Jiabo Liu, Norbert R. Nowaczyk, Yuhao Huang, Xin Luo, Huapei Wang, Fei Han, Yiming Ma, Qingsong Liu
The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is the most prominent feature of Earth's magnetic field. Understanding past geomagnetic field variations in the SAA region is crucial for improving our knowledge of the geodynamo. Site Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) 1233, located within the modern SAA and characterized by a high sedimentation rate (∼190 cm/kyr), provides a valuable archive for reconstructing the anomaly's history. Although paleomagnetic data from shipboard and u-channel measurements spanning the past 70 ka (Lund et al., 2006, 2024) have been reported, they have not been validated by rock magnetic analyses. Notably, during the 65–40 ka interval, which includes the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and Laschamps excursions, relative paleointensity (RPI) and inclination from site ODP 1233 differ markedly from nearby and global records. SEM–EDS and rock magnetic results show alternating intervals dominated by silicate-hosted magnetite inclusions, likely associated with reduced supply and partial dissolution of detrital titanomagnetite during Patagonian Ice Sheet retreat, and intervals dominated by detrital titanomagnetite. We therefore applied a log-transformed RPI normalization that accounts for the magnetic properties of these carriers and rescales amplitudes to a common reference. The resulting RPI curve aligns well with regional and global paleointensity records. When the axial dipole moment was comparable to the present value at ∼57.5 and ∼47 ka, paleointensity minima appear confined to the South Atlantic region, analogous to the present-day SAA behavior.
{"title":"Paleosecular Variations in the South Atlantic Anomaly Region Over 65–40 ka — Revisiting Site ODP 1233","authors":"Jiabo Liu, Norbert R. Nowaczyk, Yuhao Huang, Xin Luo, Huapei Wang, Fei Han, Yiming Ma, Qingsong Liu","doi":"10.1029/2025jb032061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jb032061","url":null,"abstract":"The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is the most prominent feature of Earth's magnetic field. Understanding past geomagnetic field variations in the SAA region is crucial for improving our knowledge of the geodynamo. Site Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) 1233, located within the modern SAA and characterized by a high sedimentation rate (∼190 cm/kyr), provides a valuable archive for reconstructing the anomaly's history. Although paleomagnetic data from shipboard and u-channel measurements spanning the past 70 ka (Lund et al., 2006, 2024) have been reported, they have not been validated by rock magnetic analyses. Notably, during the 65–40 ka interval, which includes the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and Laschamps excursions, relative paleointensity (RPI) and inclination from site ODP 1233 differ markedly from nearby and global records. SEM–EDS and rock magnetic results show alternating intervals dominated by silicate-hosted magnetite inclusions, likely associated with reduced supply and partial dissolution of detrital titanomagnetite during Patagonian Ice Sheet retreat, and intervals dominated by detrital titanomagnetite. We therefore applied a log-transformed RPI normalization that accounts for the magnetic properties of these carriers and rescales amplitudes to a common reference. The resulting RPI curve aligns well with regional and global paleointensity records. When the axial dipole moment was comparable to the present value at ∼57.5 and ∼47 ka, paleointensity minima appear confined to the South Atlantic region, analogous to the present-day SAA behavior.","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manisha Mehra, Yang Wang, Chanakya Bagya Ramesh, Ruoyu Zhang, Jiaoshi Zhang, Scott E. Giangrande, Jian Wang
Deep convective clouds regulate Earth's energy and moisture budgets, yet their impact on the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) composition remains underexplored. Using long-term observations from three mid-latitude sites, we show that deep convection (DC) consistently enhances nighttime surface ozone and is often accompanied by modest increases in ultrafine particle concentrations. Within the BL, the condensational growth of these transported ultrafine particles may contribute up to 60% of total cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Mass flux calculations suggest that short-lived convective cores (∼30 min) account for ∼2% of total vertical air mass transport relative to steady entrainment, increasing to ∼13% when the trailing stratiform regions are included. These results show that DC provides an episodic but efficient pathway linking the free troposphere and BL, influencing oxidant budgets, CCN variability, and climate forcing. Accurately representing this process in climate models may help reduce uncertainties in climate projections, under both preindustrial and present-day conditions.
