Hedging is a complex phenomenon with an indefinite number of potential realisations. The complexity and versatility of hedging strategies make them particularly interesting to study across languages. This contrastive study compares the realisations of the pragmatic function of hedging in everyday Norwegian and English conversations using data from four corpora of Norwegian and English informal spoken conversations (the Norwegian Speech Corpus, the Nordic Dialect Corpus, the BigBrother corpus, and the BNC2014). The results show that speakers of both languages mainly use pragmatic particles, adverbs, and first-/second-person pronouns + cognitive verbs [1/2 pers. + Cog. V] to express hedging. Furthermore, English speakers use significantly more [1/2 pers. + Cog. V] and modal verbs than Norwegian speakers, who use significantly more adjectives, prepositional phrases and clauses to hedge their utterances.
{"title":"“I guess anyone would do that wouldn’t they?”","authors":"Stine Hulleberg Johansen","doi":"10.1075/lic.19025.joh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.19025.joh","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hedging is a complex phenomenon with an indefinite number of potential realisations. The complexity and versatility of\u0000 hedging strategies make them particularly interesting to study across languages. This contrastive study compares the realisations of the\u0000 pragmatic function of hedging in everyday Norwegian and English conversations using data from four corpora of Norwegian and English informal\u0000 spoken conversations (the Norwegian Speech Corpus, the Nordic Dialect Corpus, the BigBrother corpus, and the BNC2014). The results show that\u0000 speakers of both languages mainly use pragmatic particles, adverbs, and first-/second-person pronouns + cognitive verbs [1/2 pers. + Cog. V]\u0000 to express hedging. Furthermore, English speakers use significantly more [1/2 pers. + Cog. V] and modal verbs than Norwegian speakers, who\u0000 use significantly more adjectives, prepositional phrases and clauses to hedge their utterances.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80224447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this article is to shed new light on the use and translation of English and Swedish questions in fiction by using a combination of parallel and comparable corpus data extracted from the bidirectional English-Swedish Parallel Corpus. In particular, the study examines questions containing a question mark (QMquestions) categorised into wh-interrogatives, polar interrogatives, alternative questions, tag questions (including those with invariant tags), declarative questions, wh-fragments and non-wh-fragments. The parallel analysis shows that most QMquestion types are more often translated congruently into English than into Swedish. The focus is on types with low mutual correspondence scores: fragments, tag questions and declarative questions. The comparable analyses concern both bilingual contrasts between the original texts and monolingual contrasts between the translation and original subcorpora in both languages. The bilingual analysis aligns with several preliminary findings in the parallel analysis, e.g. the favouring of tag questions and some types of wh-fragments in English. The monolingual analysis reveals both over- and underuse in translations and points to a strong effect of source-language influence.
{"title":"Questions in English and Swedish fiction texts","authors":"K. Axelsson","doi":"10.1075/lic.00017.axe","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.00017.axe","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this article is to shed new light on the use and translation of English and Swedish questions in fiction by using a combination of parallel and comparable corpus data extracted from the bidirectional English-Swedish Parallel Corpus. In particular, the study examines questions containing a question mark (QMquestions) categorised into wh-interrogatives, polar interrogatives, alternative questions, tag questions (including those with invariant tags), declarative questions, wh-fragments and non-wh-fragments. The parallel analysis shows that most QMquestion types are more often translated congruently into English than into Swedish. The focus is on types with low mutual correspondence scores: fragments, tag questions and declarative questions. The comparable analyses concern both bilingual contrasts between the original texts and monolingual contrasts between the translation and original subcorpora in both languages. The bilingual analysis aligns with several preliminary findings in the parallel analysis, e.g. the favouring of tag questions and some types of wh-fragments in English. The monolingual analysis reveals both over- and underuse in translations and points to a strong effect of source-language influence.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"1 1","pages":"235-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90611816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In many languages, conjunctive adjuncts (e.g. however, therefore) are syntactically mobile. Several corpus-based contrastive studies have shown that languages differ in the positions that they tend to prefer for conjunctive adjuncts. However, the studies available have formulated general cross-linguistic differences in placement for languages as wholes, without considering the possibility that such contrasts may be influenced by register. The objective of this paper is to investigate and compare the placement patterns of English and French conjunctive adjuncts of contrast in two written registers (viz. editorials and research articles) in order to measure the impact of register variation on the differences between these two languages. The results suggest that, although register variation plays a significant role on placement within each language system, language is a better predictor of placement than register, since cross-linguistic differences in placement between English and French are stable across communicative situations. In a second stage, the results obtained in the comparable corpus study are complemented with the analysis of translation data, with a view to assessing the translators’ degree of awareness of the inherent word order preferences of the target language. The study is grounded in the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics and relies on the notions of Theme and Rheme to describe conjunctive adjunct placement.
