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Laws, Dispositions, Memory: Three Hypotheses on the Order of the World 规律、处置、记忆:关于世界秩序的三个假设
IF 0.2 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-03-19 DOI: 10.1515/mp-2020-0010
Joel Dolbeault
Abstract The more science progresses, the more it is evident that the physical world presents regularities. This raises a metaphysical problem: why is the world so ordered? In the first part of the article, I attempt to clarify this problem and justify its relevance. In the following three parts, I analyze three hypotheses already formulated in philosophy in response to this problem: the hypothesis that the order of the world is explained 1) by laws of nature, 2) by dispositions of the fundamental physical entities, 3) or by a memory immanent to matter (a hypothesis developed by Peirce, Bergson and James). The third hypothesis may seem surprising. However, it can be shown that the three hypotheses have a psychomorphic dimension in the sense that they give to nature properties analogous to those of mind. In addition, this third hypothesis presents several interesting arguments.
摘要科学越进步,物理世界就越明显地呈现出规律性。这就提出了一个形而上学的问题:为什么世界如此有序?在文章的第一部分,我试图澄清这个问题,并证明其相关性。在以下三个部分中,我分析了哲学中针对这个问题已经提出的三个假设:世界秩序是由1)自然规律解释的,2)由基本物理实体的配置解释的,3)或由物质固有的记忆解释的(皮尔斯、柏格森和詹姆斯提出的假设)。第三种假设可能令人惊讶。然而,可以证明,这三种假设都有心理形态的维度,因为它们赋予了与心灵相似的自然属性。此外,第三个假设提出了几个有趣的论点。
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引用次数: 1
Self-Relating Internalism: Reply to Vallicella 自我关联的内在主义:对瓦利切拉的回应
IF 0.2 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.1515/mp-2021-2021
Bo R. Meinertsen
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引用次数: 1
A Functional Approach to Ontology 本体的功能方法
IF 0.2 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.1515/mp-2020-0011
Nathaniel Gan
Abstract There are two ways of approaching an ontological debate: ontological realism recommends that metaphysicians seek to discover deep ontological facts of the matter, while ontological anti-realism denies that there are such facts; both views sometimes run into difficulties. This paper suggests an approach to ontology that begins with conceptual analysis and takes the results of that analysis as a guide for which metaontological view to hold. It is argued that in some cases, the functions for which we employ a part of our conceptual scheme might give us reasons to posit ontological facts regarding certain objects. The proposed approach recommends ontological realism about an object just in case our conceptual scheme gives us reason to. This yields a mixed overall metaontological view that adopts ontological realism to some issues and ontological anti-realism to others, and that avoids the difficulties that typically arise for the two views.
本体论辩论有两种途径:本体论实在论主张形而上学家寻求发现事物深层的本体论事实,而本体论反实在论则否认这种事实的存在;这两种观点有时都会遇到困难。本文提出了一种从概念分析开始的本体论方法,并以分析的结果为指导,以持有元本体论观点。有人认为,在某些情况下,我们使用部分概念方案的功能可能会给我们理由来假定关于某些对象的本体论事实。建议的方法是关于一个对象的本体论实在论,以防我们的概念方案给了我们理由。这产生了一种混合的整体元本体论观点,在一些问题上采用本体论实在论,在另一些问题上采用本体论反实在论,从而避免了两种观点通常出现的困难。
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引用次数: 0
Holism | Cosmopsychism – And the Collapse of the Wavefunction 整体论和宇宙论——以及波函数的坍缩
IF 0.2 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.1515/mp-2020-0003
Denis Bobanovic
Abstract The holistic view of the Universe is a very promising approach. The necessity of such a view is shown by the teaching of Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, a German physicist and philosopher. If we accept Panpsychism as the best alternative to Materialism and Dualism, we should take the holistic view seriously. Panpsychism and Holism combined lead to the Idea of Cosmopsychism. If we consider the Universe as a holistic Quantum System, we should ask, what causes the collapse of its wavefunction? I offer four possible answers and I tend to divine consciousness, which brings the collapse of the wavefunction of our Universe.