{"title":"Deep Convection-Driven Downward Transport of Trace Gases and Aerosols From the Free Troposphere to the Boundary Layer","authors":"Manisha Mehra, Yang Wang, Chanakya Bagya Ramesh, Ruoyu Zhang, Jiaoshi Zhang, Scott E. Giangrande, Jian Wang","doi":"10.1029/2025gl119490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl119490","url":null,"abstract":"Deep convective clouds regulate Earth's energy and moisture budgets, yet their impact on the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) composition remains underexplored. Using long-term observations from three mid-latitude sites, we show that deep convection (DC) consistently enhances nighttime surface ozone and is often accompanied by modest increases in ultrafine particle concentrations. Within the BL, the condensational growth of these transported ultrafine particles may contribute up to 60% of total cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Mass flux calculations suggest that short-lived convective cores (∼30 min) account for ∼2% of total vertical air mass transport relative to steady entrainment, increasing to ∼13% when the trailing stratiform regions are included. These results show that DC provides an episodic but efficient pathway linking the free troposphere and BL, influencing oxidant budgets, CCN variability, and climate forcing. Accurately representing this process in climate models may help reduce uncertainties in climate projections, under both preindustrial and present-day conditions.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gloria M. S. Reithmaier, Ariel K. Pezner, Adam Ulfsbo, Frank Melzner, Isaac R. Santos
Mangroves host many marine species and support fisheries in developing (sub)tropical countries. The suitability of mangrove habitats depends strongly thier the water chemistry. Here, we show how global warming and rising atmospheric CO2 will reduce dissolved oxygen and increase CO2 in mangrove waters. Observations from 23 mangrove-lined estuaries worldwide revealed that most sites already experience mild (34%–43% of the time) or severe (6%–32%) hypercapnic hypoxia, that is, high CO2 and low oxygen conditions. Hypercapnic hypoxia mostly occurs during low tide, at low-salinity sites, and in warm tropical regions. Climate change will decrease oxygen concentrations by 5%–35% and increase CO2 concentrations by 8%–60% in mangrove waters by 2100. Overall, hypercapnic hypoxia events will occur more frequently, last longer, and become more severe. These shifts will reduce mangrove biodiversity and deteriorate habitat quality for commercially valuable fish. The strongest impact is expected in tropical developing countries.
{"title":"Climate Change Will Enhance Hypercapnic Hypoxia Threatening Mangrove Habitats","authors":"Gloria M. S. Reithmaier, Ariel K. Pezner, Adam Ulfsbo, Frank Melzner, Isaac R. Santos","doi":"10.1029/2025gl119355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl119355","url":null,"abstract":"Mangroves host many marine species and support fisheries in developing (sub)tropical countries. The suitability of mangrove habitats depends strongly thier the water chemistry. Here, we show how global warming and rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> will reduce dissolved oxygen and increase CO<sub>2</sub> in mangrove waters. Observations from 23 mangrove-lined estuaries worldwide revealed that most sites already experience mild (34%–43% of the time) or severe (6%–32%) hypercapnic hypoxia, that is, high CO<sub>2</sub> and low oxygen conditions. Hypercapnic hypoxia mostly occurs during low tide, at low-salinity sites, and in warm tropical regions. Climate change will decrease oxygen concentrations by 5%–35% and increase CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations by 8%–60% in mangrove waters by 2100. Overall, hypercapnic hypoxia events will occur more frequently, last longer, and become more severe. These shifts will reduce mangrove biodiversity and deteriorate habitat quality for commercially valuable fish. The strongest impact is expected in tropical developing countries.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-01922-5
Yunjiang Zhang, Shijie Cui, Jingyi Li, Ming Wang, Xiaofeng Xu, Jiandong Wang, Jie Fang, Hanrui Lang, Bo Zheng, Sheng Zhong, Peng Sun, Haiwei Li, Yun Wu, Jianlin Hu, Junfeng Wang, Mindong Chen, Olivier Favez, Didier Hauglustaine, Philippe Ciais, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, André S. H. Prévôt, Xinlei Ge
Black carbon is a global climate forcer due to its strong radiative absorption, which is highly sensitive to coating formation regulated by anthropogenic and biogenic emissions. However, how cross-regional biogenic sources modulate urban black carbon coating and radiative effects remains poorly understood. Here we integrate observations and model simulations to investigate such biogenic–anthropogenic interactions in eastern China. The results show that biogenic volatile organic compounds from vegetation-rich regions undergo atmospheric oxidation to produce oxygenated organic compounds, which are subsequently advected into downwind urban areas. These products enhance regional atmospheric oxidation capacity and supply additional precursors, thereby promoting secondary organic aerosol production. This biogenic-induced strengthening of regional photochemistry drives the formation of highly oxidized secondary organic aerosol coatings on black carbon and increases its fraction within the total particle population. Consequently, black carbon absorption efficiency increases more steeply with the coating carbon oxidation state under biogenic-rich conditions, yielding an average ~20% enhancement in radiative absorption from the lensing effect relative to biogenic-poor periods. Our findings reveal that cross-regional biogenic–anthropogenic interactions enhance both the formation and particle population fraction of secondary organic aerosol coatings on urban black carbon, potentially further amplifying its radiative effects as biogenic emissions increase under future warming scenarios.
