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Traduction orale de la Bible : Sa prise de conscience 圣经的口头翻译:它的意识
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54395/jot-h8rgt
Ervais Fotso Noumsi
La traduction orale de la Bible prend progressivement et de façon remarquable une place de choix dans l’univers de la traduction biblique. Notre article est une réflexion sur les dynamiques qui pourraient expliquer ce phénomène. Il suggère que la prise de conscience de l’importance de la traduction orale de la Bible est partie du fait que l’on se rende compte de l’importance, non seulement de l’oralité, mais aussi de l’oralité du document qu’est la Bible. Il entend éclairer le lecteur sur le concept d’oralité, d’établir le rôle qu’a joué l’oralité dans les textes originaux de la Bible et en déduire les implications pour la traduction orale de la Bible. Notre réflexion aborde des questions centrales telles que les universaux de l’oralité, le rôle de l’oralité du point de vue de l’altérité, les implications de la prise de conscience de l’oralité pour la mission et l’Église en général. Nous espérons que notre article sera un pont entre les éléments précurseurs de la traduction orale de la Bible et le futur prometteur qui attend cette réalité, indéniable aujourd’hui. Notre présentation vise ainsi, non seulement à susciter plus d’intérêt pour ce domaine, mais à montrer que la prise de conscience de la pertinence de la traduction orale de la Bible s’est faite par strates, pas nécessairement progressives.
圣经的口头翻译在圣经翻译的世界中逐渐而显著地占据了一席之地。我们的文章是对可能解释这一现象的动态的反思。他认为,对圣经口头翻译重要性的认识始于这样一个事实,即人们不仅认识到口头翻译的重要性,而且认识到作为圣经的文件的口头翻译的重要性。它的目的是向读者阐明口述的概念,确立口述在圣经原文中的作用,并推断口述对圣经翻译的影响。我们的反思涉及一些核心问题,如口述的普遍性,口述从他者的角度的作用,口述意识对宣教和教会的影响。我们希望我们的文章能在圣经口头翻译的先驱者和等待这一现实的光明未来之间架起一座桥梁,这在今天是不可否认的。因此,我们的演讲不仅是为了引起人们对这一领域的兴趣,而且是为了表明人们对圣经口头翻译的相关性的认识是分层的,不一定是渐进的。
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引用次数: 0
The Parable of the Peanut Butter Sandwich: An Exercise in Artificial Intelligence and (Pseudo-) Bible Translation 花生酱三明治的寓言:人工智能和(伪)圣经翻译的练习
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54395/jot-pbmir
Drew Maust
The public release of artificial intelligence tools such as Microsoft’s Bing Chat built on OpenAI’s generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) continues to spark extensive interest—attracting headlines, prompting important interdisciplinary questions, and posing dilemmas both ethical and methodological. The aim of this paper is to provide a sampling and temporal snapshot of AI-powered Bing’s abilities through the creation, translation, and adaptation of pseudo-biblical content. We adopt as our source text an AI-generated parable in the style of the King James Bible—here entitled “The Parable of the Peanut Butter Sandwich”—originally prompted by software developer Thomas Ptacek. For the purposes of this paper, Bing adapted the original parable into multiple versions (Nida, poem, acrostic, and French), supplied it with paratext (introduction, illustrations, and glossary), and analyzed it from the perspectives of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and the Documentary Hypothesis. Lastly, Bing generated a sermon outline in the style of renowned orator St. John Chrysostom. We hope that subsequent studies at the nexus of artificial intelligence and Bible translation will continue to build on the Parable of the Peanut Butter Sandwich to explore both the potential and the implications of emergent technology.
