINS/OD integrated system","authors":"Jie Hu, Xianghong Cheng","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851398","url":null,"abstract":"An in-motion initial alignment algorithm for Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) aided by the odometer (OD) is described. Because the vehicle velocity provided by the odometer is of high accuracy, the odometer dead-reckoning results are used as aiding information. In the fine alignment, a Kalman filter is designed, which uses the deviation of velocity and attitude between the SINS and the odometer dead-reckoning results as the measurements. After 30 seconds of stationary-based coarse alignment, the Vehicle leaves for destination at once. During the fine alignment period, the vehicle requires neither special maneuvering nor the helps of the waypoints on the road. It meets the requirements of modern weapons war for rapid response and mobile operations. Simulation results indicate that, the heading error of SINS is less than 4' after ten minutes fine alignment. The accuracy of the odometer aided vehicle SINS in-motion alignment is enhanced greatly by using the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":371808,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium - PLANS 2014","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129605612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851361
Xiaokun Zhang, Hong Yuan, Mingguang Sun, Yingkui Gong
A new ionospheric delay grid correction algorithm combining the advantages of global fitting and local interpolation algorithms for COMPASS system is presented. Firstly, COMPASS ionospheric vertical total electron content error analysis are made to get the main error influencing factors and the corresponding impacts, including the factors of COMPASS timing group delay parameter accuracy, receiver inter-frequency bias parameter accuracy, projection function of different types, pseudorange multipath error and random noise. Secondly, an effective measurement combination of COMPASS B1 and B2 common frequencies is selected, to eliminate the larger multipath error from GEO satellites geostationary features and improve VETC accuracy. Thirdly, an ionospheric delay grid correction algorithm is proposed to combine traditional global fitting and local interpolation algorithms, ensuring a suitable solvability and accuracy of ionospheric delay to grid points. Finally, the algorithm is validated using COMPASS measurement data. The results demonstrate that the average ionospheric delay grid correction accuracy is better than 0.5 meter throughout the day.
{"title":"A COMPASS ionospheric delay grid correction algorithm for China","authors":"Xiaokun Zhang, Hong Yuan, Mingguang Sun, Yingkui Gong","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2014.6851361","url":null,"abstract":"A new ionospheric delay grid correction algorithm combining the advantages of global fitting and local interpolation algorithms for COMPASS system is presented. Firstly, COMPASS ionospheric vertical total electron content error analysis are made to get the main error influencing factors and the corresponding impacts, including the factors of COMPASS timing group delay parameter accuracy, receiver inter-frequency bias parameter accuracy, projection function of different types, pseudorange multipath error and random noise. Secondly, an effective measurement combination of COMPASS B1 and B2 common frequencies is selected, to eliminate the larger multipath error from GEO satellites geostationary features and improve VETC accuracy. Thirdly, an ionospheric delay grid correction algorithm is proposed to combine traditional global fitting and local interpolation algorithms, ensuring a suitable solvability and accuracy of ionospheric delay to grid points. Finally, the algorithm is validated using COMPASS measurement data. The results demonstrate that the average ionospheric delay grid correction accuracy is better than 0.5 meter throughout the day.","PeriodicalId":371808,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium - PLANS 2014","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128645395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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