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2018 IEEE International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA)最新文献

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New HTDR Phenomenon Study for 2Xnm NAND Flash Cycling Interval Time Effect 2Xnm NAND闪存循环间隔时间效应的新HTDR现象研究
Huang Chia-Sheng, R. Ogino
In this paper, we explored the 2Xnm NAND Flash relationship between HTDR (High temperature data retention) and Pre-cycling conditions in detail. The Pre-cycling interval time effect, no matter in 4Xnm or 2Xnm NAND Flash is play different roles. Finally, based on experimental data we also explored related analyses and discussions of the physical mechanisms.
本文详细探讨了2Xnm NAND闪存HTDR(高温数据保留)与预循环条件之间的关系。预循环间隔时间效应,无论在4Xnm还是2Xnm NAND闪存中都起着不同的作用。最后,在实验数据的基础上,对其物理机制进行了相关的分析和讨论。
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引用次数: 0
A TOF-SIMS Investigation of the Corrosion-Induced Failure Via Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Materials 多晶材料经晶界腐蚀失效的TOF-SIMS研究
Chen Yan, Niu Zilu, E. Abella, H. Younan, Li Xiaomin
Polycrystalline semiconductor or metal materials are characterized with numerous grain boundaries between neighboring grains. The grain boundaries show a high degree of mismatch of grain orientation and a less efficient atomic packing. Aggressive ions can diffuse much more easily within grain boundaries; rendering the zone susceptible to oxidation and corrosion, which are one of the root causes for electronic device failures. Therefore, revealing the compositional distribution of grain boundaries can help researchers better understand and improve the chemical, physical and electrical properties of materials. This paper mainly focuses on material characterization of the corroded material, providing useful methods for physical failure analysis in real devices which will be discussed in our future work. Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is one of the most sensitive techniques for materials analysis. One of its powerful capabilities is to provide 3D images of testing material, demonstrating elemental distribution and microstructure of polycrystalline materials. In this work, common polycrystalline materials used in semiconductors (polysilicon) and metal alloys (304 steel) were studied. TOF-SIMS 3D imaging was used to monitor the diffusion path of moisture and corrosive ions via the grain boundaries. The results indicate that the grain boundaries are vulnerable to attacks of moisture and corrosive ions (CI),
多晶半导体或金属材料的特点是相邻晶粒之间有许多晶界。晶界表现出高度的晶粒取向失配和效率较低的原子堆积。侵略性离子更容易在晶界内扩散;使该区域易于氧化和腐蚀,这是电子设备故障的根本原因之一。因此,揭示晶界的成分分布可以帮助研究人员更好地了解和改善材料的化学、物理和电学性能。本文主要关注腐蚀材料的材料表征,为实际器件的物理失效分析提供有用的方法,这将在我们今后的工作中进行讨论。飞行时间二次离子质谱法(TOF-SIMS)是最灵敏的材料分析技术之一。它的强大功能之一是提供测试材料的3D图像,展示多晶材料的元素分布和微观结构。在这项工作中,研究了用于半导体(多晶硅)和金属合金(304钢)的常见多晶材料。利用TOF-SIMS三维成像技术监测了水分和腐蚀离子沿晶界的扩散路径。结果表明:晶界易受水分和腐蚀离子(CI)的侵蚀;
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引用次数: 0
A Study of Pattern Density and Process Variations Impact on the Reliability Performance of Multi-Level Capacitance Structure in Low-k Copper Interconnects 低k铜互连中模式密度和工艺变化对多级电容结构可靠性性能影响的研究
Qian Chen, L. Xie, R. Chockalingam, C. Eng, Ushasree Katakamsetty, Pinghui Li, Li Chen, Xiaochong Guan, S. Y. Tan, Juan Boon Tan
Ahstract- Multi-level Metal-Oxide-Metal Capacitors (MOM) is widely utilized in CMOS process. It is an inter-digitated three dimensional multi-level finger capacitor structure formed in dual damascene copper metal layers in the Back-end-of-Line (BEOL) process. Key factors impacting the Time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) performance of MOM are identified, and results are discussed in this paper. Voltage Ramp (VRamp) analysis is used as the response of the performance of TDDB as it is well known that they are correlated to electric field acceleration parameter of the SQRT E model.