微软(Microsoft)基于OpenAI的生成预训练转换器(GPT)开发的必应聊天(Bing Chat)等人工智能工具的公开发布,继续引发广泛的兴趣——吸引了新闻头条,引发了重要的跨学科问题,并带来了伦理和方法论上的两难困境。本文的目的是通过创建、翻译和改编伪圣经内容,提供人工智能驱动的必应能力的抽样和时间快照。我们采用了一个人工智能生成的寓言故事作为我们的源文本,它是詹姆斯国王钦定版圣经的风格——这里的标题是“花生酱三明治的寓言”——最初是由软件开发者Thomas Ptacek提出的。为了本文的目的,Bing将原寓言改编为多个版本(奈达、诗歌、离诗和法语),并提供了段落(介绍、插图和词汇表),并从社会学家皮埃尔·布迪厄和文献假说的角度对其进行了分析。最后,宾按照著名演说家金口约翰的风格编写了一份讲道大纲。我们希望后续关于人工智能和圣经翻译关系的研究将继续以花生酱三明治的寓言为基础,探索新兴技术的潜力和影响。
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引用次数: 0
Is Translation Always Transfer? Challenging the Dominant Conceptual Metaphor in African Bible Translation Training 翻译总是传递吗?挑战非洲圣经翻译训练中占主导地位的概念隐喻
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54395/jot-k395d
Uloma Wabara
This paper considers the conceptualization of translation in Katharine Barnwell’s Bible Translation: An Introductory Course in Translation Principles, a popular textbook for Bible translation training programs in Africa. The recurring conceptual metaphors in this text are identified, and the metaphor TRANSLATION IS TRANSFER is analyzed. This research stems from the need to develop African Bible translators who conceptualize translation using concepts (metaphors) in their languages that are indicative of what activity they embark on in translation work. Reading through some of the training materials in use on the continent (specifically Anglophone), there seem to be relatively few that have explored the conceptual tools used by indigenous Africans to think and talk about translation. There is thus a need to investigate the conceptual metaphors used by Africans in their various cultures to conceptualize translation. The implications of this research appeal to trainers of translators to rethink not just the methodological approach to Bible translation programs in Africa but also the contents of course materials.
本文考察了凯瑟琳·巴恩韦尔的《圣经翻译:翻译原则入门课程》中翻译的概念,这是非洲圣经翻译培训项目的热门教材。对文中反复出现的概念隐喻进行了识别,并对隐喻的翻译即迁移进行了分析。这项研究源于培养非洲圣经译者的需要,他们使用自己语言中的概念(隐喻)来概念化翻译,这些概念(隐喻)表明他们在翻译工作中从事的活动。纵观非洲大陆(特别是英语国家)使用的一些培训材料,似乎很少有人探讨非洲土著用来思考和谈论翻译的概念工具。因此,有必要研究非洲人在其不同文化中使用的概念隐喻,以概念化翻译。这项研究的意义呼吁翻译培训师不仅要重新思考非洲圣经翻译项目的方法方法,还要重新思考课程材料的内容。
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引用次数: 0
Review of: The King James Version at 400: Assessing Its Genius as Bible Translation and Its Literary Influence, eds. David G. Burke, John F. Kutsko, Philip H. Towner 《400年钦定版:评估其作为圣经翻译的天才及其文学影响》,编辑。David G. Burke, John F. Kutsko, Philip H. Towner
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54395/jot-jnprm
F. Boswell
The King James Version at 400: Assessing Its Genius as Bible Translation and Its Literary Influence. David G. Burke, John F. Kutsko, and Philip H. Towner, eds. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2013. xxv + 553 pp. Reviewed by Freddy Boswell.
钦定本400年版:评估其作为圣经翻译的天才及其文学影响。David G. Burke, John F. Kutsko和Philip H. Towner主编。亚特兰大:圣经文学学会,2013。xxv + 553页,由Freddy Boswell审阅。
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引用次数: 0
Complex Conditional Sentences and the Verb אָשַׁם ʼāšam in Leviticus 4–5 利未记4-5中的复杂条件句和动词“”āšam
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54395/jot-pxwn3
Peter Schmidt
Conditional sentences with multiple conditions or alternative cases can be confusing and are challenging to translate. Those in Leviticus 4–5 are prime examples. Another challenge is that a “consistent” translation of the verb אָשַׁם ʼāšam can produce unclear or even nonsensical texts. Following an overview of conditional constructions in Biblical Hebrew, this paper presents an analysis of the if-clauses in Lev. 4–5 with a view to determining whether וְאָשֵׁם wəʼāšēm is part of the protasis or the apodosis. I conclude that וְאָשֵׁם wəʼāšēm belongs to the protasis, but the translation may express an interim result. Additionally, the meaning of אָשַׁם ʼāšam is discussed. Trying to decide between the debated renderings “be guilty”, “feel guilty”, “realize guilt”, etc., did not prove fruitful, none being viable in all contexts. I suggest that the verb should be defined more broadly as “to find oneself guilty”, and that different contexts will require adaptation. This article is written to help translators recognize the above-mentioned problems, understand the options in dealing with them, and make informed choices.