{"title":"Urban black-carbon radiative heating intensified by biogenic–anthropogenic interactions","authors":"Yunjiang Zhang, Shijie Cui, Jingyi Li, Ming Wang, Xiaofeng Xu, Jiandong Wang, Jie Fang, Hanrui Lang, Bo Zheng, Sheng Zhong, Peng Sun, Haiwei Li, Yun Wu, Jianlin Hu, Junfeng Wang, Mindong Chen, Olivier Favez, Didier Hauglustaine, Philippe Ciais, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, André S. H. Prévôt, Xinlei Ge","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-01922-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01922-5","url":null,"abstract":"Black carbon is a global climate forcer due to its strong radiative absorption, which is highly sensitive to coating formation regulated by anthropogenic and biogenic emissions. However, how cross-regional biogenic sources modulate urban black carbon coating and radiative effects remains poorly understood. Here we integrate observations and model simulations to investigate such biogenic–anthropogenic interactions in eastern China. The results show that biogenic volatile organic compounds from vegetation-rich regions undergo atmospheric oxidation to produce oxygenated organic compounds, which are subsequently advected into downwind urban areas. These products enhance regional atmospheric oxidation capacity and supply additional precursors, thereby promoting secondary organic aerosol production. This biogenic-induced strengthening of regional photochemistry drives the formation of highly oxidized secondary organic aerosol coatings on black carbon and increases its fraction within the total particle population. Consequently, black carbon absorption efficiency increases more steeply with the coating carbon oxidation state under biogenic-rich conditions, yielding an average ~20% enhancement in radiative absorption from the lensing effect relative to biogenic-poor periods. Our findings reveal that cross-regional biogenic–anthropogenic interactions enhance both the formation and particle population fraction of secondary organic aerosol coatings on urban black carbon, potentially further amplifying its radiative effects as biogenic emissions increase under future warming scenarios.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sporadic E (Es) layer is a prominent ionospheric irregularity mainly driven by vertical wind shear at mid-latitudes. Hereby we statistically investigate for the first time Es responses to variations of the northern polar vortex (represented by NAM index) using long-term ionosonde observations over Japan (44 years) and Australia (34 years). The analysis reveals clear polar vortex modulation of Es, with increasing/decreasing foEs on low/high NAM days over Japan and decreasing foEs over Australia on low NAM days with a time lag of 5–7 days. This hemispheric asymmetry is largely attributed to nearly anti-phase wind shear responses in two hemispheres. Our results demonstrate the modulation of deep connection between stratosphere dynamics and ionospheric irregularities, emphasizing the importance atmosphere-ionosphere coupling. It suggests that the NAM index could be used to increase the accuracy of Es layer prediction and serve as indicator for assessing the risk of Es layer occurrence in advance. This has practical implications for fields such as radiocommunications and over-the-horizon radar.
