Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2026.103808
Arthur Gicqueau, Bruno Maureille, Sandrine Costamagno, Kseniya Kolobova, William Rendu, Sergei Markin, Bence Viola
Located in the northernmost part of Central Asia, the western foothills of the Altai Mountains (Western Siberia) represent to date the easternmost known boundary of Neanderthal distribution, far from their main cultural areas currently known in Western Eurasia. This geographic situation suggests the possibility of distinct cultural and biological traits in Altai Neanderthals. In this region, Chagyrskaya Cave contains the most substantial paleoanthropological collection, with 75 remains, including 20 craniodental elements attributed to at least eight individuals of varying ages (22 permanent teeth and four deciduous teeth), dating to between approximately 59 and 51 ka BP. Previous paleogenetic analyses suggest several individuals from this site are closely related. Our study is the first to comprehensively analyze the morphology of the entire set of dentognathic elements. In this study, we document the phenotypic variability of the Chagyrskaya's individuals by examining the dimensions and proportions of the crown and root tissues, the nonmetric traits of the outer enamel surface, and the enamel-dentine junction of the 26 teeth from this site and by comparing them to published data of both fossil and more recent material. Furthermore, we explore aspects related to their lifestyle and behavior describing the antemortem lesions affecting their dentognathic elements. Our results show that the dental traits of these human remains fall within the known Neanderthal phenotypic variability while also presenting certain specificities, the origins of which we discuss. In addition, the identification of several lesions on some of these fossils allows us to document their oral health and the use of their teeth for paramasticatory activities.
位于中亚最北端的阿尔泰山脉（西伯利亚西部）的西部山麓是迄今为止已知的尼安德特人分布的最东端边界，远离目前已知的尼安德特人在欧亚大陆西部的主要文化区。这种地理位置表明，阿尔泰尼安德特人可能具有独特的文化和生物特征。在该地区，Chagyrskaya洞穴拥有最丰富的古人类标本，共有75件遗骸，其中包括至少8个不同年龄的个体（22颗恒牙和4颗乳牙）的20个颅碘元素，其年代约在59 - 51 ka BP之间。先前的古成因分析表明，该遗址的几个个体关系密切。我们的研究首次全面分析了整个牙颌元素的形态。在这项研究中，我们记录了Chagyrskaya个体的表型变异，通过检查冠和根组织的尺寸和比例，外牙釉质表面的非计量特征，以及该地点26颗牙齿的牙釉质-牙本质连接，并将它们与化石和最新材料的已发表数据进行比较。此外，我们探讨了与他们的生活方式和行为有关的方面，这些方面描述了影响他们牙颌元素的临终病变。我们的研究结果表明，这些人类遗骸的牙齿特征属于已知的尼安德特人表型变异性，同时也呈现出某些特异性，我们讨论了其起源。此外，在其中一些化石上发现的几个病变使我们能够记录他们的口腔健康状况和使用牙齿进行辅助吞咽活动。
{"title":"The dentognathic material of the Neanderthals from Chagyrskaya (Altai, Russia): Morphology and paleobiology.","authors":"Arthur Gicqueau, Bruno Maureille, Sandrine Costamagno, Kseniya Kolobova, William Rendu, Sergei Markin, Bence Viola","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2026.103808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2026.103808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Located in the northernmost part of Central Asia, the western foothills of the Altai Mountains (Western Siberia) represent to date the easternmost known boundary of Neanderthal distribution, far from their main cultural areas currently known in Western Eurasia. This geographic situation suggests the possibility of distinct cultural and biological traits in Altai Neanderthals. In this region, Chagyrskaya Cave contains the most substantial paleoanthropological collection, with 75 remains, including 20 craniodental elements attributed to at least eight individuals of varying ages (22 permanent teeth and four deciduous teeth), dating to between approximately 59 and 51 ka BP. Previous paleogenetic analyses suggest several individuals from this site are closely related. Our study is the first to comprehensively analyze the morphology of the entire set of dentognathic elements. In this study, we document the phenotypic variability of the Chagyrskaya's individuals by examining the dimensions and proportions of the crown and root tissues, the nonmetric traits of the outer enamel surface, and the enamel-dentine junction of the 26 teeth from this site and by comparing them to published data of both fossil and more recent material. Furthermore, we explore aspects related to their lifestyle and behavior describing the antemortem lesions affecting their dentognathic elements. Our results show that the dental traits of these human remains fall within the known Neanderthal phenotypic variability while also presenting certain specificities, the origins of which we discuss. In addition, the identification of several lesions on some of these fossils allows us to document their oral health and the use of their teeth for paramasticatory activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"212 ","pages":"103808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.wace.2026.100871
Yixuan Wang, Tingxi Liu, Ruizhong Gao, Xiaomin Liu, Limin Duan, Shaojie Chu, Jin Sun, Ping Miao, Hongli Ma
