M. Klepeckas, I. Januškaitienė, I. Vagusevičienė, R. Juknys
This study aims to determine optimal sowing date for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and invoke DSSAT Nwheat model to analyze impact of modified sowing date to phenological development and grain yield. Wheat was grown for three seasons in two locations across Lithuania and sowing was carried out one time per week from 1 September to 29 September. Average three-year temperature of vegetation period gets lower every week by 0.16 °C, and available GDD by 94.5 °C when sowing time is delayed. Modeling results showed that tillering rate is affected by sowing time winter wheat grew 232 (tillers m-2) less with each week of delayed sowing. Grain filling stage was shortened by 1.25 days with each delayed sowing week. Depending on sowing time yield varied from 8.58 t ha-1 to 6 t ha-1 while simulated harvest was 8% lower. We conclude that best winter wheat sowing time for current climatic conditions in Lithuania is mid-September and DSSAT model proves as a useful tool in anticipating sowing time while facing problems caused by a climate change.
本研究旨在确定冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)的最佳播期，并利用DSSAT Nwheat模型分析修改播期对物候发育和籽粒产量的影响。小麦在立陶宛的两个地点种植了三个季节，从9月1日至9月29日每周播种一次。播期推迟后，植被期三年平均气温每周降低0.16℃，有效GDD每周降低94.5℃。模型结果表明，每推迟播种一周，冬小麦分蘖率受播种时间的影响减少232(分蘖m-2)。每延迟播种一周，灌浆期缩短1.25 d。根据播种时间的不同，产量在8.58 ~ 6 t hm -1之间变化，而模拟收成则低8%。我们得出结论，在立陶宛当前气候条件下，最佳的冬小麦播种时间是9月中旬，DSSAT模型被证明是在面临气候变化引起的问题时预测播种时间的有用工具。
{"title":"Effects of different sowing time to phenology and yield of winter wheat","authors":"M. Klepeckas, I. Januškaitienė, I. Vagusevičienė, R. Juknys","doi":"10.23986/AFSCI.90013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/AFSCI.90013","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine optimal sowing date for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and invoke DSSAT Nwheat model to analyze impact of modified sowing date to phenological development and grain yield. Wheat was grown for three seasons in two locations across Lithuania and sowing was carried out one time per week from 1 September to 29 September. Average three-year temperature of vegetation period gets lower every week by 0.16 °C, and available GDD by 94.5 °C when sowing time is delayed. Modeling results showed that tillering rate is affected by sowing time winter wheat grew 232 (tillers m-2) less with each week of delayed sowing. Grain filling stage was shortened by 1.25 days with each delayed sowing week. Depending on sowing time yield varied from 8.58 t ha-1 to 6 t ha-1 while simulated harvest was 8% lower. We conclude that best winter wheat sowing time for current climatic conditions in Lithuania is mid-September and DSSAT model proves as a useful tool in anticipating sowing time while facing problems caused by a climate change.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84462732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to investigate fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, malondialdehyde and cholesterol in conventional and organic eggs obtained from hens of different ages (30 and 60 weeks). A total of 360 egg yolks were used in this study. Polyunsaturated fatty acid, omega-3, and omega-6 levels were higher in the organic eggs from the 30-week-old hens. The monounsaturated fatty acid level was higher in the conventional eggs but was the same between the two age groups. Cholesterol and vitamin A levels were not influenced by either the rearing system or the age of the hens. The malondialdehyde, vitamin D2, and vitamin K2 were higher in the organic eggs; however, vitamin E was higher in the conventional eggs. The results showed that the rearing system and age, as well as the diet, had an impact on the composition of the egg. Total levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid, omega-3, and omega-6 are higher in organic eggs produced by younger hens.