具有多个条件或可选情况的条件句可能令人困惑,并且很难翻译。利未记4-5章就是最好的例子。另一个挑战是,动词“一致”的翻译可能会产生不清晰甚至无意义的文本。在对《圣经》希伯来语条件句的概述之后,本文对《利未记》4-5章中的if从句进行了分析,以确定“evw æ ' āšēm”是主句还是主句的一部分。我认为וְאָשֵׁםwəʼāšēm属于条件从句,但是翻译可能表达一个临时的结果。此外,还讨论了“āšam”的意义。试图在“be guilty”、“feel guilty”、“realize guilt”等有争议的解释之间做出决定,并没有证明是有效的,没有一个在所有上下文中都是可行的。我建议这个动词应该被更广泛地定义为“发现自己有罪”,不同的语境需要相应的调整。本文旨在帮助翻译人员认识到上述问题,了解处理这些问题的选择,并做出明智的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Un regard sur Oral Bible Translation Global Gathering 2023 : Pistes de réflexion 《圣经口述翻译全球大会2023:翻译指南》
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54395/jot-o4b6t
Hélène Ballarin
Le travail de la traduction orale de la Bible (OBT) s’effectuant principalement en Afrique, la conférence intitulée Oral Bible Translation Global Gathering 2023 s’est tenue du 10 au 12 janvier 2023 à Entebbe, en Ouganda. Plus de 140 participants, issus de 43 pays, représentant des organisations telles que Faith Comes by Hearing, SIL, Seed Company, Wycliffe Global Alliance, United Bible Societies, Word for the World, ETEN et YWAM, pour ne citer qu’elles, ont été accueillis par l’Alliance Biblique d’Ouganda. L’objectif de cette conférence était de créer un espace pour écouter les voix de chacun et permettre des discussions sur les outils utiles à la traduction orale. La lecture d’ouverture a porté sur Jérémie 31. Cette conférence sur l’Oralité dans la Traduction Biblique, riche, dense et productive, a suscité plusieurs pistes de réflexion. Elles sont partagées ci-dessous.
由于口头圣经翻译(OBT)的工作主要在非洲进行,2023年1月10日至12日在乌干达恩德培举行了2023年全球口头圣经翻译大会。来自43个国家的140多名与会者,代表了诸如Faith Comes by Hearing、SIL、Seed Company、Wycliffe Global Alliance、United Bible Societies、Word for the World、ETEN和YWAM等组织,受到了乌干达圣经联盟的欢迎。这次会议的目的是创造一个空间来倾听每个人的声音,并允许讨论口头翻译的有用工具。开场白是耶利米书31章。这次关于圣经翻译中的口述的会议丰富、密集和富有成效,引发了一些思考。下面将分享它们。
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引用次数: 0
Building Partnership Between Church Interpreting and Bible Translation 建立教会口译与圣经翻译的伙伴关系
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54395/jot-jn2vc
Jonathan Downie
This paper examines the relationship between church interpreting and Bible translation and suggests ways that the two can work in partnership. Church interpreting is understood as the process of taking what is said or signed in one language in a church context and producing a new version in another spoken or signed language. While historical and experimental research has revealed that interpreting and Bible translation were closely related in the past, the contemporary relationship between the two is ambiguous. This paper will argue that the two practices should be reconciled for practical, theological, and theoretical reasons. I will also suggest places where the theory and practice of church interpreting can feed into Bible translation practice and theory and where church interpreting can learn from Bible translation. Most notably, it is argued that the innate contextualisation of church interpreting, as well as the growing understanding of interpreting as the negotiation of meaning, offers important insights into what it means to deliver an excellent Bible translation.
本文探讨了教会口译和圣经翻译之间的关系,并提出了两者合作的方法。教会口译被理解为在教会环境中以一种语言说或签署的内容,并用另一种口语或手语制作新版本的过程。虽然历史和实验研究表明,口译和圣经翻译在过去是密切相关的,但两者之间的当代关系是模糊的。本文将从实践、神学和理论的角度论证这两种实践应该调和。我还将提出教会口译的理论和实践可以为圣经翻译的实践和理论提供借鉴的地方,以及教会口译可以从圣经翻译中学习的地方。最值得注意的是,有人认为,教会口译的内在语境化,以及对口译作为意义协商的日益增长的理解,为提供优秀的圣经翻译意味着什么提供了重要的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Bibliography of Conditionals 条件参考书目
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.54395/jot-85cwr
Rachel Aubrey, Michael Aubrey
This bibliography is designed to provide translators a collection of resources for engaging with the Greek New Testament and for gaining insight into how conditionals function in the linguistic diversity of the world’s languages. The first section attempts to be as comprehensive as possible in its presentation of the research on conditionals in Ancient Greek. The second presents a wide array of publications on conditionals in specific (primarily local) languages. This is followed by a section on sign languages. The third and final section presents a selection of salient publications on conditionals in linguistics generally. We have prioritized functionalist, typological, and cognitive linguistic resources.