Understanding how urbanization intensifies precipitation, especially in water-sensitive arid regions, is critical for climate adaptation. This study investigates the nonlinear and scale-dependent responses of precipitation to urbanization in the Ordos Plateau, China, an ecologically fragile arid region experiencing rapid urban expansion. We parameterized urbanization intensity and precipitation amplification to quantify their relationship across different quantiles (τ) and time scales using a mixed-effects nonlinear quantile regression model. This approach allowed us to control for site-specific variability and isolate the generalizable urbanization effect. Our results reveal a robust urbanization intensity-dependent precipitation enhancement. On average, across the time scales considered, a tenfold increase in urbanization intensity amplifies extreme precipitation (τ = 0.99) by approximately 0.590 units, which is about 4.6 times greater than its effect on light precipitation (τ = 0.01). Furthermore, the marginal contribution of urbanization to precipitation amplification diminishes with increasing urbanization levels but remains persistently higher for extreme events. Crucially, these nonlinear effects are more pronounced at monthly and seasonal scales than at the annual scale, underscoring a heightened vulnerability to short-term extremes. These findings reveal that urban expansion in arid and semi-arid regions disproportionately exacerbates extreme precipitation risks. It is therefore suggested that urban planning, water resource management, and disaster prevention policies integrate this nonlinear, urbanization intensity–dependent relationship to enhance climate resilience.
{"title":"Asymmetric Impacts of Urbanization on Precipitation in the Ordos Plateau Urban Agglomeration","authors":"Yixuan Wang, Tingxi Liu, Ruizhong Gao, Xiaomin Liu, Limin Duan, Shaojie Chu, Jin Sun, Ping Miao, Hongli Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.wace.2026.100871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2026.100871","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how urbanization intensifies precipitation, especially in water-sensitive arid regions, is critical for climate adaptation. This study investigates the nonlinear and scale-dependent responses of precipitation to urbanization in the Ordos Plateau, China, an ecologically fragile arid region experiencing rapid urban expansion. We parameterized urbanization intensity and precipitation amplification to quantify their relationship across different quantiles (τ) and time scales using a mixed-effects nonlinear quantile regression model. This approach allowed us to control for site-specific variability and isolate the generalizable urbanization effect. Our results reveal a robust urbanization intensity-dependent precipitation enhancement. On average, across the time scales considered, a tenfold increase in urbanization intensity amplifies extreme precipitation (<ce:italic>τ</ce:italic> = 0.99) by approximately 0.590 units, which is about 4.6 times greater than its effect on light precipitation (<ce:italic>τ</ce:italic> = 0.01). Furthermore, the marginal contribution of urbanization to precipitation amplification diminishes with increasing urbanization levels but remains persistently higher for extreme events. Crucially, these nonlinear effects are more pronounced at monthly and seasonal scales than at the annual scale, underscoring a heightened vulnerability to short-term extremes. These findings reveal that urban expansion in arid and semi-arid regions disproportionately exacerbates extreme precipitation risks. It is therefore suggested that urban planning, water resource management, and disaster prevention policies integrate this nonlinear, urbanization intensity–dependent relationship to enhance climate resilience.","PeriodicalId":48630,"journal":{"name":"Weather and Climate Extremes","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabel González-Méndez, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Diego Pons, Kiyomi Morino, Talia G. Anderson, Soumaya Belmecheri, Laia Andreu-Hayles
Central America faces increasing risks from climate variability and extreme weather events. Limited observational records and model biases have constrained our ability to understand the ocean–atmosphere dynamics that influence precipitation variability in the region over longer timescales. Paleoclimate proxies, including the stable oxygen isotope ratio of the cellulose of tropical trees, can extend the climate record, allowing recent trends and variability to be evaluated in a long-term context and improving our understanding of forced and unforced variability of the climate system. Here, we present a new multidecadal record of tree-ring from Abies guatemalensis (Guatemalan Fir) from Guatemala and Honduras. We demonstrate that this proxy records boreal summer rainfall and is tightly coupled to neotropical ocean–atmosphere dynamics. This precisely dated, high-resolution proxy can be used for multicentury hydroclimate reconstructions of the Intertropical Convergence Zone dynamics and its interactions with the eastern Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea.