{"title":"Age-related changes in egg yolk composition between conventional and organic table eggs","authors":"Y. Baykalır, U. G. Simsek, Ö. Yılmaz","doi":"10.23986/AFSCI.91704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/AFSCI.91704","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, malondialdehyde and cholesterol in conventional and organic eggs obtained from hens of different ages (30 and 60 weeks). A total of 360 egg yolks were used in this study. Polyunsaturated fatty acid, omega-3, and omega-6 levels were higher in the organic eggs from the 30-week-old hens. The monounsaturated fatty acid level was higher in the conventional eggs but was the same between the two age groups. Cholesterol and vitamin A levels were not influenced by either the rearing system or the age of the hens. The malondialdehyde, vitamin D2, and vitamin K2 were higher in the organic eggs; however, vitamin E was higher in the conventional eggs. The results showed that the rearing system and age, as well as the diet, had an impact on the composition of the egg. Total levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid, omega-3, and omega-6 are higher in organic eggs produced by younger hens.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86606140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rimkus, Viktorija Mačiulytė, E. Stonevičius, D. Valiukas
The objective of this study was to develop the best methodology for determining agricultural droughts in Lithuania. The currently used assessment methods do not always accurately reflect drought conditions in the country, especially in the first half of the growing season. For this purpose, the relevance of the currently used Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) and five drought indices widely used in other countries were reassessed. It was found that the methodologies applied in Lithuania and other countries are not completely suitable under current conditions. A new agricultural drought identification methodology using the Temperature–Precipitation Index (TPI) is proposed as a result of this study. Analysis of long-term changes (1961–2019) in reoccurrence of droughts was carried out. It was determined that the largest number of droughts in Lithuania was recorded in the last decade of the 20th century and in the first decade of the 21st century. Despite the fact that there is a positive tendency in reoccurrence of droughts, the changes are not statistically significant.
{"title":"A revised agricultural drought index in Lithuania","authors":"E. Rimkus, Viktorija Mačiulytė, E. Stonevičius, D. Valiukas","doi":"10.23986/AFSCI.92150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/AFSCI.92150","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to develop the best methodology for determining agricultural droughts in Lithuania. The currently used assessment methods do not always accurately reflect drought conditions in the country, especially in the first half of the growing season. For this purpose, the relevance of the currently used Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) and five drought indices widely used in other countries were reassessed. It was found that the methodologies applied in Lithuania and other countries are not completely suitable under current conditions. A new agricultural drought identification methodology using the Temperature–Precipitation Index (TPI) is proposed as a result of this study. Analysis of long-term changes (1961–2019) in reoccurrence of droughts was carried out. It was determined that the largest number of droughts in Lithuania was recorded in the last decade of the 20th century and in the first decade of the 21st century. Despite the fact that there is a positive tendency in reoccurrence of droughts, the changes are not statistically significant.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74812032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The snp_blup_rel program computes model reliabilities for genomic breeding values. The program assumes a single trait SNP-BLUP model where the breeding value can include a residual polygenic (RPG) effect. The reliability calculation requires elements of the inverse of the mixed model equations (MME). The calculation has three steps: 1) MME calculation, 2) MME coefficient matrix inversion, and 3) reliability computation. When needed, the inverted matrix can be saved after step 2. Step 3 can be used separately to new genotypes which do not contribute information to Step 2. When an RPG effect is included, an approximate method based on Monte Carlo sampling is applied. This reduces the MME matrix size and allows including many genotyped individuals. The program is written in Fortran 90/95, and uses LAPACK subroutines which enable multi-threaded parallel computing. The program is efficient in terms of computing time and memory requirements, and can be used to analyze even large genomic data. Thus, the program can be used in calculating model reliabilities for large national genomic evaluations.
