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Relationship between higher estrus-associated temperatures and the bovine preovulatory follicular fluid metabolome 高发情相关温度与牛排卵前卵泡液代谢组之间的关系
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1241033
Abigayle B. Pollock, Sarah E. Moorey, Emma A. Hessock, Jessica L. Klabnik, Rebecca R. Payton, F. Neal Schrick, Shawn R. Campagna, J. Lannett Edwards
Introduction A higher estrus-associated temperature (HEAT) is a hallmark feature in sexually active females; however, its functional importance is unclear. Our objective was to examine the relationship between HEAT and the preovulatory follicular fluid metabolome. It was hypothesized that HEAT is functionally important as it affects fertility-related components in the preovulatory follicle. Methods Estrus was synchronized in non-lactating Jersey cows. A Thermochron iButton temperature data logger was affixed to blank controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices and intravaginally inserted after CIDR device removal. The follicular fluid was aspirated 14.9 h + 3.3 h after an animal first stood to be mounted. Regression models were performed using metabolite abundance and HEAT variables. Best-fit models were determined using backward manual selection ( p < 0.05). Results A total of 86 metabolites were identified in cow follicular fluid samples. The vaginal temperature at first mount and when it was expressed as a change from baseline was positively related to the abundance of four metabolites (i.e., taurine, sn -glycerol 3-phosphate, glycine, and cysteine) and negatively related to one metabolite (i.e., serine). The vaginal temperature at the first standing mount was related to the differential abundance of two metabolites (i.e., jasmonate and N -carbamoyl-L-aspartate). Three metabolites were related to the maximum vaginal temperature (i.e., N -carbamoyl-L-aspartate, uracil, and glycodeoxycholate). When expressed as a change from baseline, the maximum vaginal temperature was related to the differential abundances of uracil, uric acid, and 6-phospho-D-gluconate. The time taken to reach maximum vaginal temperature was related to N -carbamoyl-L-aspartate, glycodeoxycholate, jasmonate, and tricarballylic acid. Pertaining to the combination of HEAT and its duration, the area under the curve associated with the time between the first increase in vaginal temperature and the maximum vaginal temperature was related to 6-phospho-D-gluconate, sulfolactate, guanidoacetic acid, and aspartate. The area under the curve associated with the time between the initial vaginal temperature increase and up to 10 h after a cow first stood to be mounted or when a cow’s temperature returned to baseline was related to the differential abundances of uracil, sn -glycerol 3-phosphate, methionine sulfoxide, and taurodeoxycholate. Discussion Our findings support the notion that HEAT is related to changes in the preovulatory follicular fluid metabolites involved in energy metabolism, thermoregulation, and oxidative stress management.
较高的发情相关温度(HEAT)是性活跃女性的一个标志性特征;然而,其功能重要性尚不清楚。我们的目的是研究HEAT和排卵前卵泡液代谢组之间的关系。据推测,HEAT在功能上很重要,因为它影响排卵前卵泡中与生育有关的成分。方法对非泌乳泽西奶牛进行同步发情。将Thermochron iButton温度数据记录仪贴在空白控制内药物释放(CIDR)装置上,取出CIDR装置后经阴道插入。在动物首次站立后14.9 h + 3.3 h抽吸卵泡液。使用代谢物丰度和HEAT变量建立回归模型。使用反向手动选择确定最适合的模型(p <0.05)。结果在奶牛卵泡液中鉴定出86种代谢物。阴道温度首次升高和从基线开始变化时,与四种代谢物(即牛磺酸、甘油3-磷酸、甘氨酸和半胱氨酸)丰度呈正相关,与一种代谢物(即丝氨酸)负相关。首次站立时阴道温度与两种代谢物(茉莉酸盐和N -氨基甲酰- l-天冬氨酸)丰度的差异有关。三种代谢物与阴道最高温度相关(N -氨甲酰- l-天冬氨酸、尿嘧啶和糖脱氧胆酸)。当以基线变化表示时,阴道最高温度与尿嘧啶、尿酸和6-磷酸- d -葡萄糖酸盐丰度的差异有关。达到阴道最高温度所需的时间与N -氨甲酰- l-天冬氨酸、糖脱氧胆酸、茉莉酸和三羧酸有关。关于HEAT及其持续时间的组合,与阴道温度首次升高到阴道最高温度之间的时间相关的曲线下面积与6-磷酸- d -葡萄糖酸盐、磺酸盐、胍乙酸和天冬氨酸有关。曲线下的面积与阴道初始温度升高到奶牛第一次站起来后10小时或奶牛体温恢复到基线之间的时间有关,这与尿嘧啶、3-磷酸甘油酯、蛋氨酸亚砜和牛磺酸脱氧胆酸盐的丰度差异有关。我们的研究结果支持这样的观点,即HEAT与参与能量代谢、体温调节和氧化应激管理的排卵前卵泡液代谢物的变化有关。
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引用次数: 0
Health effects of ruminant trans fatty acids with emphasis on type 2 diabetes 反刍动物反式脂肪酸对健康的影响,重点是2型糖尿病
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1278966
Yanqing Xu, Michael E. R. Dugan, Cletos Mapiye, Payam Vahmani