{"title":"Oxygen Isotopes in Tree Rings Track Neotropical Climate Dynamics","authors":"Isabel González-Méndez, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Diego Pons, Kiyomi Morino, Talia G. Anderson, Soumaya Belmecheri, Laia Andreu-Hayles","doi":"10.1029/2025gl120744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl120744","url":null,"abstract":"Central America faces increasing risks from climate variability and extreme weather events. Limited observational records and model biases have constrained our ability to understand the ocean–atmosphere dynamics that influence precipitation variability in the region over longer timescales. Paleoclimate proxies, including the stable oxygen isotope ratio of the cellulose of tropical trees, can extend the climate record, allowing recent trends and variability to be evaluated in a long-term context and improving our understanding of forced and unforced variability of the climate system. Here, we present a new multidecadal record of tree-ring <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/6e921766-cb90-4af0-9ae1-1a52ceb275cd/grl72017-math-0001.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl72017:grl72017-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl72017-math-0001.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<msup>\u0000<mi mathvariant=\"normal\">δ</mi>\u0000<mn>18</mn>\u0000</msup>\u0000<mi mathvariant=\"normal\">O</mi>\u0000</mrow>\u0000${{updelta }}^{18}mathrm{O}$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> from <i>Abies guatemalensis</i> (Guatemalan Fir) from Guatemala and Honduras. We demonstrate that this proxy records boreal summer rainfall and is tightly coupled to neotropical ocean–atmosphere dynamics. This precisely dated, high-resolution proxy can be used for multicentury hydroclimate reconstructions of the Intertropical Convergence Zone dynamics and its interactions with the eastern Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135158
Jiayu Fang, Lewei Xie, Mengnan Shi, Qiang Yao, Hongtao Li
Water quality monitoring is essential for environmental management and public health, yet the sparsity of sensor deployments often leads to missing spatio-temporal data, necessitating accurate imputation techniques to infer water quality at unobserved monitoring locations. Conventional methods rarely capture water quality’s spatio-temporal, multi-parameter dynamics or handle noisy, evolving sensor networks. To address this, a novel hybrid framework—the Water Quality Auxiliary-Enhanced Spatio-Temporal Imputation Framework based on Diffusion Graph Convolutional Networks is proposed. This framework employs diffusion graph convolutional networks to model the spatio-temporal correlations of pH data and adaptively integrates auxiliary variables to generate node-specific enhancement signals. In addition, a subgraph-sampling design enables to address the influence of noisy neighboring nodes and facilitate generalization across dynamic monitoring networks. Extensive experiments on a real-world daily water-quality dataset from 37 monitoring locations in Georgia, USA demonstrate that our model outperforms state-of-the-art baselines; on the test set, it achieves an MAE of 0.0084, MAPE of 1.27%, and RMSE of 0.0119 for pH imputation, reducing these metrics by 56.0%, 57.0%, and 51.6% relative to the best baseline. These results suggest that the proposed framework provides a practical and scalable tool for spatio-temporal water-quality imputation at unobserved monitoring locations in river networks. The experimental data and codes for this study can be found at https://github.com/Xielewei/Water-Quality.git.