{"title":"Snp_blup_rel: software for calculating individual animal SNP-BLUP model reliabilities","authors":"Hafedh Ben Zaabza, E. Mäntysaari, I. Strandén","doi":"10.23986/AFSCI.95617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/AFSCI.95617","url":null,"abstract":"The snp_blup_rel program computes model reliabilities for genomic breeding values. The program assumes a single trait SNP-BLUP model where the breeding value can include a residual polygenic (RPG) effect. The reliability calculation requires elements of the inverse of the mixed model equations (MME). The calculation has three steps: 1) MME calculation, 2) MME coefficient matrix inversion, and 3) reliability computation. When needed, the inverted matrix can be saved after step 2. Step 3 can be used separately to new genotypes which do not contribute information to Step 2. When an RPG effect is included, an approximate method based on Monte Carlo sampling is applied. This reduces the MME matrix size and allows including many genotyped individuals. The program is written in Fortran 90/95, and uses LAPACK subroutines which enable multi-threaded parallel computing. The program is efficient in terms of computing time and memory requirements, and can be used to analyze even large genomic data. Thus, the program can be used in calculating model reliabilities for large national genomic evaluations.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88197339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Total mixed rations (TMR) based on grass silage (GS), triticale silage (TS), mixture of GS and TS, barley silage (BS) and mixture of GS and BS were fed to fifty Hereford (HF) and fifty Charolais (CH) bulls. The proportion (g kg-1 dry matter [DM]) of the silages in the TMRs were as follows: (1) GS (600); (2) TS (600); (3) GS (300) and TS (300); (4) BS (600); (5) GS (300) and BS (300). Concentrate proportion was 400 g kg-1 DM. According to feed analyses, the GS had 15 and 8% higher metabolizable energy (ME) concentration as well as 51 and 49% higher crude protein (CP) concentration compared to TS and BS, respectively. Average DM intake (DMI) on TS and BS containing diets was higher compared to GS as a sole forage (p=0.001). Compared to the TS based rations the use of BS rations increased daily DMI by 5% (p<0.05). In CH bulls, DMI decreased 0.8 kg d-1when GS partially replaced TS or BS while in HF bulls the use of silage mixtures slightly increased DMI (0.23 kg d-1). The live weight gain (LWG) and carcass gain of the CH bulls were 5 and 26% higher, respectively, compared to the HF bulls. Inclusion of GS in the diet increased LWG and carcass gain with TS but decreased them with BS (interaction p<0.01). The experiment demonstrated lower feeding value of TS compared to BS in the diet of the bulls. Whole crop silage based rations increased DMI compared to GS as a sole forage in the TMR. When GS partially replaced TS or BS, interactions in LWG and carcass gain results demonstrated higher feeding value for BS and lower for TS compared to GS. Feeding treatments had only minor effects on carcass traits of the bulls.
以牧草青贮(GS)、小黑麦青贮(TS)、小黑麦与TS混合、大麦青贮(BS)和大黑麦与小黑麦混合为基础，饲喂50头赫里福德公牛和50头夏来公牛。青贮在tmr中的比例(g kg-1干物质[DM])为:(1)GS (600);(2) 600元;(3) GS(300)和TS (300);(4) bs (600)(5) GS(300)和BS(300)。精料比例为400 g kg-1 DM。饲料分析表明，与TS和BS相比，GS的代谢能(ME)浓度分别提高15%和8%，粗蛋白质(CP)浓度分别提高51%和49%。TS和BS饲粮的平均干物质采食量(DMI)高于GS饲料(p=0.001)。与TS基础饲粮相比，BS饲粮的日DMI提高了5% (p<0.05)。在CH公牛中，当GS部分替代TS或BS时，DMI降低了0.8 kg d-1，而在HF公牛中，青贮混合物的使用略微提高了DMI (0.23 kg d-1)。与HF公牛相比，CH公牛的活增重(LWG)和胴体增重分别提高了5%和26%。饲粮中添加GS提高了TS组的增重和胴体增重，但降低了BS组的增重和增重(互作p<0.01)。试验结果表明，TS在公牛日粮中的饲用价值低于BS。以全株青贮为基础的日粮比以GS为唯一饲料的日粮增加了DMI。当GS部分替代TS或BS时，LWG和胴体增重的相互作用结果表明，与GS相比，BS的饲用价值更高，TS的饲用价值更低。饲喂处理对公牛胴体性状影响不大。
{"title":"Intake, gain and carcass traits of Hereford and Charolais bulls offered diets based on triticale, barley and grass silages","authors":"A. Huuskonen, S. Jaakkola, K. Manni","doi":"10.23986/AFSCI.89813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/AFSCI.89813","url":null,"abstract":"Total mixed rations (TMR) based on grass silage (GS), triticale silage (TS), mixture of GS and TS, barley silage (BS) and mixture of GS and BS were fed to fifty Hereford (HF) and fifty Charolais (CH) bulls. The proportion (g kg-1 dry matter [DM]) of the silages in the TMRs were as follows: (1) GS (600); (2) TS (600); (3) GS (300) and TS (300); (4) BS (600); (5) GS (300) and BS (300). Concentrate proportion was 400 g kg-1 DM. According to feed