Recent government bans on industrial trans fatty acids (TFA) in developed countries has left naturally occurring TFA from ruminant products (e.g., dairy, beef, and lamb) as the sole source of TFA in the food supply. In contrast to industrial TFA, which have undisputed adverse health effects, ruminant TFA such as trans vaccenic acid (TVA; trans11-18:1), rumenic acid (RA; cis9, trans11-18:2) and trans palmitoleic acid (TPA; trans9-16:1) have been associated with reduced risk for some diseases such as type 2 diabetes. The present review summarizes the findings from observational, animal and human studies investigating the effects of ruminant TFA on metabolic parameters related to type 2 diabetes, and provides an update on the current knowledge of their biosynthesis, intake and factors affecting their concentrations in ruminant derived foods. Overall, observational studies and a small number of animal studies suggest that ruminant TFA may be protective against type 2 diabetes, whereas the same benefits have not been observed in other animal studies or in human clinical trials. Additional clinical and mechanistic studies are needed to better understand the isomer-specific effects of ruminant TFA. Until then, production practices resulting in increased levels of this group of fatty acids in ruminant milk and meat should be carefully reconsidered.
最近发达国家政府对工业反式脂肪酸(TFA)的禁令使得反刍动物产品(如乳制品、牛肉和羊肉)中自然产生的TFA成为食品供应中TFA的唯一来源。工业TFA对健康有无可争议的不利影响,反刍动物TFA如反式异丙酸(TVA;trans - 11-18:1),瘤胃酸(RA;顺式9,trans11-18:2)和反式棕榈油酸(TPA;Trans9-16:1)与降低2型糖尿病等疾病的风险有关。本综述总结了反刍动物TFA对2型糖尿病相关代谢参数影响的观察性、动物和人类研究的结果,并提供了其生物合成、摄入量和影响其在反刍动物衍生食品中浓度的因素的最新知识。总的来说,观察性研究和少量动物研究表明,反刍动物TFA可能对2型糖尿病有保护作用,而在其他动物研究或人类临床试验中尚未观察到同样的益处。需要更多的临床和机理研究来更好地了解反刍动物TFA的异构体特异性作用。在此之前,应仔细重新考虑导致反刍动物奶和肉中这类脂肪酸含量增加的生产实践。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between wool cortisol, wool quality indices of Australian Merino rams and climatic variables in Tasmania 澳大利亚美利奴公羊羊毛皮质醇、羊毛品质指标与塔斯马尼亚气候变量的关系
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1234343
Troy Cobb, Georgia-Constantina Hantzopoulou, Edward Narayan
Introduction Australia is the world’s largest producer and exporter of fine wool. External factors (i.e., non-genetic) that affect wool phenotype need to be identified and managed to minimize any negative effects on wool quality. Climatic stress is one external event that can affect wool phenotype, other stressors include shearing, nutrition, disease, pregnancy, and lambing. This study focuses on the relationship between Saxon Merino ram wool phenotype and wool cortisol. The hypotheses had two parts (i) wool cortisol levels would vary seasonally and variations would correlate with wool phenotype (ii) that these seasonal variations would also correlate with thermal indices. Methods Cortisol levels in Saxon Merino ram wool samples were determined using a cortisol enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) using polyclonal cortisol antibody. The wool cortisol results were correlated for significance with thermal indices including Temperature Humidity Index [THI] and Chill Index [CI] obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Results Part 1 of hypothesis one was supported with wool cortisol showing significant seasonal variation. Part 2 of hypothesis 1 was not supported, with no statistically significant causality present between total wool cortisol levels and the price index of Saxon Merino ram wool. However, there was significant causality between wool cortisol and coarse edge measurement (CEM) of wool. Hypothesis 2, the proposal that thermal indices would impact on wool cortisol was also not supported. Discussion It can be concluded that although conclusive causality between total wool cortisol and wool phenotype quality could not be ascertained, there were indirect effects of cortisol levels on wool phenotypes with significant effects on the CEM. The CEM of Merino Saxon ram wool can be manipulated by assessing and managing cortisol levels during the growth cycles of Merino wool, through appropriate nutrition and husbandry procedures stress could be managed.