{"title":"Water quality spatial-temporal imputation using diffusion graph convolutional networks: A case study in Georgia, USA","authors":"Jiayu Fang, Lewei Xie, Mengnan Shi, Qiang Yao, Hongtao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135158","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality monitoring is essential for environmental management and public health, yet the sparsity of sensor deployments often leads to missing spatio-temporal data, necessitating accurate imputation techniques to infer water quality at unobserved monitoring locations. Conventional methods rarely capture water quality’s spatio-temporal, multi-parameter dynamics or handle noisy, evolving sensor networks. To address this, a novel hybrid framework—the Water Quality Auxiliary-Enhanced Spatio-Temporal Imputation Framework based on Diffusion Graph Convolutional Networks is proposed. This framework employs diffusion graph convolutional networks to model the spatio-temporal correlations of pH data and adaptively integrates auxiliary variables to generate node-specific enhancement signals. In addition, a subgraph-sampling design enables to address the influence of noisy neighboring nodes and facilitate generalization across dynamic monitoring networks. Extensive experiments on a real-world daily water-quality dataset from 37 monitoring locations in Georgia, USA demonstrate that our model outperforms state-of-the-art baselines; on the test set, it achieves an MAE of 0.0084, MAPE of 1.27%, and RMSE of 0.0119 for pH imputation, reducing these metrics by 56.0%, 57.0%, and 51.6% relative to the best baseline. These results suggest that the proposed framework provides a practical and scalable tool for spatio-temporal water-quality imputation at unobserved monitoring locations in river networks. The experimental data and codes for this study can be found at <ce:inter-ref xlink:href=\"https://github.com/Xielewei/Water-Quality.git\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://github.com/Xielewei/Water-Quality.git</ce:inter-ref>.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2026.02.017
Si Athena Chen, Sabine M. Neumayer, Michael J. Zachman, Anton V. Ievlev, Jonathan D. Poplawsky, Tyler L. Spano, Peter J. Eng, Andrew G. Stack, Juliane Weber
Metal partitioning into calcite has important geochemical and environmental implications as its reactive surface structure exerts a strong impact on impurity mobility and distribution. Despite numerous observations that strontium (Sr) incorporation into calcite affects reaction rates, the mechanism driving enhancement/inhibition remains debated and is often described only qualitatively. To address this uncertainty, we quantified the chemical composition and lattice strain of the grown Sr-rich calcite using high-resolution chemical imaging techniques and nanoscale strain mapping. These observations were compared to in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of the growth rate of single crystal calcite growth as a function of aqueous [Sr]/[Ca]aq ratio (0–1) with particular focus on hysteresis in growth rates after the solution composition was changed.
{"title":"Impurity incorporation and strain dynamics in calcite crystal growth: in situ analysis and multiscale chemical-strain mapping","authors":"Si Athena Chen, Sabine M. Neumayer, Michael J. Zachman, Anton V. Ievlev, Jonathan D. Poplawsky, Tyler L. Spano, Peter J. Eng, Andrew G. Stack, Juliane Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2026.02.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2026.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"Metal partitioning into calcite has important geochemical and environmental implications as its reactive surface structure exerts a strong impact on impurity mobility and distribution. Despite numerous observations that strontium (Sr) incorporation into calcite affects reaction rates, the mechanism driving enhancement/inhibition remains debated and is often described only qualitatively. To address this uncertainty, we quantified the chemical composition and lattice strain of the grown Sr-rich calcite using high-resolution chemical imaging techniques and nanoscale strain mapping. These observations were compared to <ce:italic>in situ</ce:italic> atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of the growth rate of single crystal calcite growth as a function of aqueous [Sr]/[Ca]<ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">aq</ce:inf></ce:italic> ratio (0–1) with particular focus on hysteresis in growth rates after the solution composition was changed.","PeriodicalId":327,"journal":{"name":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2026.231134
Tuo Shen, Guojie Meng, Tai Liu, Weiwei Wu, Jin Tang, Congmin Wei
The Shan Plateau, located on the China-Myanmar-Thailand border, hosts large seismic hazard historically and presently. Previous studies indicate a link between Coulomb stress changes and earthquake triggering, but the Coulomb stress variations within the plateau are still not adequately addressed. We apply a multi-layered viscoelastic Burgers model to evaluate Coulomb stress changes on active faults caused by six major middle and far field earthquakes outside the Shan Plateau since 1897. Our results show that large middle and far field earthquakes significantly alter Coulomb stress on Shan Plateau faults. The 1897 Assam, 1950 Medog, and 2004 Sumatra earthquakes dominate, driving stress accumulation on several faults above the 10 kPa triggering threshold. Accumulated Coulomb stress exceeds the triggering threshold on parts of the northern Red River Fault, west Wanding Fault, and central-northern Sagaing Fault, and approaches this threshold on the Dayingjiang, Lashio, west Nantinghe, and Ruili faults. Since 1897, 25 Ms. ≥ 6.7 (Mw ≥ 6.5) earthquakes have struck the Shan Plateau, with 19 (76%) occurring on faults experiencing Coulomb stress increases at 15 km depth. At 5 km depth, using source models from England and Bilham (2015) and Ben-Menahem et al. (1974), the correlation rises to 96%, underscoring the strong link between middle and far field events stress loading and earthquake occurrence in the region. The results highlight the need to consider large and great earthquakes outside the Shan Plateau and adjacent tectonic regions for long-term stress evolution and have significant implications to regional stress evolution in similar areas affected by distant large earthquakes.
