Journal of Family Psychology最新文献

Reliable and valid assessment of parenting and child behaviors is critical for clinicians and researchers alike, and observational measures of parenting behaviors are often considered the gold standard for assessing parenting and parent-child interaction quality. The present study sought to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Coder Impressions Questionnaire-Kindergarten (COIMP-K) measure. The present study was a secondary analysis of 274 parents and their children participating in a randomized control trial testing a brief parenting intervention for parents of children entering kindergarten. Families participated in baseline and follow-up assessments and videotaped observational tasks. Graduate and undergraduate coders completed the COIMP-K after achieving reliability. The aims of the present study were to assess COIMP-K's (a) internal consistency using intercorrelations among COIMP-K subscales, (b) construct validity, (c) convergent validity by comparing the COIMP-K subscales to parents' self-report of similar behaviors, (d) discriminant validity by comparing subscales to a parent-teacher communication measure as it is unrelated to parenting or child behaviors, and (e) congruence across time. The authors hypothesized that the COIMP-K would demonstrate adequate internal consistency (Cortina, 1993), adequate construct, convergent, and discriminant validity and find congruence of the measure across time. The results demonstrated that the factors had adequate internal consistency, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity, as well as longitudinal replicability and congruence over time. The study demonstrates that the COIMP-K is a reliable and valid tool for assessing observed family behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Bisexuality in fatherhood is largely invisible, with very little known about the experiences of bisexual fathers. Conducted by researchers in the United Kingdom, this study is one of the first to explore the experiences of bisexual fathers, and, using an identify-focused approach, it aims to understand bisexual fathers' experiences of managing their bisexuality and role as a father. Twenty-four bisexual fathers in Europe and North America took part in qualitative, semistructured interviews that focused on their bisexual identity, becoming a parent, experiences of family life, and community involvement. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted, and four themes were identified: valuing different types of authenticity, seeking safety in the community, reconciling bisexuality with the traditional family, and sharing and learning across age groups. Despite describing their identity as often invisible, fathers indicated that their personal identity had a significant impact on their social interactions as well as their individual parenting and family practices. Findings contrast stage models of LGBTQ+ identity development, as fathers' identity work practices were often more important for their identity development and integration than aspiring for full "outness." Findings expand our scholarly understanding of the role of identity in parenting and highlight the need to improve representation and support for bisexual fathers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Protective parenting, when enacted in contexts that do not require it, predicts child anxiety. Both child (e.g., temperament) and maternal (e.g., physiology and cognition) factors relate to parenting behavior, supporting family systems theory. In order to better understand the development of environmental risk for child anxiety, the present study applied the integrated social information and emotion processing theory to protective parenting, assessing concurrent relations among child temperament, maternal physiology, maternal cognitions, and protective parenting in toddlerhood. The present study also investigated whether the theory could be applied to longitudinal relations, testing cognition as a mechanism by which maternal physiology and child temperament predict maternal protective parenting over time. Study participants included 189 mothers (89.9% White, 2.1% Hispanic, 32.3% with annual household income ≤ $40,000) and children (55.6% male, 81.0% White, 3.7% Hispanic). Results indicated that the theory was partially applicable to both concurrent and prospective mother-child relations implicated in child anxiety development. Namely, child inhibited temperament (IT) related concurrently to maternal beliefs about the harm of child anxiety at child age 1 year, and to maternal protective parenting at child ages 2 and 3 years. Maternal baseline respiratory sinus arrythmia related to protective parenting at child age 3 years. Longitudinally, maternal beliefs at child age 1 year predicted maternal perceptions of child IT at child age 2 years. Maternal beliefs at child age 2 years predicted maternal protective parenting at child age 3 years. Although the mechanistic role of cognition was not supported, child emotion processes and maternal cognitions may uniquely contribute to maternal protective parenting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Behavioral parenting programs, such as Incredible Years (IY), reduce conduct problems in children. However, conduct problems encompass many different behaviors, and little is known about the effects of parenting programs on specific aspects of children's conduct problems, such as children's relationships with others. The aim of this study was to examine, for the first time, the effects of the IY parenting program on children's levels of conflict with their parents, siblings, and peers. We used individual participant-level data pooled across 12 randomized trials in Europe, comprising a total of 1,409 families: child aged 1-11 years (M = 5.53 years, SD = 1.56) and 61% male, 60% low-income families, and 30% from an ethnic minority. Multilevel models were used to explore the effects of IY on children's conflict with parents, siblings, and peers. The IY program reduced children's conflict with their parents (β = -.21), but there were no main effects of the program on conflict with siblings or peers. Moderation analyses showed that IY reduced conflict in sibling relationships for the 22% of families with the most severe sibling conflict at baseline. This suggests that high-quality behavioral parenting programs, such as IY, can effectively reduce children's conflict within the home (i.e., with parents and siblings), especially when initial levels of sibling conflict are high, but do not have broader benefits on children's interpersonal conflict outside of the home (i.e., with peers). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Youth of parents who are experiencing psychopathology are more likely to develop emotional concerns, and these mental health symptoms can have a deleterious impact on parents' mental health. However, the relationship between the presentation of specific symptoms in parents and youth is infrequently examined. Symptom network analysis is an analytic approach that is increasingly being used to better understand the relationship of symptoms within and between disorders and can also be used to examine symptom relations within a dyad. The present study used symptom network analysis to examine bidirectional relationships among depressive and anxiety psychopathology in a transdiagnostic sample of treatment-seeking youth and their primary caregiver. Parental anhedonia and child worthlessness exhibited the greatest centrality within the network, suggesting that these may act as risk and maintenance factors for parent-child psychopathology and may be important intervention targets. Findings support the use of symptom network analysis to inform an understanding of the complex relationships among parent and child depressive and anxiety symptoms. Future research should consider the use of network analytic methods to examine the temporal relationships between parent and child psychopathology and to inform joint parent-child interventions for those with internalizing concerns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Parental support is crucial in the well-being of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth. Research shows that parents of TGD youth often experience stigma and negative mental health outcomes as a result of being exposed to cissexist settings as they advocate and seek services for their child. Yet, there is a lack of research on the experiences of parents of TGD youth in the United States. This study explores the reported hopes of 990 parents (M_age = 48.6 years; SD = 6.7; 88.1% White; 67.3% heterosexual; 89.4% cisgender women) of TGD youth for their children (youth ages 3-18 years) in the United States. Radical hope framework is applied to unpack narratives of hopes by parents of TGD youth as a critical component of resistance and motivation toward healing from oppression. For this study, the following open-ended question was analyzed using thematic analysis: What is your greatest hope for your child? Four main themes and 11 subthemes of parental hopes emerged: (1) living authentically (freely expressing themselves, developing self-love, living a happy and normal life), (2) interpersonal connections (finding community, building social networks and friendships, developing romantic relationships, building their own family, and loved by others), (3) meeting life milestones (career and employment, achieving goals and dreams, and becoming an advocate), and (4) acceptance by society. We provide clinical recommendations grounded on the tenets of radical hope such as collective ways in which parents of TGD youth can engage in both resisting systemic oppression and building strong loving relationships with their child. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Reports an error in "Parenting young children during COVID-19: Parenting stress trajectories, parental mental health, and child problem behaviors" by Ashleigh I. Aviles, Sophia K. Betar, Sarah M. Cline, Ziyu Tian, Deborah B. Jacobvitz and Jody S. Nicholson (Journal of Family Psychology, 2024[Mar], Vol 38[2], 296-308). In the original article, there were some errors. Corrections have been made in the Abstract sentence, first paragraph of the main text, the beginning of the first sentence of the Parenting Stress subsection in the Method section, and the start of the first sentence of the Depressive Symptoms subsection. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2024-45266-001). Parenting stress reflects a discrepancy between a parent's perception of their resources, the demands of their child's needs, and the caregiving relationship and contexts (Abidin, 1992). Parenting stress can increase the risk of issues in the parent-child relationship, as well as child behavioral and emotional outcomes (Neece et al., 2012; Spinelli et al., 2021). Chronic stressors, such as living through the COVID-19 pandemic, have the potential to increase the demands of parenting and thus parenting stress. Using latent growth curve modeling, we examined parenting stress trajectories of 298 American parents with young children (M_age = 15.02 months, range = 1-34 months) over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also examined the effects of parental mental health on parenting stress, and the effects of parental mental health and parenting stress on child problem behaviors using data gathered through the Prolific survey platform. Parental mental health, measured by depressive symptoms Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-10, anxiety symptoms Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and overall stress levels 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, was related to higher initial parenting stress index-short form. Changes in parenting stress over time were linked with higher levels of children's problem behaviors (CBCL). Child temperament was also related to initial parenting stress. Lower levels of household income were linked with higher levels of parental mental health symptoms and higher rates of parenting stress increases over time. These results highlight the importance of considering the well-being of all family members in child outcomes, and the ways in which different experiences and resources during the COVID-19 pandemic affect parental and child well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