澳大利亚是世界上最大的细羊毛生产国和出口国。需要识别和管理影响羊毛表型的外部因素(即非遗传因素),以尽量减少对羊毛质量的负面影响。气候压力是影响羊毛表型的一个外部因素,其他压力因素包括剪羊毛、营养、疾病、怀孕和产羔。本研究的重点是撒克逊美利奴公羊羊毛表型与羊毛皮质醇的关系。假设有两部分(i)羊毛皮质醇水平会随季节变化,变化将与羊毛表型相关(ii)这些季节变化也与热指数相关。方法采用多克隆皮质醇抗体,采用皮质醇酶免疫分析法(EIA)检测萨克逊美利奴羊羊毛样品的皮质醇水平。羊毛皮质醇结果与澳大利亚气象局获得的温度湿度指数(THI)和寒冷指数(CI)等热指数具有显著性相关。结果羊毛皮质醇具有显著的季节变化,支持假设一的第一部分。假设1的第二部分不被支持,羊毛总皮质醇水平与撒克逊美利奴羊羊毛价格指数之间不存在统计学上显著的因果关系。然而,羊毛皮质醇与羊毛粗边测量(CEM)之间存在显著的因果关系。假设2,热指数对羊毛皮质醇的影响也不被支持。综上所述,虽然总羊毛皮质醇与羊毛表型质量之间的决定性因果关系无法确定,但皮质醇水平对羊毛表型有间接影响,对CEM有显著影响。通过对美利奴羊毛生长周期皮质醇水平的评估和管理,可以控制美利奴撒克逊公羊毛的CEM,通过适当的营养和饲养程序可以控制应激。
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引用次数: 0
Recording group and area-specific activity of fattening pigs by using Passive Infrared Detectors on farm 利用被动红外探测器在猪场记录育肥猪的群体活性和区域活性
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1279086
Esther Wurm, Naemi von Jasmund, Inga Tiemann, Kathrin Schulze Rötering, Wolfgang Büscher
Animal activity in pigs can be a direct indicator of animal welfare. Passive infrared detectors (PID) provide one method of measuring animal activity on the pen level as a cost-effective and easy-to-use sensor technique. The study aimed to test PIDs on different commercial farms with fattening pigs. On each farm, a focus pen was selected and group activity, and activity in the feeding and exploration area was measured by using three PIDs. For data evaluation, three continuous 24h time periods were selected for each farm. Additionally, animal behavior was recorded by video cameras for visual scan sampling. To compare the PID outcome with the recorded behaviors, an ethogram was used to categorize active and inactive behaviors. Using scan sampling, the validation of the PID data was based on still frames at 10 min intervals. In addition, barn climate such as temperature, relative humidity, and ammonia concentration were measured. The analysis of seven farms showed a strong correlation between PID data and visual assessment for group activity from 0.67 - 0.91 (p &lt; 0.001; n = 432). For the activity in the feeding area, medium to strong correlations between 0.44 - 0.65 (p &lt; 0.001; n = 327) could be found. The PID data for the exploration area reached correlations with a smaller effect strength. Based on the activity data measured by PIDs, a typical diurnal rhythm for pigs could be found for all farms. Moreover, the PID data indicated different activity patterns depending on, e.g., feeding times and sex group composition. The results demonstrated that PIDs can also be used in different housing conditions for measuring animal activity. In combination with barn climate data, the PIDs can provide useful information for the farmer and also characterize farm-specific management.