{"title":"Coulomb stress evolution on the major faults of the Shan Plateau and adjacent tectonic regions due to the large earthquakes in the middle and far fields","authors":"Tuo Shen, Guojie Meng, Tai Liu, Weiwei Wu, Jin Tang, Congmin Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2026.231134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2026.231134","url":null,"abstract":"The Shan Plateau, located on the China-Myanmar-Thailand border, hosts large seismic hazard historically and presently. Previous studies indicate a link between Coulomb stress changes and earthquake triggering, but the Coulomb stress variations within the plateau are still not adequately addressed. We apply a multi-layered viscoelastic Burgers model to evaluate Coulomb stress changes on active faults caused by six major middle and far field earthquakes outside the Shan Plateau since 1897. Our results show that large middle and far field earthquakes significantly alter Coulomb stress on Shan Plateau faults. The 1897 Assam, 1950 Medog, and 2004 Sumatra earthquakes dominate, driving stress accumulation on several faults above the 10 kPa triggering threshold. Accumulated Coulomb stress exceeds the triggering threshold on parts of the northern Red River Fault, west Wanding Fault, and central-northern Sagaing Fault, and approaches this threshold on the Dayingjiang, Lashio, west Nantinghe, and Ruili faults. Since 1897, 25 Ms. ≥ 6.7 (Mw ≥ 6.5) earthquakes have struck the Shan Plateau, with 19 (76%) occurring on faults experiencing Coulomb stress increases at 15 km depth. At 5 km depth, using source models from <ce:cross-ref ref>England and Bilham (2015)</ce:cross-ref> and <ce:cross-ref ref>Ben-Menahem et al. (1974)</ce:cross-ref>, the correlation rises to 96%, underscoring the strong link between middle and far field events stress loading and earthquake occurrence in the region. The results highlight the need to consider large and great earthquakes outside the Shan Plateau and adjacent tectonic regions for long-term stress evolution and have significant implications to regional stress evolution in similar areas affected by distant large earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yinan Deng, Ganglan Zhang, Yangtao Zhu, Mingyu Zhao, Pengcong Wang, Jun Cao
Hydrothermal plumes impact oceanic rare earth element and yttrium (REE + Y) cycling through Fe-Mn particle scavenging. However, REE + Y cycling and enrichment mechanisms in hydrothermal-influenced sediments remain poorly constrained. Here, we present geochemical data for seawater, pore water, and bioapatite from a hydrothermal-influenced region in the eastern South Pacific Ocean. Our results reveal that hydrothermal Fe-Mn oxides scavenge REE + Y from the water column (Nd burial flux: ∼206 pmol cm−2 yr−1) and then act as a source of benthic flux (Nd: 24 pmol cm−2 yr−1) during early diagenesis. Early diagenetic REE + Y release in metalliferous sediments mainly occurs at the sediment-seawater interface, with deep burial environments showing only sporadic and low-magnitude mobilization. This diagenetic flux dominates REE + Y enrichment in bioapatite, and radiogenic εNd signatures of bioapatite at the sediment-water interface provide direct evidence of pore-water processes.
{"title":"Control of early diagenesis on rare earth element cycling and enrichment in pelagic hydrothermal-influenced sediments","authors":"Yinan Deng, Ganglan Zhang, Yangtao Zhu, Mingyu Zhao, Pengcong Wang, Jun Cao","doi":"10.1130/g54294.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54294.1","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrothermal plumes impact oceanic rare earth element and yttrium (REE + Y) cycling through Fe-Mn particle scavenging. However, REE + Y cycling and enrichment mechanisms in hydrothermal-influenced sediments remain poorly constrained. Here, we present geochemical data for seawater, pore water, and bioapatite from a hydrothermal-influenced region in the eastern South Pacific Ocean. Our results reveal that hydrothermal Fe-Mn oxides scavenge REE + Y from the water column (Nd burial flux: ∼206 pmol cm−2 yr−1) and then act as a source of benthic flux (Nd: 24 pmol cm−2 yr−1) during early diagenesis. Early diagenetic REE + Y release in metalliferous sediments mainly occurs at the sediment-seawater interface, with deep burial environments showing only sporadic and low-magnitude mobilization. This diagenetic flux dominates REE + Y enrichment in bioapatite, and radiogenic εNd signatures of bioapatite at the sediment-water interface provide direct evidence of pore-water processes.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135146
Jiaqin Mi, Yongkun Xie, Zhongrui Bao, Min Zhao, Zifan Su
Autumn rainfall in North China impacts agriculture and water resources, yet its drivers remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal that Tibetan Plateau subsurface soil temperature and moisture anomalies significantly modulate North China’s autumn total and extreme rainfall, with soil temperature exerting a stronger influence. Tibetan Plateau subsurface soil conditions explain over a quarter of East Asian autumn precipitation variability. Warmer Tibetan Plateau subsurface soils enhance surface turbulent heating, triggering barotropic atmospheric anomalies that excite downstream Rossby wave propagation. The resulting Rossby wave trains generate upper-level high-pressure and low-level low-pressure anomalies that strengthen ascent and moisture convergence over North China. Moreover, warmer Tibetan Plateau soils intensify extreme rainfall events in North China by increasing rainfall intensity rather than frequency. Statistical and deep learning analyses demonstrate the persistent nature of Tibetan Plateau subsurface soil anomalies, offering predictive potential for seasonal and weather forecasts. Overall, these findings establish Tibetan Plateau subsurface soil conditions as a key regulator of North China autumn rainfall, providing critical insights for regional climate prediction and extreme weather management.