这个参考书目的目的是提供翻译资源的集合与希腊新约和获得洞察如何条件在世界语言的语言多样性功能。第一部分试图尽可能全面地介绍古希腊语条件句的研究。第二部分以特定语言(主要是当地语言)提供了大量关于条件句的出版物。接下来是手语部分。第三和最后一节介绍了在语言学条件一般突出出版物的选择。我们优先考虑了功能主义、类型学和认知语言学资源。
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引用次数: 0
“For She Loved Much”: Reason Clauses in Translation “因为她爱得多”:翻译中的理由从句
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.54395/jot-ttwkv
P. Kroeger
This article discusses translation issues that arise in dealing with reason clauses of the types introduced in English by the conjunctions because and for. Because, in its subordinating usage, introduces AT-ISSUE reason clauses, in which both the propositional content of the reason clause and the causal relation itself are part of the main point that is being asserted or questioned. Causal for introduces SUPPLEMENTAL reason clauses, which provide secondary or background-type information. An at-issue reason clause expresses a literal causal relation between two propositions (“real-world causation”), whereas supplemental reason clauses allow a wider range of uses, such as providing evidential/epistemic validation (Mark 14:70 “Surely you are one of them, for you too are a Galilean”) and speech act modification (Luke 12:17 “What shall I do, for I have nowhere to store my crops”). Moreover, at-issue reason clauses can have ambiguous interpretations when the main clause is negated, questioned, or contains quantifier words like few and many. This kind of ambiguity does not arise with supplemental reason clauses. Because of these differences, translating a supplemental reason clause in the SL with an at-issue reason clause in the RL, or vice versa, will affect the information packaging of the verse, since the reason clause is interpreted as being part of the main point of the utterance in one type, but not in the other. This kind of substitution will also add to or restrict the range of possible meanings of the sentence. In some cases, this can introduce ambiguity into the RL that is not present in the SL. In others, it may even remove the correct, intended meaning of the verse as a potential reading of the RL version.
本文讨论了英语中由because和for连词引入的原因从句的翻译问题。因为,在它的从属用法中,引入了AT-ISSUE原因从句,其中原因从句的命题内容和因果关系本身都是被断言或质疑的主要观点的一部分。cause for引入补充理由从句,提供次要或背景类型的信息。一个有争议的理由从句表达了两个命题之间的字面因果关系(“现实世界的因果关系”),而补充理由从句允许更广泛的用途,比如提供证据/认知验证(马可福音14:70“你当然是他们中的一个,因为你也是加利利人”)和言语行为修正(路加福音12:17“我该怎么办,因为我没有地方存放我的庄稼”)。此外,当主句被否定、被质疑或包含像few和many这样的量词时,争论中的理由子句可能有模棱两可的解释。这种歧义不会出现在补充理由从句中。由于这些差异,将SL中的补充理由从句与RL中的争论理由从句进行翻译,反之亦然,都会影响诗歌的信息包装,因为在一种类型中,理由从句被解释为话语的主要观点的一部分,而在另一种类型中则不然。这种替换也会增加或限制句子可能意义的范围。在某些情况下,这可能会给RL引入在SL中不存在的歧义。在其他情况下,它甚至可能会删除作为RL版本潜在阅读的正确的,预期的意思。
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引用次数: 2
Jesus and Illocutionary Forces: Common Functions of Conditionals in the Gospels 耶稣与言外力量:福音书中条件句的共同功能
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.54395/jot-6yd3x
K. Quickert, S. Nicolle
In this paper we look at the various functions of conditionals in Jesus’ speech as recorded in the gospels. We will show how Jesus often uses conditionals to describe hypothetical situations, frequently as illustrations to support a teaching point. We will also look at the way in which Jesus uses conditionals to argue from a known fact to a novel proposition, often using a familiar concrete situation to illustrate a novel spiritual truth. Differences between the ways that the gospel writers use the Greek conditional constructions are also noted.
在这篇论文中,我们来看看福音书中记载的耶稣讲话中条件句的各种功能。我们将展示耶稣如何经常使用条件句来描述假设的情况,经常作为例证来支持一个教导点。我们也会看到耶稣如何使用条件句从一个已知的事实论证到一个新的命题,经常使用一个熟悉的具体情况来说明一个新的属灵真理。福音书作者使用希腊条件句结构的不同之处也被注意到。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
SKASE Journal of Translation and Interpretation
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