{"title":"Modulation of the Mid-Latitude Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer by the Northern Polar Vortex","authors":"Tomoki Maeda, Huixin Liu, Yosuke Yamazaki, Lihui Qiu","doi":"10.1029/2025gl119055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl119055","url":null,"abstract":"The sporadic E (Es) layer is a prominent ionospheric irregularity mainly driven by vertical wind shear at mid-latitudes. Hereby we statistically investigate for the first time Es responses to variations of the northern polar vortex (represented by NAM index) using long-term ionosonde observations over Japan (44 years) and Australia (34 years). The analysis reveals clear polar vortex modulation of Es, with increasing/decreasing foEs on low/high NAM days over Japan and decreasing foEs over Australia on low NAM days with a time lag of 5–7 days. This hemispheric asymmetry is largely attributed to nearly anti-phase wind shear responses in two hemispheres. Our results demonstrate the modulation of deep connection between stratosphere dynamics and ionospheric irregularities, emphasizing the importance atmosphere-ionosphere coupling. It suggests that the NAM index could be used to increase the accuracy of Es layer prediction and serve as indicator for assessing the risk of Es layer occurrence in advance. This has practical implications for fields such as radiocommunications and over-the-horizon radar.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong Ren, Minghui Zhu, Lei Dai, Walter Gonzalez, Shan Wang, Chi Wang, C. Philippe Escoubet, Jiaojiao Zhang, Qiugang Zong
Substorms are often described by a loading-unloading cycle, where onset follows gradual accumulation of solar wind magnetic flux in the magnetosphere. Yet observations indicate that intense substorms can also be directly driven, though the underlying mechanism remains unresolved. For the first time, global observations strongly indicate that substorm triggering is linked to enhanced dayside-driven convection and Region 1 FAC, supported by simulations. At 17:17UT during the May 2024 superstorm, a shock-compressed southward interplanetary magnetic field enhanced sunward convection and auroral currents. These rapidly extended to the nightside, initiating substorm expansion within 6 min. Simulations reproduce this response, revealing that dayside-driven convection of closed field lines depleted nightside flux and thinned the current sheet. This lowered onset threshold and triggered substorm expansion with negligible flux loading. Following onset, nightside flux loading became significant as a reconnection X-line formed near 10 Earth radii, extended azimuthally, and supported a global substorm current wedge.
{"title":"Solar-Wind Triggering of Substorm Onset During the May 2024 Superstorm: Coordinated Global Observations and Simulations","authors":"Yong Ren, Minghui Zhu, Lei Dai, Walter Gonzalez, Shan Wang, Chi Wang, C. Philippe Escoubet, Jiaojiao Zhang, Qiugang Zong","doi":"10.1029/2025gl119629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl119629","url":null,"abstract":"Substorms are often described by a loading-unloading cycle, where onset follows gradual accumulation of solar wind magnetic flux in the magnetosphere. Yet observations indicate that intense substorms can also be directly driven, though the underlying mechanism remains unresolved. For the first time, global observations strongly indicate that substorm triggering is linked to enhanced dayside-driven convection and Region 1 FAC, supported by simulations. At 17:17UT during the May 2024 superstorm, a shock-compressed southward interplanetary magnetic field enhanced sunward convection and auroral currents. These rapidly extended to the nightside, initiating substorm expansion within 6 min. Simulations reproduce this response, revealing that dayside-driven convection of closed field lines depleted nightside flux and thinned the current sheet. This lowered onset threshold and triggered substorm expansion with negligible flux loading. Following onset, nightside flux loading became significant as a reconnection X-line formed near 10 Earth radii, extended azimuthally, and supported a global substorm current wedge.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1038/s41558-026-02558-4
Peiyu Cao, Franco Bilotto, Carlos Gonzalez Fischer, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Kimberly M. Carlson, Avery W. Driscoll, James S. Gerber, Pete Smith, Francesco N. Tubiello, Paul C. West, Liangzhi You, Mario Herrero
Spatially explicit cropland greenhouse gas emission data are essential for identifying emission hotspots and guiding sustainable mitigation strategies. Here we develop high-resolution (5 arcmin) global maps of cropland emissions across 46 crop classes in 2020 by integrating sectoral datasets on synthetic fertilizer, manure, crop residue, in-field burning, rice cultivation and cultivated drained peatlands. Global croplands emitted 2.5 (95% CI 2.4–2.7) GtCO2e yr−1, with drained peatlands (35%), rice paddies (35%) and synthetic fertilizer (23%) as the primary contributors. Four crops—rice, maize, oil palm and wheat—accounted for 67% of total emissions. Emission areal intensities averaged 2 MgCO2e ha−1 globally, with higher intensities in Asia and Europe, where croplands also achieved high caloric productivity. Spatial correlations between emission intensity and production efficiency reveal geographic trade-offs between mitigation potential and food production. The resulting dataset establishes a unified global framework for a spatially explicit assessment of agricultural emissions and efficiency.