analyses, the GS had 15 and 8% higher metabolizable energy (ME) concentration as well as 51 and 49% higher crude protein (CP) concentration compared to TS and BS, respectively. Average DM intake (DMI) on TS and BS containing diets was higher compared to GS as a sole forage (p=0.001). Compared to the TS based rations the use of BS rations increased daily DMI by 5% (p<0.05). In CH bulls, DMI decreased 0.8 kg d-1when GS partially replaced TS or BS while in HF bulls the use of silage mixtures slightly increased DMI (0.23 kg d-1). The live weight gain (LWG) and carcass gain of the CH bulls were 5 and 26% higher, respectively, compared to the HF bulls. Inclusion of GS in the diet increased LWG and carcass gain with TS but decreased them with BS (interaction p<0.01). The experiment demonstrated lower feeding value of TS compared to BS in the diet of the bulls. Whole crop silage based rations increased DMI compared to GS as a sole forage in the TMR. When GS partially replaced TS or BS, interactions in LWG and carcass gain results demonstrated higher feeding value for BS and lower for TS compared to GS. Feeding treatments had only minor effects on carcass traits of the bulls.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"318-330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78895996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indian agriculture is dominated by smallholders. With an average holding size of just 1.08 hectares (ha) (in 2015-16), and 86 percent of holdings being of less than 2 ha in size, Indian agriculture transformed the country from functioning ‘ship-to-mouth’ during the mid-1960s to being a net exporter of agri-produce today. This would not have been possible without the onset of the Green Revolution post-1965, which resulted in increased foodgrain production and productivity. Among various inputs such as seeds, irrigation and fertilizers, the productivity of farms also depends greatly on the availability and judicious use of farm power by the farmers. Between the mid-20th century and 2013-14, India witnessed a tremendous shift away from traditional agriculture processes to mechanized processes. Today, 88 percent of the total farm power comes from tractors, diesel engine pump-sets, electric pump-sets and power tillers (2013-14). Additionally, India has emerged as the largest manufacturer of tractors in the world, followed by the USA and China. But how has farm mechanization, especially the use of tractors, evolved in India over time? What were the key drivers of the demand for tractors? And how efficiently are the tractors being used in terms of usage by number of hours/year? Given the high cost of tractors, it is also interesting to see how far they have penetrated the small and marginal holdings, i.e., the issues of inclusiveness, financial viability and sustainability. These are some of the key questions that are addressed in this study. Our analysis shows that farm mechanization in India, especially the use of tractors, has made commendable progress. With major policy changes, entry of private farm machinery manufacturing companies and foreign collaborations, farm power availability increased from 0.25 kilowatt per hectare (kW/ha) in 1951 to 2.02 kW/ha in 2017. Furthermore, the contribution of mechanized sources to farm power increased from some 3 percent in 1951 to 88 percent in 2013-14, replacing human and draught power. In addition, the production of tractors increased significantly from a meager 880 units in 1951 to about 900,000 units in 2019. This has transformed India from being a net importer of tractors through the 1960s and 1970s to being an exporter of tractors, exporting some 92,000 units in 2019. In terms of inclusiveness, although larger farms are more mechanized, the Input Census data (2011-12) reveals that even in the category of small and marginal holdings (less than 2 ha), an average of roughly 44 percent of farmers use farm machinery (e.g., tractors, diesel engine pump sets, electric pump sets and power tillers). This is a good achievement, but further improvements are always possible and major attempts in this direction are already underway with heavy policy support through Custom Hiring Centres (CHCs). However, the fact that farm machinery is expensive also raises concerns over whether it is financially viable and sustainable