摘要宇宙的整体观是一种很有前途的方法。德国物理学家和哲学家卡尔·弗里德里希·冯·魏茨泽克的教学表明了这种观点的必要性。如果我们接受泛精神主义作为唯物主义和二元论的最佳选择,我们就应该认真对待整体观。泛精神主义与整体主义相结合,形成了宇宙精神主义思想。如果我们把宇宙视为一个整体的量子系统,我们应该问,是什么导致了它的波函数崩溃?我提供了四个可能的答案,我倾向于神圣意识,这带来了我们宇宙波函数的崩溃。
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引用次数: 0
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Modes 内在和外在模式
IF 0.2 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.1515/mp-2020-0036
Michele Paolini Paoletti
Abstract I offer in this article an account of the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic properties based on the ontology of modes. Modes are particular properties that directly depend for their identity on their “bearers”. In Section 1, I shall introduce the ontology of modes. In Section 2, I shall examine the problem of distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic properties by considering another, related problem: that of distinguishing between internal and external relations. In Section 3, I shall present my own account and I shall also single out different degrees of intrinsicality and extrinsicality. In Section 4, I shall deal with missing-relatum modes, namely, with modes that lack specific relata, such as Othello’s loving someone. I shall introduce three different theories to deal with them. Finally, in Section 5, I shall solve some problems affecting the intrinsic/extrinsic distinction from the standpoint of my account.
摘要本文从模态本体论的角度出发,阐述了内在属性与外在属性的区别。模态是一种特殊的属性,直接依赖于它们的“承载者”。在第1节中,我将介绍模式本体。在第2节中,我将通过考虑另一个相关的问题来研究区分内在和外在属性的问题:区分内部和外部关系的问题。在第3节,我将提出我自己的解释,我也将挑出不同程度的内在性和外在性。在第4节中,我将讨论缺失关联模式,即缺乏特定关联的模式,例如奥赛罗的爱人。我将介绍三种不同的理论来处理它们。最后,在第5节中,我将从我的观点出发,解决一些影响内在/外在区分的问题。
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引用次数: 1
On the Nature of Persons; Persons as Constituted Events 论“人”的本质;作为构成事件的人
IF 0.2 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-03-12 DOI: 10.14264/UQL.2014.237
M. R. Tahmasbi
Abstract The diachronic question of persons deals with personal identity over time: “In virtue of what conditions is a person, P1, at t1, the same person, P2, at t2?” To answer the question, I suggest expanding the constitution theory from a static definition to a dynamic definition. ‘Life’ is an event and the stream of consciousness is an event too. Reflective self-consciousness—which I take to be definitive of persons—is an event. Persons are irreducible constituted events who remain the same through time while they undergo change. This idea faces neither the problem of substance dualism nor the fission problem.
人的历时性问题涉及随着时间推移的人格同一性:“在什么条件下,一个人P1在t1,与同一个人P2在t2?”为了回答这个问题,我建议将构成理论从静态定义扩展到动态定义。“生命”是一个事件,意识流也是一个事件。反思性自我意识——我认为它是人的决定性因素——是一个事件。人是不可约的构成事件,当他们经历变化时,他们在时间中保持不变。这种思想既不面对物质二元论问题,也不面对裂变问题。
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引用次数: 0
Personal Identity and the Hybrid View: A Middle Way 个人身份与混合视角:一条折中之路
IF 0.2 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-03-12 DOI: 10.1515/mp-2020-0007
H. Noonan
Abstract Two of the main contenders in the debate about personal persistence over time are the neo-Lockean psychological continuity view and animalism as defended by Olson and Snowdon. Both are wrong. The position I shall argue for, which I call, following Olson, the hybrid view, takes (non-branching) psychological continuity as a sufficient but, pace the neo-Lockeans, not necessary condition for personal persistence. It sides with the animalist in allowing that mere (non-branching) biological continuity is also sufficient. So I am, in a sense, a psychological continuity theorist. But I am also in a sense, a biological theorist (or as Olson put it, a new animalist).
在关于个人持久性的争论中,两个主要的竞争者是新洛克的心理连续性观点和由奥尔森和斯诺登捍卫的动物主义。两者都错了。我将论证的立场,我称之为,跟随奥尔森的混合观点,将(非分支)心理连续性作为个人坚持的充分条件,但按照新洛克学派的说法,不是必要条件。它站在动物主义者的一边,认为仅仅(无分支)生物连续性也是足够的。所以在某种意义上,我是一个心理连续性理论家。但在某种意义上,我也是一个生物理论家(或者像奥尔森所说的,一个新动物主义者)。
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引用次数: 0
Contra Static Dispositions 反静态处置
IF 0.2 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-03-11 DOI: 10.1515/mp-2020-0023
Andrei A. Buckareff, M. Andrews, Shane Brennan
Abstract Work on dispositions focuses chiefly on dispositions that are manifested in dynamic causal processes. Williams, Neil. 2005. “Static and Dynamic Dispositions.” Synthese 146: 303–24 has argued that the focus on dynamic dispositions has been at the expense of a richer ontology of dispositions. He contends that we ought to distinguish between dynamic and static dispositions. The manifestation of a dynamic disposition involves some change in the world. The manifestation of a static disposition does not involve any change in the world. In this paper, we concede that making a conceptual distinction between dynamic and static dispositions is useful and we allow that we can truthfully represent objects as manifesting static dispositions. However, we argue that the distinction is not ontologically deep. Rather, the truthmakers for our representations of static dispositions are actually dynamic dispositions to whose manifestations we may fail to be sensitive.