空间上明确的农田温室气体排放数据对于确定排放热点和指导可持续减缓战略至关重要。在这里，我们通过整合合成肥料、粪肥、作物残留物、田间燃烧、水稻种植和种植排水泥炭地等部门数据集，开发了2020年46种作物类别的高分辨率（5 arcmin）全球农田排放地图。全球农田每年排放2.5亿吨二氧化碳当量（95% CI 2.4-2.7），其中排干的泥炭地（35%）、稻田（35%）和合成肥料（23%）是主要排放源。四种作物——水稻、玉米、油棕和小麦——占总排放量的67%。全球平均排放面积强度为2 MgCO2e ha - 1，亚洲和欧洲的强度更高，这些地区的农田也实现了高热量生产力。排放强度与生产效率之间的空间相关性揭示了缓解潜力与粮食生产之间的地理权衡。由此产生的数据集为农业排放和效率的空间明确评估建立了统一的全球框架。
{"title":"Spatially explicit global assessment of cropland greenhouse gas emissions circa 2020","authors":"Peiyu Cao, Franco Bilotto, Carlos Gonzalez Fischer, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Kimberly M. Carlson, Avery W. Driscoll, James S. Gerber, Pete Smith, Francesco N. Tubiello, Paul C. West, Liangzhi You, Mario Herrero","doi":"10.1038/s41558-026-02558-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-026-02558-4","url":null,"abstract":"Spatially explicit cropland greenhouse gas emission data are essential for identifying emission hotspots and guiding sustainable mitigation strategies. Here we develop high-resolution (5 arcmin) global maps of cropland emissions across 46 crop classes in 2020 by integrating sectoral datasets on synthetic fertilizer, manure, crop residue, in-field burning, rice cultivation and cultivated drained peatlands. Global croplands emitted 2.5 (95% CI 2.4–2.7) GtCO2e yr−1, with drained peatlands (35%), rice paddies (35%) and synthetic fertilizer (23%) as the primary contributors. Four crops—rice, maize, oil palm and wheat—accounted for 67% of total emissions. Emission areal intensities averaged 2 MgCO2e ha−1 globally, with higher intensities in Asia and Europe, where croplands also achieved high caloric productivity. Spatial correlations between emission intensity and production efficiency reveal geographic trade-offs between mitigation potential and food production. The resulting dataset establishes a unified global framework for a spatially explicit assessment of agricultural emissions and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2026.108162
Jiaxing Han , Meng Liu , Tianming Liu , Libing Liao , Ritong Huang , Wenfeng Li , Guocheng Lv
Clay minerals have emerged as promising materials for electrochemical energy technologies, owing to their unique nanostructures, sustainability, and low cost. This review summarizes recent advances in their applications, primarily in electrochemical energy storage (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors), followed by electrocatalysis (e.g., hydrogen/oxygen evolution, and oxygen reduction reaction). The structure-property relationships are highlighted: fibrous chain-layered clays are effective in forming conductive networks and inhibiting agglomeration, while layered clays facilitate rapid ion transport through tunable interlayer spacing. In energy storage, these structural features help address critical challenges such as electrode volume expansion, lithium dendrite growth, and polysulfide shuttling, thereby enhancing device cycling stability, rate capability, etc.; In electrocatalysis, the high surface area, abundant surface functional group, and favorable ion transport pathways of clays contribute to improve active site dispersion, electron transfer efficiency, etc. The roles of various clay mineral structures in these fields are discussed, and perspectives on future performance optimization through tailored structural design are provided.
