Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1353/tmr.2024.a915897
H. B. Meriem
ABSTRACT:This paper explores the image of Siad Barre in Jamal Gabobe's and Mohamud S. Togane's poems and historicizes a decisive era in modern Somali history: the period between 1969 and 1990 during which Siad Barre ruled over Somalia. These poems explore the dictatorial nature of Barre's rule and the mechanisms by which he managed to stay in power. The personal trauma, which is expressed in some poems, is used as a foundation for Somalis' collective renaissance. By the act of writing and voicing their pain, the tormented empower themselves and shed light on a dark stage of Somali history, giving an inclusive image of the status of Somalis in Barre's and post-Barre's Somalia.Essential questions will be posed and addressed, such as: how did the poems written before the collapse of Barre's regime help Somalis fight dictatorship? What is the role of such poems in the construction of a new identity in the post-Barre era? Can they be seen as acts of discursive resistance?
ABSTRACT:This paper exploishes the image of Siad Barre in Jamal Gabobe's and Mohamud S. Togane's poems and historicizes a decisive era in modern Somali history: the period between 1969 and 1990 during which Siad Barre ruled over Somalia.这些诗歌探讨了巴雷统治的独裁性质以及他得以继续掌权的机制。一些诗歌所表达的个人创伤被用作索马里人集体复兴的基础。通过写作和表达痛苦，受折磨者增强了自己的能力，揭示了索马里历史上的黑暗阶段，为巴雷和后巴雷时代索马里人的地位提供了一个全面的形象。将提出并解决一些重要问题，如：巴雷政权垮台前创作的诗歌如何帮助索马里人反抗独裁？这些诗歌在后巴雷时代构建新身份的过程中发挥了什么作用？这些诗歌能否被视为话语抵抗行为？
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Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1353/tmr.2024.a915901
M. Rousset
RÉSUMÈ:La constitution marocaine de 2011 a été saluée pour les avancées importantes qu'elle réalisait en ce qui concerne l'Etat de droit et la sécurité juridique: Le Pouvoir judiciaire s'est substitué à l'autorité judiciaire d'antan et d'autre part la constitution promet la gestion du territoire dans le cadre d'une régionalisation effective permettant d'aboutir en cohérence avec action de l'Etat à la réalisation d'une équité territoriale qui actuellement n'est qu'un leurre comme l'a démontré hélas le séisme de septembre 2023 dans le haut Atlas .Or sur ces deux points la réalité apporte un démenti aux dispositions constitutionnelles. Pour le premier démenti il s'agit de la persistance d'un phénomène, ancien, la spoliation immobilière, malgré la protection constitutionnelle de la propriété privée qui existe dans toutes les constitutions depuis 1962; ce phénomène est lié à l'existence d'une véritable mafia composée d'agents immobiliers, des membres des professions judiciaires et oara-judiciaires, sans oublier sans doute de personnel de diverses administrations, notamment la Conservation foncière, le tout sur fond de corruption, maladie endémique au Maroc.
{"title":"Principes Constitutionnels et Réalités Politiques, Administratives et Judiciaires au Maroc","authors":"M. Rousset","doi":"10.1353/tmr.2024.a915901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tmr.2024.a915901","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÈ:La constitution marocaine de 2011 a été saluée pour les avancées importantes qu'elle réalisait en ce qui concerne l'Etat de droit et la sécurité juridique: Le Pouvoir judiciaire s'est substitué à l'autorité judiciaire d'antan et d'autre part la constitution promet la gestion du territoire dans le cadre d'une régionalisation effective permettant d'aboutir en cohérence avec action de l'Etat à la réalisation d'une équité territoriale qui actuellement n'est qu'un leurre comme l'a démontré hélas le séisme de septembre 2023 dans le haut Atlas .Or sur ces deux points la réalité apporte un démenti aux dispositions constitutionnelles. Pour le premier démenti il s'agit de la persistance d'un phénomène, ancien, la spoliation immobilière, malgré la protection constitutionnelle de la propriété privée qui existe dans toutes les constitutions depuis 1962; ce phénomène est lié à l'existence d'une véritable mafia composée d'agents immobiliers, des membres des professions judiciaires et oara-judiciaires, sans oublier sans doute de personnel de diverses administrations, notamment la Conservation foncière, le tout sur fond de corruption, maladie endémique au Maroc.","PeriodicalId":516563,"journal":{"name":"The Maghreb Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1353/tmr.2024.a915899
Michael M. Gunter
ABSTRACT:This paper analyses the long-running debate between the oft-opposed international legal/political doctrines of self-determination (maintained by the Kurds) and territorial integrity (advocated by Iraq, Turkey, Iran, and Syria) to conclude that the latter trumps the former. The author examines international legal practice regarding the UN, the Helsinki Final Act of 1975, various ICJ decisions regarding former Yugoslavia and Africa, the international legal doctrines of sovereignty, succession and uti possidetis, among others, to reach this conclusion. However, there is nothing in international law that prohibits successful secession as the cases of Eritrea and Kosovo, among others, illustrate. Nevertheless, either the secession must be won in war or accepted peacefully by the original mother state. Neither has occurred in the case of the Kurds. Remedial secession and internal self-determination also offer more flexible interpretations of the applicability of self-determination, but do not constitute international law or detract in any way from the conclusion that territorial integrity takes precedence over self-determination. Thus, international law only plays a secondary role in attempts to solve the Kurdish predicament. Traditional power politics remains the primary solution to the Kurdish predicament. However, by successfully building rudimentary state institutions, the KRG has managed to stake a claim to autonomy and even nascent statehood.