{"title":"Placement patterns of English and French conjunctive adjuncts of contrast","authors":"Maïté Dupont","doi":"10.1075/lic.00018.dup","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.00018.dup","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In many languages, conjunctive adjuncts (e.g. however, therefore) are syntactically mobile. Several corpus-based contrastive studies have shown that languages differ in the positions that they tend to prefer for conjunctive adjuncts. However, the studies available have formulated general cross-linguistic differences in placement for languages as wholes, without considering the possibility that such contrasts may be influenced by register. The objective of this paper is to investigate and compare the placement patterns of English and French conjunctive adjuncts of contrast in two written registers (viz. editorials and research articles) in order to measure the impact of register variation on the differences between these two languages. The results suggest that, although register variation plays a significant role on placement within each language system, language is a better predictor of placement than register, since cross-linguistic differences in placement between English and French are stable across communicative situations. In a second stage, the results obtained in the comparable corpus study are complemented with the analysis of translation data, with a view to assessing the translators’ degree of awareness of the inherent word order preferences of the target language. The study is grounded in the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics and relies on the notions of Theme and Rheme to describe conjunctive adjunct placement.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"55 1","pages":"263-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90778812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article outlines the beginnings of corpus-based contrastive studies with special reference to the development of parallel corpora that took place in Scandinavia in the early 1990s under the direction of Stig Johansson. It then discusses multilingual corpus types and methodological issues of their exploration, including thetertium comparationisfor contrastive studies based on different types of corpora. Some glimpses are offered of recent developments and current trends in the field, including the widening scope of corpus-based contrastive analysis, concerning language pairs as well as the kinds of topics studied and the methods used. The paper ends by identifying and discussing some challenges for the field and indicating prospects and directions for its future.
{"title":"Corpus-based contrastive studies","authors":"H. Hasselgård","doi":"10.1075/lic.00015.has","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.00015.has","url":null,"abstract":"This article outlines the beginnings of corpus-based contrastive studies with special reference to the development of parallel corpora that took place in Scandinavia in the early 1990s under the direction of Stig Johansson. It then discusses multilingual corpus types and methodological issues of their exploration, including thetertium comparationisfor contrastive studies based on different types of corpora. Some glimpses are offered of recent developments and current trends in the field, including the widening scope of corpus-based contrastive analysis, concerning language pairs as well as the kinds of topics studied and the methods used. The paper ends by identifying and discussing some challenges for the field and indicating prospects and directions for its future.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"118 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86461021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper explores both comparable and translation data from the fiction part of the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus (ENPC) in a new way. Rather than studying fiction as a unified register, we investigate to what extent fiction can be seen to contain (at least) two distinct registers – dialogue and narrative – and to what extent this may have implications for contrastive studies based on a corpus such as the ENPC. Token counts show that, although the texts are predominantly narrative in nature, the Norwegian texts are even more so than the English ones. On the basis of word lists, two items proportionally more frequent in dialogue and that had previously been studied on the basis of the fiction texts in the ENPC were identified and chosen for further scrutiny: there and see. Results from these two case studies uncover some differences in the use of there and see in dialogue vs. narrative, most conspicuously for see where its preferred use in dialogue is the cognition sense and in narrative the perception sense. For there, a noticeable difference is the choice of verb in the Norwegian translations of existential there-clauses in dialogue and narrative. In narrative, verbs other than verbs of existence are sometimes chosen, while this is never the case in dialogue.