{"title":"Farm Mechanization in Indian Agriculture with Focus on Tractors","authors":"A. Gulati, R. Juneja","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3689250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3689250","url":null,"abstract":"Indian agriculture is dominated by smallholders. With an average holding size of just 1.08 hectares (ha) (in 2015-16), and 86 percent of holdings being of less than 2 ha in size, Indian agriculture transformed the country from functioning ‘ship-to-mouth’ during the mid-1960s to being a net exporter of agri-produce today. This would not have been possible without the onset of the Green Revolution post-1965, which resulted in increased foodgrain production and productivity. Among various inputs such as seeds, irrigation and fertilizers, the productivity of farms also depends greatly on the availability and judicious use of farm power by the farmers. Between the mid-20th century and 2013-14, India witnessed a tremendous shift away from traditional agriculture processes to mechanized processes. Today, 88 percent of the total farm power comes from tractors, diesel engine pump-sets, electric pump-sets and power tillers (2013-14). Additionally, India has emerged as the largest manufacturer of tractors in the world, followed by the USA and China. But how has farm mechanization, especially the use of tractors, evolved in India over time? What were the key drivers of the demand for tractors? And how efficiently are the tractors being used in terms of usage by number of hours/year? Given the high cost of tractors, it is also interesting to see how far they have penetrated the small and marginal holdings, i.e., the issues of inclusiveness, financial viability and sustainability. These are some of the key questions that are addressed in this study. Our analysis shows that farm mechanization in India, especially the use of tractors, has made commendable progress. With major policy changes, entry of private farm machinery manufacturing companies and foreign collaborations, farm power availability increased from 0.25 kilowatt per hectare (kW/ha) in 1951 to 2.02 kW/ha in 2017. Furthermore, the contribution of mechanized sources to farm power increased from some 3 percent in 1951 to 88 percent in 2013-14, replacing human and draught power. In addition, the production of tractors increased significantly from a meager 880 units in 1951 to about 900,000 units in 2019. This has transformed India from being a net importer of tractors through the 1960s and 1970s to being an exporter of tractors, exporting some 92,000 units in 2019. In terms of inclusiveness, although larger farms are more mechanized, the Input Census data (2011-12) reveals that even in the category of small and marginal holdings (less than 2 ha), an average of roughly 44 percent of farmers use farm machinery (e.g., tractors, diesel engine pump sets, electric pump sets and power tillers). This is a good achievement, but further improvements are always possible and major attempts in this direction are already underway with heavy policy support through Custom Hiring Centres (CHCs). However, the fact that farm machinery is expensive also raises concerns over whether it is financially viable and sustainable ","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88934391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sari Kinnula, M. Toivonen, H. Soinne, J. Joona, Jukka Kivelä
There is a great need for sustainable fertilisers and soil amendments, as current fertilisation practices negativelyaffect the environment. Pulp mill sludges (PMS) could provide a means to replace fertilisers made using non-renewable resources while adding slowly decomposing organic material to the soil and utilising nutrients from the forest industry. This study tested the effects of composted and lime-stabilised mixed PMS (CPMS and LPMS) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields and residual effect on oat (Avena sativa) yields in the boreal region. A two-year field experiment included two CPMS and two LPMS treatments all with additional mineral fertilisation, a mineral fertiliser treatment, and a zero-control treatment. All the fertilisers increased yields. There were no differences in crop yields between CPMS, LPMS and mineral fertiliser treatments. However, some quality characteristics and nitrogen (N) uptake were lower with all or some PMS compared with mineral fertilisation. This result suggests that part of the mineral fertilisation for cereals could be replaced by using PMS, but more information on N mineralisation from sludges is needed.