关于处置的工作主要集中在动态因果过程中表现出来的处置上。威廉姆斯,尼尔。2005年,“静态和动态处置”。综合146:303-24认为,对动态处置的关注是以牺牲更丰富的处置本体论为代价的。他认为我们应该区分动态和静态的倾向。动态性格的表现涉及到世界的一些变化。静态性格的表现并不涉及世界的任何变化。在本文中,我们承认在动态和静态倾向之间进行概念上的区分是有用的,并且我们允许我们可以真实地将对象表示为表现出静态倾向。然而,我们认为这种区别在本体论上并不深刻。相反,我们对静态倾向的表征实际上是动态倾向,我们可能对其表现不敏感。
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引用次数: 1
Hume’s Thoroughly Relationist Ontology of Time 休谟的时间关系论本体论
IF 0.2 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-03-11 DOI: 10.1515/mp-2021-0004
Matias Slavov
Abstract I argue that Hume’s philosophy of time is relationist in the following two senses. 1) Standard definition of relationism. Time is a succession of indivisible moments. Hence there is no time independent of change. Time is a relational, not substantial feature of the world. 2) Rigid relationism. There is no evidence of uniform natural standard for synchronization of clocks. No absolute temporal metric is available. There are countless times, and no time is privileged. Combining 1) and 2) shows that Hume’s ontology of time is thoroughly relationist.
摘要从以下两个方面论证了休谟的时间哲学是相对论的。1) 关系主义的标准定义。时间是一系列不可分割的时刻。因此,没有独立于变化的时间。时间是世界的一个关系特征,而不是实质特征。2) 僵化的关系主义。没有证据表明时钟同步有统一的自然标准。没有可用的绝对时间度量。有无数次,没有一次是有特权的。1)和2)的结合表明,休谟的时间本体论是一种彻底的关系论。
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引用次数: 0
Counterpart Theories: The Argument from Concern 对等理论:来自关注的争论
IF 0.2 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1515/mp-2021-2020
H. Baber
Abstract Modal counterpart theory identifies a thing’s possibly being F with its having a counterpart that is F at another possible world; temporal counterpart theory, the stage view, according to which people and other ordinary objects are instantaneous stages, identifies a thing’s having been F or going to be F, with its having a counterpart that is F at another time. Both counterpart theories invite what has been called ‘the argument from concern’ (Rosen, G. 1990. “Modal Fictionalism.” Mind 99 (395): 327–54). Why should I be concerned about my counterparts at other possible worlds or other times? I care about how things might have gone for me—not how they go for other people at other possible worlds; I care about my prospects—not the way go for other people at other times. Jiri Benovsky has argued that while modal counterpart theory can be defended against this style of argument, temporal counterpart theory cannot (Benovsky, J. 2015. “Alethic Modalities, Temporal Modalities, and Representation.” Kriterion: Journal of Philosophy 29: 18–34). I argue that temporal counterpart theory, like modal counterpart theory, resists the argument from concern.
抽象模态对应理论将一个事物的可能为F与它在另一个可能世界中的对应为F相识别;时间对应理论,即阶段观,根据这一理论,人和其他普通物体都是瞬间的阶段,它确定了一件事已经是F或将要成为F,而它在另一个时间有一个对应物是F。这两种相对应的理论都引发了所谓的“关注的争论”(Rosen,G.1990)。《模态虚构主义》,《心灵99》(395):327-54页。为什么我要关心其他可能的世界或其他时间的同行?我关心的是事情对我来说会如何发展,而不是对其他可能世界的其他人来说会如何;我关心我的前景,而不是其他时候其他人的前途。Jiri Benovsky认为,虽然模态对应理论可以针对这种论点进行辩护,但时间对应理论却不能(Benovsky,J.2015)。“整体模态、时间模态和表征”,克里顿:哲学杂志29:18-34)。我认为时间对应理论,就像模态对应理论一样,从关注的角度来抵制这种争论。
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Metaphysica-International Journal for Ontology & Metaphysics
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