摘要本文以一种全新的方式对英-挪威语平行语料库(ENPC)小说部分的可比数据和翻译数据进行了研究。我们不是将小说作为一个统一的语域来研究，而是研究小说在多大程度上可以被视为包含(至少)两种不同的语域——对话和叙事——以及这在多大程度上可能对基于语料库(如ENPC)的对比研究产生影响。象征性的计数表明，尽管文本在本质上主要是叙事性的，挪威文本甚至比英语文本更多。在单词列表的基础上，在对话中出现频率更高的两个词被识别出来，并被选中进行进一步的审查:there和see。这两个案例研究的结果揭示了there and see在对话和叙事中的使用存在一些差异，其中最明显的是对话中更倾向于认知意义，而叙事中更倾向于感知意义。在挪威语中，对话和叙事中存在性there从句的动词选择是一个明显的差异。在叙述中，有时会选择存在动词以外的动词，而在对话中则不会这样。
{"title":"Dialogue vs. narrative in fiction","authors":"S. O. Ebeling, J. Ebeling","doi":"10.1075/lic.00019.oks","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.00019.oks","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores both comparable and translation data from the fiction part of the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus (ENPC) in a new way. Rather than studying fiction as a unified register, we investigate to what extent fiction can be seen to contain (at least) two distinct registers – dialogue and narrative – and to what extent this may have implications for contrastive studies based on a corpus such as the ENPC. Token counts show that, although the texts are predominantly narrative in nature, the Norwegian texts are even more so than the English ones. On the basis of word lists, two items proportionally more frequent in dialogue and that had previously been studied on the basis of the fiction texts in the ENPC were identified and chosen for further scrutiny: there and see. Results from these two case studies uncover some differences in the use of there and see in dialogue vs. narrative, most conspicuously for see where its preferred use in dialogue is the cognition sense and in narrative the perception sense. For there, a noticeable difference is the choice of verb in the Norwegian translations of existential there-clauses in dialogue and narrative. In narrative, verbs other than verbs of existence are sometimes chosen, while this is never the case in dialogue.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"7 1","pages":"288-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78445224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aims of this paper are to analyse differences in the degree of lexical variation (type/token ratio and hapax/token ratio) of reporting verbs in reporting clauses placed medially or in postposition in English, French and Czech fiction and to evaluate their consequences in translation, especially in regard to explicitation/implicitation. We expect that, in translations from a language with a low degree of lexical variation of reporting verbs into a language with a high degree of lexical variation, the frequency and the degree of explicitation will be higher than in translations involving languages less different with respect to lexical variation. The analysis, relying on data extracted from the InterCorp multilingual corpus, proposes a classification of reporting verbs based on the type and amount of information conveyed, which allows evaluating the degree of explicitation operated in translations. The results show that most shifts involve only the neutral reporting verb say/dire, replaced by a stylistically more specific synonym or by a verb explicitating information obvious from the context. This suggests that modifications of reporting verbs in translation are motivated primarily by respect for the stylistic norm of the target language and the degree of acceptability of the repetition of the neutral reporting verb.
{"title":"Differences in the lexical variation of reporting verbs in French, English and Czech fiction and their impact on\u0000 translation","authors":"Olga Nádvorníková","doi":"10.1075/lic.00016.nad","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.00016.nad","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aims of this paper are to analyse differences in the degree of lexical variation (type/token ratio and\u0000 hapax/token ratio) of reporting verbs in reporting clauses placed medially or in postposition in English, French and Czech fiction\u0000 and to evaluate their consequences in translation, especially in regard to explicitation/implicitation. We expect that, in\u0000 translations from a language with a low degree of lexical variation of reporting verbs into a language with a high degree of\u0000 lexical variation, the frequency and the degree of explicitation will be higher than in translations involving languages less\u0000 different with respect to lexical variation. The analysis, relying on data extracted from the InterCorp multilingual corpus,\u0000 proposes a classification of reporting verbs based on the type and amount of information conveyed, which allows evaluating the\u0000 degree of explicitation operated in translations. The results show that most shifts involve only the neutral reporting verb\u0000 say/dire, replaced by a stylistically more specific synonym or by a verb explicitating information obvious\u0000 from the context. This suggests that modifications of reporting verbs in translation are motivated primarily by respect for the\u0000 stylistic norm of the target language and the degree of acceptability of the repetition of the neutral reporting verb.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"5 1","pages":"209-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89979661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Complementary Contribution of Comparable and Parallel Corpora to Crosslinguistic Studies","authors":"","doi":"10.1075/lic.20.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.20.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"427 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75902626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a contrastive analysis of the English copular subschema [become + past participle] and the equivalent copular subschema [devenir + past participle] in French, based on web data. It is shown that both patterns are almost equally productive at the subject complement level. Furthermore, a more in-depth analysis demonstrates that, in the segment of participles with a high adjectival potential, devenir accumulates more participle tokens than become. Conversely, the reverse holds true for participles with a high verbal potential, in which case become is characterized by more participle tokens than devenir. This high amount of combinations between become and eventive participles also suggests a higher degree of passivity for become. However, in the segment of participles with an intermediate verbal potential, devenir is slightly more type frequent than become, which hints at an emerging productivity in this area for devenir as well.