{"title":"Effects of mixed pulp mill sludges on crop yields and quality","authors":"Sari Kinnula, M. Toivonen, H. Soinne, J. Joona, Jukka Kivelä","doi":"10.23986/afsci.95600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.95600","url":null,"abstract":"There is a great need for sustainable fertilisers and soil amendments, as current fertilisation practices negativelyaffect the environment. Pulp mill sludges (PMS) could provide a means to replace fertilisers made using non-renewable resources while adding slowly decomposing organic material to the soil and utilising nutrients from the forest industry. This study tested the effects of composted and lime-stabilised mixed PMS (CPMS and LPMS) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields and residual effect on oat (Avena sativa) yields in the boreal region. A two-year field experiment included two CPMS and two LPMS treatments all with additional mineral fertilisation, a mineral fertiliser treatment, and a zero-control treatment. All the fertilisers increased yields. There were no differences in crop yields between CPMS, LPMS and mineral fertiliser treatments. However, some quality characteristics and nitrogen (N) uptake were lower with all or some PMS compared with mineral fertilisation. This result suggests that part of the mineral fertilisation for cereals could be replaced by using PMS, but more information on N mineralisation from sludges is needed.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"276-286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88794661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carefully coordinated interaction between the endometrium and embryo is critical for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals. By exploring the gene expression dynamics of this tissue during preimplantation development, we may be able to get insight into the genetic mechanisms of reproduction during early pregnancy. Here, we have performed comparative transcriptome profiling of the endometrium in response to spherical (Day 7 to Day 12) and elongated (Day 13 to Day 17) embryos in Finnsheep, Texel and their F1 crosses using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approach. A total of 21125 genes were expressed in our dataset of which 554 were significantly (absolute log2 fold change > 2.5; adjusted p-value < 0.01) upregulated in the endometrium with elongated embryos. Highly abundant autosomal genes in the endometrium were associated with biological processes such as facilitation of maternal recognition of pregnancy, trophoblast elongation and implantation (LGALS15, CST3, CST6, and EEF1A1). Several endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) including a novel ERV gene located in a reduced FecL locus potentially associated with sheep prolificacy were expressed in our dataset. Comparative transcriptome profiling of the endometrium having spherical and elongated embryos revealed distinct gene expression patterns. Genes that were upregulated in response to elongated embryos indicated the importance of immune system at the maternal-embryo interface prior to implantation.
{"title":"Functional profiling of the endometrium transcriptome during preimplantation development in Finnsheep, Texel and their F1 crosses","authors":"K. Pokharel, J. Peippo, Meng-Hua Li, J. Kantanen","doi":"10.23986/afsci.90523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.90523","url":null,"abstract":"Carefully coordinated interaction between the endometrium and embryo is critical for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals. By exploring the gene expression dynamics of this tissue during preimplantation development, we may be able to get insight into the genetic mechanisms of reproduction during early pregnancy. Here, we have performed comparative transcriptome profiling of the endometrium in response to spherical (Day 7 to Day 12) and elongated (Day 13 to Day 17) embryos in Finnsheep, Texel and their F1 crosses using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approach. A total of 21125 genes were expressed in our dataset of which 554 were significantly (absolute log2 fold change > 2.5; adjusted p-value < 0.01) upregulated in the endometrium with elongated embryos. Highly abundant autosomal genes in the endometrium were associated with biological processes such as facilitation of maternal recognition of pregnancy, trophoblast elongation and implantation (LGALS15, CST3, CST6, and EEF1A1). Several endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) including a novel ERV gene located in a reduced FecL locus potentially associated with sheep prolificacy were expressed in our dataset. Comparative transcriptome profiling of the endometrium having spherical and elongated embryos revealed distinct gene expression patterns. Genes that were upregulated in response to elongated embryos indicated the importance of immune system at the maternal-embryo interface prior to implantation.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79358128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ellen Huan-Niemi, J. Niemi, M. Kaljonen, Marja Knuuttila, M. Saarinen
This study examined what kind of policy instruments and actions are needed for sustainable dietary change and how a large-scale dietary change would impact the climate, thus analysing the economic impacts of transitioning from animal-based diets to alternative plant-based diets. The transition would require the support of horizontal measures that can be implemented throughout the food system. Shifting the emphasis toward the drivers of food demand and consumption will increase the role of new policy instruments and the actors involved in the food system. Collaborative research between environmental and nutritional sciences with economics and policy analysis is necessary to link nutritional health and environmental objectives with economic and social impacts. Less resource-demanding diets would reduce the impact from the food system and lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Drastic changes in diets and food consumption in Finland would have an impact on primary agricultural production, but the output from the food processing industry would only be slightly affected. However, a successful transition would involve considerable investments in the agricultural and food industry.