多层金属氧化物金属电容器(MOM)在CMOS工艺中得到了广泛的应用。它是一种由双damascene铜金属层在后端线(BEOL)工艺中形成的相互数字化的三维多层次指形电容器结构。分析了影响MOM材料时介电击穿(TDDB)性能的关键因素,并对结果进行了讨论。电压斜坡(VRamp)分析作为TDDB性能的响应,因为众所周知,它们与SQRT E模型的电场加速度参数相关。
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引用次数: 0
Resolving Failures with Invalid Emission Site Through Bench Tests Results Evaluation with in-depth Circuit Analysis and Micro-probing 通过深入的电路分析和微探针对台架试验结果进行评估,解决发射部位无效的故障
Carlo M. Casabuena, E. J. de La Cruz
Failure analysis is a very important discipline in many branches of industry, including semiconductor manufacturing, where it is used in design debug of new products or in yield improvement of existing products. Photon emission microscopy is a widely used fault localization technique in failure analysis, such as on a functional failure device, where the failure mode can only be replicated from bench testing. However, fault localization by emission microscopy does not always detect an emission site at the defect location. In many cases, induced emission spots are observed. Thus, further failure isolation through in-depth correlation of bench test evaluation results, circuit analysis and micro-probing is needed. This paper presents a case study demonstrating the use of these techniques.
失效分析在包括半导体制造在内的许多工业分支中都是一门非常重要的学科,它被用于新产品的设计调试或现有产品的良率改进。光子发射显微镜是一种广泛应用于故障分析的故障定位技术,例如在功能故障设备上,故障模式只能从台架测试中复制。然而,发射显微镜的故障定位并不总是在缺陷位置检测到发射点。在许多情况下,可以观察到诱导发射点。因此,需要通过台架试验评估结果、电路分析和微探测的深入关联来进一步进行故障隔离。本文提出了一个案例研究,展示了这些技术的使用。
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引用次数: 0
New Method for Enhancing Photon Emission Measurements Similar to 2D-Tomography 增强光子发射测量的新方法类似于二维断层扫描
I. Vogt, A. Glowacki, U. Kerst, P. Perdu, T. Nakamura, C. Boit
We present a new experimental method for enhancing quality and accuracy of photon emission measurements (PEM). The technique consists of taking emission images of the device rotated through several different angles. The independent information from several images is then used to numerically calculate an emission pattern, which is superior to just one single PE image. Therefore, the method also allows for spectral photon emission analysis (SPEM) in cases, where emission overlap of neighboring devices prevented SPEM analysis up to this date. This publication gives an overview of the theoretical, experimental and numerical basics of the new method. To give a proof-of-concept we apply the method to a sample case of spectral photon emission and electron temperature analysis of a ring oscillator built in 120nm technology. The obtained results are then compared to data acquired by a conventional measurement on a location of the ring oscillator (RO), where conventional analysis was possible.
提出了一种提高光子发射测量(PEM)质量和精度的新实验方法。该技术包括通过几个不同角度旋转装置拍摄发射图像。然后使用来自多个图像的独立信息来数值计算发射模式,这优于仅使用单个PE图像。因此,该方法还允许光谱光子发射分析(SPEM),在这种情况下,相邻器件的发射重叠阻止了SPEM分析。本出版物概述了新方法的理论、实验和数值基础。为了给出概念验证,我们将该方法应用于120nm技术的环形振荡器的光谱光子发射和电子温度分析的示例案例。然后将获得的结果与在环形振荡器(RO)位置上进行常规测量获得的数据进行比较,在该位置上可以进行常规分析。
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引用次数: 2
Improved Phase Data Acquisition for Thermal Emissions Analysis 改进的相位数据采集热排放分析
W. Oiu, Bernice Zee, B. Lai, J. Vickers, D. Tien
This paper describes a 2X improvement in phase data acquisition for Lock-in Thermography (LIT). Phase data is used to generate phase shift versus applied lock-in frequency plots to estimate defect depth in semiconductor packages. Typically, samples need to be tested for an extended time to ensure data consistency. Furthermore, determining the specific point on the thermal emission site to collect data from can be challenging, especially if it is large and dispersive. To overcome these difficulties, new computational algorithms along with streamlined and automated workflows, such as self-adjusting thermal emission site positioning and phase measurement auto-stop, are employed to validate improvements to data repeatability and accuracy as well as faster time to results on different advanced packaging devices such as flip chips and stack dies. Overall, our results showed a 2X faster time to more accurate and repeatable data for X, Y, and Z depth localization.
本文描述了锁相热像仪(LIT)相位数据采集的2倍改进。相位数据用于生成相移与应用锁定频率图,以估计半导体封装中的缺陷深度。通常,需要长时间测试样本以确保数据一致性。此外,确定要收集数据的热发射地点的具体点可能具有挑战性,特别是如果它很大且分散。为了克服这些困难,采用了新的计算算法以及简化和自动化的工作流程,例如自调节热辐射位置定位和相位测量自动停止,以验证不同先进封装设备(如倒装芯片和堆叠模具)对数据可重复性和准确性的改进以及更快的结果生成时间。总的来说,我们的结果表明,对于X, Y和Z深度定位,获得更准确和可重复的数据的时间要快2倍。
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引用次数: 2
Passive Voltage Contrast Investigation of Metal/Via Stack Connecting to Substrate 金属/通孔堆叠连接基板的无源电压对比研究
Y. Shen, T. Irene, Jie Zhu, Zhiqiang Mo
In this paper, a detailed study of passive voltage contrast on a metal/via/active chain ET structure is performed. Both electron-beam and ion-beam based PVC techniques are tried with different experimental settings. It is found that electron-beam based PVC cannot provide significant contrast at the failure site. The ion-beam based PVC successfully isolates the failure location. Moreover, some interesting PVC contrast changes with different settings are also observed. FIB cross section reveals the failure mechanism. Based on the failure mechanism and theoretical models, the observed PVC contrast can be explained.