{"title":"The copular subschema[become/devenir + past participle]in English and French","authors":"Niek Van Wettere","doi":"10.1075/lic.19013.van","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.19013.van","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article presents a contrastive analysis of the English copular subschema [become + past\u0000 participle] and the equivalent copular subschema [devenir + past participle] in French, based on web data. It is\u0000 shown that both patterns are almost equally productive at the subject complement level. Furthermore, a more in-depth analysis\u0000 demonstrates that, in the segment of participles with a high adjectival potential, devenir accumulates more\u0000 participle tokens than become. Conversely, the reverse holds true for participles with a high verbal potential,\u0000 in which case become is characterized by more participle tokens than devenir. This high amount\u0000 of combinations between become and eventive participles also suggests a higher degree of passivity for\u0000 become. However, in the segment of participles with an intermediate verbal potential,\u0000 devenir is slightly more type frequent than become, which hints at an emerging productivity\u0000 in this area for devenir as well.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75222616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Cross-linguistically, there are different patterns for denominal verb formation and languages show preferences for certain patterns (cf. McIntyre, 2015 ). In this paper, I focus on denominal verb formation in English and Modern Greek. The analyzed data come from the TenTen corpora (Sketch Engine, Kilgariff et al., 2014 ). The first aim is to quantify the use of the patterns of denominal verb formations in both languages. The results of the analysis corroborate the findings of previous analyses, such as the strong preference for conversion for denominal verb formation in English and for suffixation in Modern Greek. However, the present paper aims to go a step further. The second aim is to discuss why English and Modern Greek show these preferences. I propose that the preferences can be explained if we correlate the parameters of inflectional marking, word order/configurationality, system of lexical category assignment and boundary permeability.
从跨语言的角度来看，名动词的形成有不同的模式，语言对某些模式有偏好(cf. McIntyre, 2015)。本文主要研究英语和现代希腊语中名动词的构成。分析的数据来自tenen语料库(Sketch Engine, Kilgariff et al.， 2014)。第一个目的是量化两种语言中名动词构成模式的使用。分析结果证实了先前分析的发现，例如英语中对动词名形形式的转换和现代希腊语中对后缀形式的转换的强烈偏好。然而，本文的目的是更进一步。第二个目的是讨论为什么英语和现代希腊语表现出这些偏好。我提出，如果我们将屈折标记、词序/配置性、词汇类别分配系统和边界渗透性等参数联系起来，就可以解释这种偏好。
{"title":"Denominal verb formationin English and Modern Greek","authors":"Nikos Koutsoukos","doi":"10.1075/lic.19020.kou","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.19020.kou","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cross-linguistically, there are different patterns for denominal verb formation and languages show preferences for certain patterns (cf. McIntyre, 2015 ). In this paper, I focus on denominal verb formation in English and Modern Greek. The analyzed data come from the TenTen corpora (Sketch Engine, Kilgariff et al., 2014 ). The first aim is to quantify the use of the patterns of denominal verb formations in both languages. The results of the analysis corroborate the findings of previous analyses, such as the strong preference for conversion for denominal verb formation in English and for suffixation in Modern Greek. However, the present paper aims to go a step further. The second aim is to discuss why English and Modern Greek show these preferences. I propose that the preferences can be explained if we correlate the parameters of inflectional marking, word order/configurationality, system of lexical category assignment and boundary permeability.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91304885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focuses on French and English abstract nouns denoting properties that can be ascribed to humans, such as beauty, carefulness and anger. Previous research showed that some but not all of these nouns are licensed in both locative existentials (e.g., There’s an intense anger in Isabella) and possessive existentials (e.g., Isabella has an intense anger). What remains unclear is how these and other patterns correlate among themselves depending on how easily they host such nouns. We here use speaker ratings of these nouns in different constructional environments. A principal component analysis suggests that the main dimension underlying native speakers’ ratings of these abstract nouns in six different patterns is temporal limitability. This gradable distinction, strongly correlated with the locative existential, holds for both the French and English data and outweighs any French-English contrastive differences in how acceptable human property nouns are considered to be in the patterns studied.
{"title":"Temperaments, tempers, and temporality","authors":"B. Cappelle, Vassil Mostrov, Fayssal Tayalati","doi":"10.1075/lic.19006.cap","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.19006.cap","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study focuses on French and English abstract nouns denoting properties that can be ascribed to humans, such\u0000 as beauty, carefulness and anger. Previous research showed that some but not all of these nouns are licensed in both locative\u0000 existentials (e.g., There’s an intense anger in Isabella) and possessive existentials (e.g., Isabella has an intense anger). What\u0000 remains unclear is how these and other patterns correlate among themselves depending on how easily they host such nouns. We here\u0000 use speaker ratings of these nouns in different constructional environments. A principal component analysis suggests that the main\u0000 dimension underlying native speakers’ ratings of these abstract nouns in six different patterns is temporal limitability. This\u0000 gradable distinction, strongly correlated with the locative existential, holds for both the French and English data and outweighs\u0000 any French-English contrastive differences in how acceptable human property nouns are considered to be in the patterns\u0000 studied.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87665162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：