{"title":"Constructing Kurdish Statehood in Northern Iraq: The Primacy of Traditional Statecraft over International Law","authors":"Michael M. Gunter","doi":"10.1353/tmr.2024.a915899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tmr.2024.a915899","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This paper analyses the long-running debate between the oft-opposed international legal/political doctrines of self-determination (maintained by the Kurds) and territorial integrity (advocated by Iraq, Turkey, Iran, and Syria) to conclude that the latter trumps the former. The author examines international legal practice regarding the UN, the Helsinki Final Act of 1975, various ICJ decisions regarding former Yugoslavia and Africa, the international legal doctrines of sovereignty, succession and uti possidetis, among others, to reach this conclusion. However, there is nothing in international law that prohibits successful secession as the cases of Eritrea and Kosovo, among others, illustrate. Nevertheless, either the secession must be won in war or accepted peacefully by the original mother state. Neither has occurred in the case of the Kurds. Remedial secession and internal self-determination also offer more flexible interpretations of the applicability of self-determination, but do not constitute international law or detract in any way from the conclusion that territorial integrity takes precedence over self-determination. Thus, international law only plays a secondary role in attempts to solve the Kurdish predicament. Traditional power politics remains the primary solution to the Kurdish predicament. However, by successfully building rudimentary state institutions, the KRG has managed to stake a claim to autonomy and even nascent statehood.","PeriodicalId":516563,"journal":{"name":"The Maghreb Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1353/tmr.2024.a915900
M. Monshipouri, Reza Mohajer
ABSTRACT:The traditional notion of national security, primarily concerned with accumulating military power and technological prowess, is likely to lose its traction in the face of emerging security threats caused by water scarcity, food insecurity, rising temperatures, frequent floods, sandstorms, rising sea levels, and declining precipitation throughout the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This essay's overarching question is: will climate change lead to more generalized violence rooted in structural inequities and unequal power relations, and hence human rights abuses? We argue that climate change has the potential to destabilize the region by creating the conditions for conflict given the deteriorating climatic conditions. The case for reconsidering how to tackle climate threats, while also integrating socio-economic and environmental approaches into climate governance, could not be more urgent. We argue that the traditional tools of promoting state security cannot withstand the widespread and cross-cutting challenges that climate change poses to the survival, livelihoods, and dignity of the people.
{"title":"Climate Change and the Potential for Conflict in the Middle East: Emerging Threats to Security and Human Rights","authors":"M. Monshipouri, Reza Mohajer","doi":"10.1353/tmr.2024.a915900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tmr.2024.a915900","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The traditional notion of national security, primarily concerned with accumulating military power and technological prowess, is likely to lose its traction in the face of emerging security threats caused by water scarcity, food insecurity, rising temperatures, frequent floods, sandstorms, rising sea levels, and declining precipitation throughout the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This essay's overarching question is: will climate change lead to more generalized violence rooted in structural inequities and unequal power relations, and hence human rights abuses? We argue that climate change has the potential to destabilize the region by creating the conditions for conflict given the deteriorating climatic conditions. The case for reconsidering how to tackle climate threats, while also integrating socio-economic and environmental approaches into climate governance, could not be more urgent. We argue that the traditional tools of promoting state security cannot withstand the widespread and cross-cutting challenges that climate change poses to the survival, livelihoods, and dignity of the people.","PeriodicalId":516563,"journal":{"name":"The Maghreb Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1353/tmr.2024.a915898
A. Farouk
{"title":"Histoire du Sucre Marocain: De La Méditerranée à L'atlantique (XIe–XVIIe siècles), Nouvelles Sources by Souad El Yamani et Bernard Rosenberger (review)","authors":"A. Farouk","doi":"10.1353/tmr.2024.a915898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tmr.2024.a915898","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516563,"journal":{"name":"The Maghreb Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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