{"title":"Remote control of North China autumn rainfall by Tibetan Plateau soil conditions","authors":"Jiaqin Mi, Yongkun Xie, Zhongrui Bao, Min Zhao, Zifan Su","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135146","url":null,"abstract":"Autumn rainfall in North China impacts agriculture and water resources, yet its drivers remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal that Tibetan Plateau subsurface soil temperature and moisture anomalies significantly modulate North China’s autumn total and extreme rainfall, with soil temperature exerting a stronger influence. Tibetan Plateau subsurface soil conditions explain over a quarter of East Asian autumn precipitation variability. Warmer Tibetan Plateau subsurface soils enhance surface turbulent heating, triggering barotropic atmospheric anomalies that excite downstream Rossby wave propagation. The resulting Rossby wave trains generate upper-level high-pressure and low-level low-pressure anomalies that strengthen ascent and moisture convergence over North China. Moreover, warmer Tibetan Plateau soils intensify extreme rainfall events in North China by increasing rainfall intensity rather than frequency. Statistical and deep learning analyses demonstrate the persistent nature of Tibetan Plateau subsurface soil anomalies, offering predictive potential for seasonal and weather forecasts. Overall, these findings establish Tibetan Plateau subsurface soil conditions as a key regulator of North China autumn rainfall, providing critical insights for regional climate prediction and extreme weather management.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2026.123307
Emily H.G. Cooperdock, Ailani N. Bonilla, Justine G. Grabiec, Juan Felipe Bustos-Moreno, Aaron J. Celestian, Ananya Mallik, Gray E. Bebout
Subduction of serpentinized mantle lithosphere delivers nitrogen (N) into the mantle, but the residency and speciation of N therein remain largely unknown. Serpentine, talc, and chlorite have been proposed as likely hosts in K-poor ultramafic rocks due to the minerals' sheet-like structures and the ability for N to reside in interlayer sites. In this study, we explore whether these three minerals are the primary hosts of N in subduction-related mantle lithosphere and metasomatized hybrid rocks (serpentinites, talc schists, and chlorite schists) by analyzing the N concentrations and isotope compositions of paired whole-rock and phyllosilicate mineral separates. Mineralogy of nine samples and sixteen mineral separates from ultramafic units in Syros, Greece, and Pam Peninsula, New Caledonia, were characterized by petrography and X-ray diffraction (XRD) prior to N analyses. Whole-rock N concentrations are from 25 to 102 μg/g and N-isotopes compositions (δ15Nair) range from −0.2 to +6.9‰, whereas mineral separates contain 8 μg/g to 176 μg/g N with δ15N of −1.2 to +7.0‰. These results show that ultramafic rocks and phyllosilicate minerals from subduction zone settings contain 10's to 100's of μg/g of N, and have δ15N consistent with mixing with a sedimentary-derived fluid. However, mineral separates show variable N and δ15N enrichment or depletion relative to their respective whole-rocks, with most separates containing ≤40% of the whole-rock N and systematically lower δ15N values. These data indicate that, for the majority of the samples, a considerable fraction of the N is hosted in minerals or sites within the whole-rock not captured in the mineral separates. We combine textural observations and geochemical correlations to propose that the discrepancy between the whole-rocks and their mineral separates can be explained by heterogeneous N distribution among different generations of phyllosilicate minerals within single samples and/or significant N hosted in other minerals and sites (e.g., accessory phases or interstitial phases). Further investigation is required to distinguish between these possibilities, with implications for N speciation and stability during subduction zone metamorphism from the forearc to depths beneath arcs and beyond.
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