猪的动物活动可以作为动物福利的直接指标。被动红外探测器(PID)提供了一种在笔水平上测量动物活动的方法,是一种成本效益高且易于使用的传感器技术。这项研究的目的是在不同的育肥猪商业农场测试pid。在每个猪场选择1只焦点猪圈进行群体活动,采用3个pid测量饲喂区和探索区活动。为了对数据进行评估,每个农场选择三个连续的24h时间段。此外,用摄像机记录动物行为,进行视觉扫描取样。为了将PID结果与记录的行为进行比较,使用心电图对活动和不活动行为进行分类。使用扫描采样,PID数据的验证是基于静止帧每10分钟的间隔。此外,还测量了粮仓温度、相对湿度、氨浓度等气候参数。对七个养殖场的分析显示,PID数据与群体活动的视觉评估之间的相关性在0.67 - 0.91之间(p <0.001;N = 432)。对于饲养区的活动,在0.44 - 0.65 (p <0.001;N = 327)。勘探区PID数据达到相关性,但效应强度较小。基于pid测量的活动数据,所有猪场的猪都有一个典型的日节律。此外,PID数据显示不同的活动模式取决于喂养时间和性别组组成。结果表明,pid也可以在不同的饲养条件下用于测量动物的活动。结合谷仓气候数据,pid可以为农民提供有用的信息,也可以描述农场的具体管理。
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引用次数: 0
Milled rapeseeds and oats decrease milk saturated fatty acids and ruminal methane emissions in dairy cows without changes in product sensory quality 经碾磨的油菜籽和燕麦可减少奶牛乳中饱和脂肪酸和瘤胃甲烷排放,但不改变产品感官质量
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1278495
Anni Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau, Seija Jaakkola, Tuomo Kokkonen, Anu M. Turpeinen, D. Ian Givens, Aila Vanhatalo
Plant lipids in the diet are known to modify milk fatty acid (FA) composition and mitigate ruminal methane emissions. The objective of the present work was to examine the potential of milled rapeseeds and oats to decrease both milk saturated FAs and ruminal methane emissions in practical farm settings. In the pilot study, six Finnish Ayrshire cows were fed a control diet for 3 weeks, which was then followed by a lipid-rich test diet for 3 weeks. The experimental diets were based on grass silage supplemented with barley and rapeseed meals in the control diet and with oats and milled rapeseeds in the test diet. The lipid inclusion rate was 55 g/kg dry matter (DM). In the main study, the whole Finnish Ayrshire research herd in milk ( n = 49–59) was used in a switch-back-designed study. The cows were fed a control diet for 3 weeks, then a test diet for 4 weeks, and, finally, a control diet for 3 weeks. The diets were the same as in the pilot study except for a lower lipid inclusion level of 50 g/kg DM. The test diet decreased DM intake by 15% and energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield by 13% in the pilot study. The adjustment of supplemental lipids from 55 g/kg to 50 g/kg DM was successful, as the DM intake decreased only by 4% relative to the control diet in the main study. Furthermore, the yields of milk, lactose, protein, and fat were also unaffected by dietary lipids in the main study. The milk fat composition was significantly altered in both studies. The milk fat saturated FAs were decreased by 16%–20% in the test diet, mainly due to the de novo FAs of 6- to 16-carbons (a reduction of 22%–48%). Milk fat cis -9 18:1 was increased by 63%–78% in the test diet relative to the control. Dairy products’ (milk, butter, and cheese) organoleptic quality was not compromised by the modified lipid profile. Ruminal methane and hydrogen intensities ( n = 23; g or mg/kg ECM) were 20% and 39% lower, respectively, in the test diet than in the control diet. This reduction can be attributed to a lower amount of organic matter fermented in the rumen, as indicated by the lower DM intake and nutrient digestibility.
已知日粮中的植物脂可以改变牛奶脂肪酸(FA)组成并减少瘤胃甲烷排放。本研究的目的是研究碾磨油菜籽和燕麦在实际农场环境中减少牛奶饱和脂肪酸和瘤胃甲烷排放的潜力。在试验研究中,6头芬兰艾尔郡奶牛先饲喂3周的对照饲粮,然后饲喂3周的富脂试验饲粮。试验饲粮以草青贮为基础,对照组饲粮中添加大麦和油菜籽粕,试验饲粮中添加燕麦和油菜籽粉。脂包率为55 g/kg干物质(DM)。在主要研究中,整个芬兰艾尔郡的研究牛群(n = 49-59)被用于切换设计的研究。先饲喂3周对照日粮,再饲喂4周试验日粮,最后饲喂3周对照日粮。试验饲粮中脂肪含量降低至50 g/kg DM,与试验饲粮相同。试验饲粮使试验饲粮中DM摄入量降低15%,能量校正乳产量降低13%。补充脂质从55 g/kg调整到50 g/kg DM是成功的,因为在主要研究中,DM摄入量相对于对照饮食仅下降了4%。此外,在主要研究中,牛奶、乳糖、蛋白质和脂肪的产量也不受膳食脂质的影响。在两项研究中,乳脂成分都发生了显著变化。乳脂肪饱和脂肪酸在试验日粮中减少了16%-20%,主要是由于6- 16碳的新生脂肪酸(减少了22%-48%)。试验饲粮中乳脂cis -9 18:1较对照组提高63% ~ 78%。乳制品(牛奶、黄油和奶酪)的感官质量不受脂质谱改变的影响。瘤胃甲烷和氢强度(n = 23;g或mg/kg ECM)分别比对照日粮低20%和39%。这种降低可归因于瘤胃中发酵的有机物量减少,这可以从较低的干物质摄入量和营养物质消化率中看出。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing short-term economic consequences of cow-calf contact systems in dairy production using a stochastic partial budgeting approach 使用随机部分预算方法评估奶牛-小牛接触系统在乳制品生产中的短期经济后果
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1197327
Karin Alvåsen, Marie J. Haskell, Silvia Ivemeyer, Hanna Eriksson, Kathryn Bicknell, Nils Fall, Haseeb Ahmed