How adolescents and their parents cope with adolescent stress is relevant for child well-being. (In)congruencies between parent and child perceptions of child stress may be important sources of information for understanding family functioning. However, research assessing the occurrence of stressful events in adolescents' daily lives from the perspective of both adolescents and their parents is lacking, likely because this type of research comes with numerous challenges. Therefore, this pilot study examined the feasibility of two different paradigms, daily diary and the experience sampling method (ESM), for triadic (child-mother-father) assessment of adolescent stress in daily life. Twenty family triads participated either in the diary paradigm (receiving one survey per day) or the ESM paradigm (receiving multiple surveys per day). Results indicated that both paradigms seemed doable to participants in terms of experienced burden, and individual compliance to the paradigms was sufficient. The absolute number of reported stressors was similar across paradigms. In addition, both paradigms captured convergence and divergence in the family members' reports of adolescent stress and between- and within-family differences therein. However, diary participants experienced lower burden and missed relatively less assessments (higher individual and triadic compliance) than ESM participants, suggesting higher data quality. In all, these findings suggest that although both paradigms may be feasible, a diary paradigm may be preferred to capture triadic family reports of adolescent stress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This study explores the dyadic longitudinal interplay among parents' psychological distress, family cohesion, children's internalizing/externalizing behaviors, and peer-related social competence within individual and dyadic relationships. Data came from a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study of children in South Korea. The analyses included 1,779 families across three annual timepoints. Children were 4 years old (48.6% girls) and the mean ages of mothers and fathers were 34.8 and 37.3 years, respectively, at baseline. At each assessment point, mothers completed questionnaires regarding their psychological distress, cohesion, and their child's internalizing/externalizing behaviors, while fathers provided information on their psychological distress and family cohesion. Preschool teachers also evaluated children's peer social competence at each measurement timepoint. The results revealed bidirectional associations between maternal ratings of psychological distress and children's internalizing/externalizing behaviors as well as between maternal ratings of cohesion and children's internalizing/externalizing behaviors. Paternal ratings of psychological distress were longitudinally related to maternal ratings of children's internalizing behaviors. Teacher ratings of children's peer social competence were associated with maternal ratings of internalizing/externalizing behaviors and paternal ratings of psychological distress and cohesion. Teacher ratings of peer social competence and maternal ratings of internalizing and externalizing behaviors were reciprocally associated. Maternal and paternal ratings of psychological distress and cohesion were prospectively and bidirectionally associated. The findings demonstrate prospective transactions among family subsystems, some of which were moderated by child sex, while highlighting the importance of obtaining data on each family member and considering interactive effects of both parent and child sex in this line of inquiry. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Parents engage in a variety of behaviors that have important impacts on children's psychosocial functioning, including their ability to effectively regulate emotions. Parental support includes behaviors that convey warmth, love, and acceptance, whereas parental psychological control includes shaming, guilt induction, and love withdrawal. Although the unique effects of these parenting behaviors are most often examined in the literature, it is possible that they may interact with one another to influence child outcomes. The goal of the present study was to examine whether parental psychological control moderated the effect of parental support on children's emotion (dys)regulation over a 6-month period. Participants included 284 third- through fifth-grade students (51.8% boys; 51.1% Hispanic/Latinx) as well as their homeroom teachers. Children completed self-report measures of parental support, psychological control, and emotion (dys)regulation during the fall and spring semesters of an academic year. Teachers also completed measures of emotion (dys)regulation at each time point. Results indicated that parental psychological control moderated the association between parental support and self-reported emotion regulation over time. Specifically, parental support predicted increases in emotion regulation over time among youth reporting lower levels of psychological control; at higher levels, however, parental support was not associated with emotion regulation. Furthermore, psychological control uniquely predicted increases in child-reported emotion dysregulation, whereas parental support predicted decreases in teacher-reported emotion dysregulation. Findings from this study suggest that psychological control may serve as an important target for future parenting interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).