本文对金属/通孔/主动链ET结构的无源电压对比进行了详细的研究。以电子束和离子束为基础的PVC技术在不同的实验环境下进行了试验。发现电子束PVC在失效部位不能提供明显的对比。基于离子束的PVC成功地隔离了故障位置。此外,还观察到不同设置下PVC对比度的一些有趣变化。FIB截面揭示了破坏机理。基于破坏机理和理论模型,可以解释观察到的PVC对比。
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引用次数: 2
Resolving Trap-caused Charges by Scanning Microwave Microscopy 用扫描微波显微镜分析陷阱引起的电荷
S. Hommel, N. Killat, T. Schweinboeck, A. Altes, F. Kreupl
Trapping effects are playing an essential role in semiconductor devices. The localization of trapping effects with a high spatial resolution can provide valuable information on the interface and oxide quality in state of the art semiconductor devices. On the example of a Si diode with suspected oxide traps, a method based on Scanning Microwave Microscopy (SMM) is shown to resolve charge carriers, which accumulate within the silicon due to trapping effects at the Si/Si02 interface.
俘获效应在半导体器件中起着至关重要的作用。具有高空间分辨率的捕获效应的定位可以为当前半导体器件的界面和氧化物质量提供有价值的信息。以具有可疑氧化陷阱的硅二极管为例,采用扫描微波显微镜(SMM)方法分析了由于Si/Si02界面的陷阱效应而积聚在硅内的载流子。
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引用次数: 0
Low Power and Fault Isolation: Spectral Aspects of Photon Emission 低功率和故障隔离:光子发射的光谱方面
I. Vagt, C. Boit
Photon emission (PE), for decades the most important technique for Contactless Fault Isolation (CFI) in microelectronics debug and failure analysis, has fallen short of recent IC technologies with respect to optical probing techniques like EOFM/EOP that seemed to be much more sensitive to lower supply voltage operation. This investigation explains why PE can remain a very useful complimentary CFI technique also in low voltage regime if efforts are taken for signal sensitivity on the infrared side of the emission spectrum. The experiments tell that even with InGaAs detectors, supply voltages down to almost 0.5V can be measured. With detectors of a spectral range towards even lower photon energies, PE will be sensitive to much smaller voltages. The gain of device information that PE can deliver, especially if evaluated spectrally, will be available to the advantage of FA and debug of FinFET technologies.
几十年来,光子发射(PE)是微电子调试和故障分析中最重要的非接触式故障隔离(CFI)技术,但与EOFM/EOP等光学探测技术相比,最近的IC技术似乎对较低的供电电压操作更敏感。这项研究解释了为什么PE仍然是一个非常有用的补充CFI技术,也在低电压状态下,如果努力采取的信号灵敏度在发射光谱的红外侧。实验表明,即使使用InGaAs探测器,供电电压也可以低至0.5V。随着探测器的光谱范围接近更低的光子能量,PE将对更小的电压敏感。PE可以提供的器件信息的增益,特别是如果进行频谱评估,将有利于FA和FinFET技术的调试。
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引用次数: 5
Failure Analysis Techniques for 3D Packages 3D封装失效分析技术
F. Altmann, S. Brand, M. Petzold
3D packing technologies integrate different components in three dimensions in one device to increase performance, functional density and reduce the devices footprint. Due to the increasing complexity and the miniaturization new and specifically 3D-adapted failure analysis methods and corresponding workflows are required to cover technology qualification as well as for process and quality control. This paper will give an overview of available and recently developed failure analysis techniques suitable for 3D packaged devices. In particular, the potential of lock in thermography and high resolution scanning acoustic microscopy for defect localization and new laser and focused ion beam-based techniques for efficient sample preparation will be highlighted. Their application is demonstrated in case studies performed at stacked die devices and Through Silicon Via interconnects.
3D封装技术将不同的组件以三维方式集成到一个设备中,以提高性能、功能密度并减少设备占地面积。由于日益复杂和小型化,需要新的和专门适应3d的失效分析方法和相应的工作流程来涵盖技术鉴定以及过程和质量控制。本文将概述适用于3D封装器件的可用和最近开发的失效分析技术。特别是,锁在热成像和高分辨率扫描声显微镜缺陷定位和新的激光和聚焦离子束为基础的高效样品制备技术的潜力将被强调。它们的应用在堆叠芯片器件和通硅孔互连中进行了案例研究。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2018 IEEE International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA)
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