Introduction While early separation of dairy calves after birth has been debated from an ethical and animal welfare lens, the economic evidence surrounding alternative cow-calf contact (CCC) systems is scarce. Methods To address this knowledge gap, we assessed the economic consequences of CCC systems using data from the Agriwise database as well as parameters from published literature in a stochastic partial budget model. The implementation of CCC is very diverse between farms, so in our study we therefore selected a limited number of CCC systems to assess. The examined CCC systems were: (i) dam rearing with limited contact at milking (15 minutes twice a day for 115 days) with no manual milk feeding; (ii) dam rearing with 21-day full contact, after which calves are manually fed 8 kg of whole milk for 94 days; and (iii) mixed calf rearing with using both dams and foster cows with full contact; calves are initially kept with their dams and then moved to foster cows at 9 days of age. Results We found that adoption of CCC systems was associated with decreases in contribution margins in the range of 1 to 5.4%, as compared to a rearing system where the calves were separated from their dams after one day and were manually fed 8 kg of milk for 12 weeks. These results illustrated that the costs associated with CCC systems may be fairly high under certain circumstances and may prohibit farmers from adopting this practice. Sensitivity analysis suggested that differences in milk sales, assumptions on changes in labor requirements, and changes in daily calf weight gain depending on CCC system were the main variables that governed the net impact on the contribution margins. Discussion We did not include building costs in the analyses assuming that barn structures may not change in the short-term. The study focused only on short-term pecuniary associations between changes in CCC systems and contribution margins. To strengthen the economic decision-making around CCC systems, future research should consider non-monetary impacts of different CCC systems, as well as long-term economic impacts of these production strategies.
虽然从伦理和动物福利的角度来看,奶牛出生后早期分离一直存在争议,但围绕替代牛-小牛接触(CCC)系统的经济证据很少。为了解决这一知识差距,我们使用Agriwise数据库的数据以及随机部分预算模型中已发表文献的参数来评估CCC系统的经济后果。不同农场的CCC实施情况非常不同,因此在我们的研究中,我们选择了有限数量的CCC系统进行评估。研究的CCC系统是:(i)在挤奶时进行有限接触的水坝饲养(每天两次,每次15分钟,持续115天),没有人工喂奶;(ii)全接触坝育21天,人工饲喂8公斤全脂奶94天;(三)混合犊牛饲养,既使用母牛,也使用全接触的养牛;小牛最初和它们的母牛一起饲养,然后在9日龄时转移到寄养牛那里。结果我们发现,与饲养系统相比,采用CCC系统的贡献边际降低了1%至5.4%,在饲养系统中,小牛在一天后与它们的坝分开,并在12周内人工喂养8公斤牛奶。这些结果表明,在某些情况下,与CCC系统相关的成本可能相当高,可能会阻止农民采用这种做法。敏感性分析表明,牛奶销售的差异、对劳动力需求变化的假设以及犊牛日增重的变化取决于CCC系统,这是影响贡献边际净影响的主要变量。假设谷仓结构在短期内不会改变,我们在分析中没有包括建筑成本。该研究仅关注CCC系统变化与贡献边际之间的短期金钱关联。为了加强围绕CCC系统的经济决策,未来的研究应考虑不同CCC系统的非货币影响,以及这些生产策略的长期经济影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of the inclusion of rumen-protected amino acids in the diet of growing beef cattle on animal performance and meat quality 生长肉牛日粮中添加保护瘤胃氨基酸对动物生产性能和肉品质的影响
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1269775
Almudena Cabezas, Jesús De la Fuente, María Teresa Díaz, Rubén Bermejo-Poza, Diego Martínez del Olmo, Javier Mateos, Nuria Llanes, Vicente Jimeno
Introduction This study investigated the impact of rumen-protected amino acids on beef cattle's growth, fattening performance, and meat quality. Methods Two groups of 40 Montbeliard steers (237.8 ± 30 kg body weight) were housed separately and fed, with mono-tunnel feeders, either a control diet (CON) or a diet containing rumen-protected lysine and methionine with 3% less crude protein (APR). Feed consumption and weight were tracked in all animals, and meat quality analysis focused on the longissimus muscle, with 10 steers randomly selected from each treatment. Results and discussion Results for overall performance revealed no significant differences in body weight, average daily gain (ADG), and concentrate conversion ratio between the CON and APR diets (p &gt; 0.05). However, during the final 90 days of the trial, the APR group showed significantly higher ADG (p &lt; 0.05) than the CON group, while the concentrate conversion ratio was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) in the CON group compared to the APR group. The hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, and carcass conformation did not differ significantly between the CON and APR diets (p &gt; 0.05). There was a slight tendency (p = 0.06) for higher fatness score in the CON group. Regarding meat composition, the diet did not significantly affect proximate composition, but a tendency (p = 0.059) for higher crude protein content in APR cattle's meat compared to the CON group was observed. The APR meat showed slightly lower levels of C17:1 (0.56% vs. 0.72%) and C18:1n9 (31.7% vs. 34%). There was a tendency for C14:0 to be lower (P = 0.07), and for C16:0, C18:2 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to be greater in meat from cattle fed APR compared to CON. However, meat quality attributes like pH, water-holding capacity, color, and texture were similar in both CON and APR groups (p &gt; 0.05). The findings indicate that utilizing rumen-protected amino acids enables formulating diets with reduced crude protein levels while enhancing nitrogen utilization efficiency for protein synthesis in intensively reared steers. Importantly, these dietary improvements do not adversely affect meat quality.