{"title":"The impacts of dietary change in Finland: food system approach","authors":"Ellen Huan-Niemi, J. Niemi, M. Kaljonen, Marja Knuuttila, M. Saarinen","doi":"10.23986/afsci.95282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.95282","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined what kind of policy instruments and actions are needed for sustainable dietary change and how a large-scale dietary change would impact the climate, thus analysing the economic impacts of transitioning from animal-based diets to alternative plant-based diets. The transition would require the support of horizontal measures that can be implemented throughout the food system. Shifting the emphasis toward the drivers of food demand and consumption will increase the role of new policy instruments and the actors involved in the food system. Collaborative research between environmental and nutritional sciences with economics and policy analysis is necessary to link nutritional health and environmental objectives with economic and social impacts. Less resource-demanding diets would reduce the impact from the food system and lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Drastic changes in diets and food consumption in Finland would have an impact on primary agricultural production, but the output from the food processing industry would only be slightly affected. However, a successful transition would involve considerable investments in the agricultural and food industry.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87346420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Velmurugan Palaniappan Shanmugam, J. Madathil, A. T
The paper examines the crude oil price effects on the political environment of the top four crude oil-consuming countries. The study uses data from 2002 to 2017 to showcase the effect of crude oil price on political environment of crude oil-consuming countries. The study takes Voice and Accountability (VA), Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism (PS), Government Effectiveness (GE), Regulatory Quality (RQ), Rule of Law (RL) and Control of Corruption (CC) as potential determinants of the political environment. The results indicate that crude oil price has significantly affects USA (VA), China (VA), USA (PS), China (PS), Japan (PS), USA (GE), Japan (GE), USA (RQ), China (RQ), USA (RL), Japan (RL), USA (CC), and Japan (CC). An interesting observation from the result is that out of the top four crude oil-consuming countries, crude oil price mostly affects USA while least affecting India. The empirical finding in this study provides a new understanding of the relationship between crude oil prices and their effect on the political environment.
{"title":"Impact of Crude Oil Price on the Political Environment of Crude Oil Consuming Countries","authors":"Velmurugan Palaniappan Shanmugam, J. Madathil, A. T","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3649985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3649985","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the crude oil price effects on the political environment of the top four crude oil-consuming countries. The study uses data from 2002 to 2017 to showcase the effect of crude oil price on political environment of crude oil-consuming countries. The study takes Voice and Accountability (VA), Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism (PS), Government Effectiveness (GE), Regulatory Quality (RQ), Rule of Law (RL) and Control of Corruption (CC) as potential determinants of the political environment. The results indicate that crude oil price has significantly affects USA (VA), China (VA), USA (PS), China (PS), Japan (PS), USA (GE), Japan (GE), USA (RQ), China (RQ), USA (RL), Japan (RL), USA (CC), and Japan (CC). An interesting observation from the result is that out of the top four crude oil-consuming countries, crude oil price mostly affects USA while least affecting India. The empirical finding in this study provides a new understanding of the relationship between crude oil prices and their effect on the political environment.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79007169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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