本研究旨在探讨瘤胃保护氨基酸对肉牛生长、增肥性能和肉品质的影响。方法选取体重为237.8±30 kg的蒙白阉牛40头,采用单隧道饲养,分别饲喂对照饲粮(CON)和含保护瘤胃赖氨酸和蛋氨酸的饲粮(APR降低3%)。跟踪所有动物的饲料消耗和体重,并重点分析最长肌的肉质,从每个处理中随机选择10头阉牛。结果和讨论综合性能结果显示,CON和APR饲粮在体重、平均日增重(ADG)和精料转化率(p >0.05)。然而,在试验的最后90天,APR组的平均日增重(p <0.05),精料转化率显著高于对照组(p <CON组与APR组比较,差异无统计学意义(0.05)。CON和APR饲粮的热胴体重、屠宰率和胴体构象无显著差异(p >0.05)。CON组肥胖评分有轻微升高的趋势(p = 0.06)。在肉类成分方面,饲粮对APR牛的近似组成没有显著影响,但与CON组相比,APR牛的粗蛋白质含量有提高的趋势(p = 0.059)。APR肉品C17:1(0.56%比0.72%)和C18:1n9(31.7%比34%)含量略低。饲料中C14:0含量有较低的趋势(P = 0.07),饲料中C16:0、C18:2和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量有较高的趋势。然而,饲料中pH值、保水能力、颜色和质地等肉质属性在饲料中与饲料中相似(P >0.05)。由此可见,在集约饲养的肉牛中,利用保护瘤胃的氨基酸可以降低饲粮的粗蛋白质水平,同时提高蛋白质合成中氮的利用效率。重要的是,这些饮食的改善不会对肉质产生不利影响。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of teff (Eragrostis tef) hay inclusion on feed intake, digestibility, and milk production in dairy cows teff干草包埋对奶牛采食量、消化率和产奶量的影响
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1260787
Philip Wagali, Godliver Ngomuo, Justine Kilama, Chris Sabastian, Shiran Ben-Zeev, Yehoshav A. Ben-Meir, Nurit Argov-Argaman, Yehoshua Saranga, Sameer J. Mabjeesh
Teff ( Eragrostis tef ) is a drought-tolerant, multi-harvest, high-quality summer forage crop. We conducted a study aiming at assessing the effect of replacing wheat hay with teff hay in diets on the feed intake, digestibility, and lactational performance of dairy cows. Thirty-four multiparous (≥3rd parity) Israeli Holstein Friesian dairy cows averaging (± SD) 182 days in milk ± 8 days in milk, 45 kg/d ± 4.8 kg/d of milk yield, and a body weight of 647.1 kg ± 51 kg at the beginning of the study were recruited to a 6-week feeding trial. Cows were randomly divided into two balanced groups based on parity, days in milk, and milk yield. Cows were subjected to two low-roughage dietary treatments (~30% roughage): a control wheat hay-based diet and a teff hay-based diet. Production performances, dry matter intake, and nutrient digestibility were measured. Milk samples were analyzed for their composition and fatty acids profile. Blood samples were used to measure metabolite concentrations. The statistical model included fixed effects of dietary treatments, time, and random effects of cows nested in treatment. Production data and feed intake were analyzed as repeated measures using a covariance structure. Dietary treatments did not affect dry matter intake (26 kg/d). However, the teff-fed cows demonstrated higher crude protein digestibility than control cows (61.9% vs. 59.2%). Dietary teff inclusion increased milk yield by 1.5 kg/d. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids profiles in milk were greater in the teff cows than in the control cows (4.77 g/100 g vs. 4.36 g/100 g and 3.71 g/100 g vs. 3.43 g/100 g, respectively). Non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations in circulation were higher in the control group than in the teff group. The acetic-to-propionic-acid ratio in the rumen fluid was higher in control cows than in teff cows (2.90 vs. 2.43). However, the ruminal ammonia-N concentration was higher in the teff cows than in the control cows (18.5 mg/dL vs. 15.8 mg/dL). In conclusion, teff hay inclusion in the rations of high-producing dairy cows increased milk yield, which could be attributed to improved crude protein digestibility and energy partition to production.
苔草(Eragrostis tef)是一种耐旱、多收、优质的夏季饲料作物。本研究旨在评估饲粮中用苔草干草替代小麦干草对奶牛采食量、消化率和泌乳性能的影响。选取34头产犊(≥3胎次)平均(±SD)泌乳182天±8天、产奶量45 kg/d±4.8 kg/d、体重647.1 kg±51 kg的以色列荷斯坦弗里西亚奶牛,进行为期6周的饲养试验。奶牛按胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量随机分为两组。饲喂两种低粗饲料处理(~30%粗饲料):对照小麦干草饲粮和苔草干草饲粮。测定生产性能、干物质采食量和营养物质消化率。对牛奶样品的组成和脂肪酸谱进行了分析。血液样本被用来测量代谢物浓度。统计模型包括饲粮处理的固定效应、时间效应和在处理中筑巢的奶牛的随机效应。采用协方差结构对生产数据和采食量进行重复测量分析。饲粮处理不影响干物质采食量(26 kg/d)。然而,teff奶牛的粗蛋白质消化率高于对照奶牛(61.9% vs. 59.2%)。饲粮中添加苔麸可提高产奶量1.5 kg/d。乳中多不饱和脂肪酸和omega-3脂肪酸含量在苔麸奶牛中高于对照奶牛(分别为4.77 g/100 g vs. 4.36 g/100 g和3.71 g/100 g vs. 3.43 g/100 g)。非酯化脂肪酸、β -羟基丁酸和血液循环尿素氮浓度在对照组高于teff组。对照奶牛瘤胃液乙酸/丙酸比高于苔麸奶牛(2.90比2.43)。但瘤胃氨氮浓度(18.5 mg/dL)高于对照(15.8 mg/dL)。综上所述,高产奶牛饲粮中添加苔草干草可提高产奶量,其原因可能是提高了粗蛋白质消化率和生产能量分配。
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引用次数: 0
One health implications of fur farming 皮毛养殖对健康的影响之一
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1249901
Clifford Warwick, Anthony Pilny, Catrina Steedman, Rachel Grant
Fur farming involves the captive-breeding, rearing, and killing of between 85 – 100 million animals annually for their pelts. The purpose of this report is to summarise key areas of significance and concern regarding fur farming, and discuss these matters and their one-health considerations. We conducted primary literature searches using Google Scholar and PubMed that focused on issues of animal welfare, zoonoses and public health, and environmental impacts of fur farming, and examined 280 reports. We identified that at least 15 species are farmed for fur across at least 19 countries. We found 16 categories of animal welfare concern (e.g., deprivation, stress, abnormal behaviours, insanitary conditions, forced obesity, and high morbidity and mortality), 18 reported endemic pathogens and diseases with confirmed or potential zoonotic and cross-species implications (e.g., bacterial n = 6, viral n = 5, and parasitic n = 7), and four main categories of environmental concern (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, invasive alien species, toxic chemicals, and eutrophication) associated with fur farming. Despite numerous efforts to systematically monitor and control animal welfare at fur farms, practices continue to fail to meet normal scientific principles and models used in other animal welfare situations. In our view, limited available data does not currently indicate that fur farms are major sources of zoonotic epidemics and pandemics. The environmental problems caused by fur farming are significant, and relate mainly to invasive species, toxic chemical release and eutrophication of water bodies. We offer some recommendations for monitoring and controlling particular fur farming practices, in line with many governments and other investigators we conclude that inherent problems are essentially unresolvable and advocate complete prohibitions on the sector.
皮草养殖业包括每年圈养、饲养和捕杀8500 - 1亿只动物以获取皮毛。本报告的目的是总结皮毛养殖的重要和关注的关键领域,并讨论这些问题及其对健康的考虑。我们使用Google Scholar和PubMed进行了主要文献检索,重点关注动物福利、人畜共患病和公共卫生以及毛皮养殖对环境的影响等问题,并检查了280份报告。我们发现,在至少19个国家中,至少有15种动物被用于皮毛养殖。我们发现了16类动物福利问题(例如,剥夺、压力、异常行为、不卫生条件、强迫肥胖和高发病率和死亡率),18类报告的地方性病原体和疾病已证实或潜在的人畜共患病和跨物种影响(例如,细菌n = 6,病毒n = 5,寄生虫n = 7),以及4类主要的环境问题(例如,温室气体排放、外来入侵物种、有毒化学物质、动物和动物)。以及与毛皮养殖有关的富营养化。尽管在毛皮农场系统地监测和控制动物福利方面做出了许多努力,但做法仍然不符合其他动物福利情况中使用的正常科学原则和模型。我们认为,目前有限的现有数据并不能表明毛皮养殖场是人畜共患流行病和流行病的主要来源。毛皮养殖造成的环境问题十分严重,主要与物种入侵、有毒化学物质释放和水体富营养化有关。我们提供了一些建议,以监测和控制特定的毛皮养殖实践,与许多政府和其他调查人员一致,我们得出的结论是,固有的问题本质上是无法解决的,并主张完全禁止该部门。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring undergraduate students’ perceptions of food animal production and their sense of belonging in an introductory animal science course 在动物科学入门课程中探讨本科生对食品动物生产的看法及其归属感
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1268719
Paxton Sullivan, Colton Smith, Erica Machuca, Abigail Figan, Sage Mijares, Noa Roman-Muniz, Catie Cramer, Jason Ahola, Lorann Stallones, Lily Edwards-Callaway
New animal science undergraduates are further removed from agriculture than ever before, many coming from non-agricultural backgrounds lacking experience with food animals. In addition to beginning a degree program in which they have little experience, undergraduates face unique challenges during their transition to college, which could impact retention and success in their chosen major. The focal course, Food Animal Science: ANEQ 101, is an introductory animal science course composed primarily of first year animal science students. This course utilized experiential learning by implementing laboratories with dairy calves providing hands-on experience. Pre- and post-surveys were developed to assess students’ perceptions of food animal production, welfare, and sense of belonging in the Animal Science major at the beginning and end of this course that was characterized by hands-on opportunities; quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on 114 paired survey responses. Respondents were mostly female (79%, n = 91), white (80.7%, n = 92), and from non-agricultural backgrounds (83.3%, n = 95). Despite only half (51.8%, n = 59) of respondents indicating that they had experience with food animals, most respondents indicated that they agreed being comfortable with food animal production (96.5%, n = 110) and working with food animals (95.6%; n = 109); agreement with these statements was similar in the post-survey ( P &gt; 0.05). More students agreed with the statement “In the United States, food animals are raised with an acceptable level of animal welfare” ( P = 0.016) in the post-survey as compared with the pre-survey. In the pre- and post-survey, questions related to belonging garnered positive responses, consequently, there was no evidence that students’ sense of belonging in the major was altered during the course. Two free-response questions asked respondents to comment on their sense of belonging in the major. Thematic analysis of these answers identified themes related to belonging, including Learning and Curriculum, Career Goals and Aspirations, Passion for Working with Animals, Self-Assurance, and Community and Classroom Environment. The majority of students had positive views about production and their sense of belonging within the major highlighting the value of integrating experiential learning opportunities for students studying animal science.
新的动物科学本科生比以往任何时候都远离农业,许多来自非农业背景,缺乏食用动物的经验。除了开始一个他们几乎没有经验的学位课程外,本科生在向大学过渡的过程中还面临着独特的挑战,这可能会影响他们在所选专业的保留和成功。重点课程,食品动物科学:ANEQ 101,是一门动物科学入门课程,主要由动物科学一年级的学生组成。本课程采用体验式学习,通过与奶牛犊牛进行实验,提供实践经验。在课程开始和结束的时候,我们进行了前后调查,以评估学生对动物食品生产、福利和归属感的看法,课程的特点是有实践机会;对114对调查问卷进行了定量和定性分析。受访者主要为女性(79%,n = 91)、白人(80.7%,n = 92)和非农业背景(83.3%,n = 95)。尽管只有一半(51.8%,n = 59)的受访者表示他们有食用动物的经验,但大多数受访者表示他们对食用动物生产(96.5%,n = 110)和与食用动物一起工作(95.6%;N = 109);在调查后,与这些陈述的同意是相似的(P >0.05)。与调查前相比,调查后更多的学生同意“在美国,食用动物被饲养在一个可接受的动物福利水平上”(P = 0.016)。在前后调查中,与归属相关的问题得到了积极的回答,因此,没有证据表明学生的专业归属感在课程中发生了改变。两个自由回答的问题要求受访者评论他们对专业的归属感。对这些答案的主题分析确定了与归属感相关的主题,包括学习和课程、职业目标和抱负、与动物一起工作的热情、自信以及社区和课堂环境。大多数学生对生产和专业归属感持积极态度,突出了动物科学专业学生整合体验式学习机会的价值。
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引用次数: 0
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Frontiers in animal science
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