{"title":"Clay minerals in electrochemical technologies: Recent advances in energy storage and electrocatalysis applications","authors":"Jiaxing Han , Meng Liu , Tianming Liu , Libing Liao , Ritong Huang , Wenfeng Li , Guocheng Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2026.108162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2026.108162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clay minerals have emerged as promising materials for electrochemical energy technologies, owing to their unique nanostructures, sustainability, and low cost. This review summarizes recent advances in their applications, primarily in electrochemical energy storage (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors), followed by electrocatalysis (e.g., hydrogen/oxygen evolution, and oxygen reduction reaction). The structure-property relationships are highlighted: fibrous chain-layered clays are effective in forming conductive networks and inhibiting agglomeration, while layered clays facilitate rapid ion transport through tunable interlayer spacing. In energy storage, these structural features help address critical challenges such as electrode volume expansion, lithium dendrite growth, and polysulfide shuttling, thereby enhancing device cycling stability, rate capability, etc.; In electrocatalysis, the high surface area, abundant surface functional group, and favorable ion transport pathways of clays contribute to improve active site dispersion, electron transfer efficiency, etc. The roles of various clay mineral structures in these fields are discussed, and perspectives on future performance optimization through tailored structural design are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 108162"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146161714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Byung Joon Lee, Trung Tin Huynh, Thi Thuy Trang Pham, Michael Fettweis, Jin Hur, Sang Deuk Lee, Jasper A. Vrugt, Qilong Bi, Xiaoteng Shen, Nathan Terseleer, Sungyun Lee, Yun Young Choi
The dynamics of suspended particulate matter (SPM) plays a crucial role in determining water quality, sediment transport, and biogeochemical cycles in inland, estuarine, and coastal water resources. Flocculation processes strongly influence the SPM dynamics via aggregation and breakage under various hydrodynamic and biogeochemical conditions. This study introduces a mechanistic and diagnostic framework that combines a two-class population balance equation (TCPBE) model with Bayesian calibration to simulate flocculation–transport behavior in both laboratory- (time-dependent batch) and field-scale (one-dimensional vertical) systems. Laboratory experiments with biopolymer–clay and microalgae–clay mixtures and field observations from an estuarine turbidity maximum zone are used to derive a comprehensive data set for model validation. Bayesian inference enables the estimation of uncertain model parameters while characterizing their statistical properties, thus supporting the mechanistic interpretation of flocculation dynamics. By quantifying how ionic strength and microbial physiology regulate flocculation kinetics and elucidating the turbulence-driven coupling between flocculation kinetics and sediment transport over tidal cycles, the framework demonstrates its suitability as a process-based diagnostic tool capable of effectively capturing SPM dynamics under various conditions. This framework has strong potential to advance the understanding of flocculation dynamics and support a range of applications in inland and estuarine sediment-laden water systems, including river, reservoir, esturine and coastal waters.
{"title":"Diagnosing the Flocculation–Transport Dynamics of Suspended Particulate Matter Using a Two-Class Population Balance Model and Bayesian Calibration","authors":"Byung Joon Lee, Trung Tin Huynh, Thi Thuy Trang Pham, Michael Fettweis, Jin Hur, Sang Deuk Lee, Jasper A. Vrugt, Qilong Bi, Xiaoteng Shen, Nathan Terseleer, Sungyun Lee, Yun Young Choi","doi":"10.1029/2025wr041729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025wr041729","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of suspended particulate matter (SPM) plays a crucial role in determining water quality, sediment transport, and biogeochemical cycles in inland, estuarine, and coastal water resources. Flocculation processes strongly influence the SPM dynamics via aggregation and breakage under various hydrodynamic and biogeochemical conditions. This study introduces a mechanistic and diagnostic framework that combines a two-class population balance equation (TCPBE) model with Bayesian calibration to simulate flocculation–transport behavior in both laboratory- (<i>time-dependent batch</i>) and field-scale (one-dimensional vertical) systems. Laboratory experiments with biopolymer–clay and microalgae–clay mixtures and field observations from an estuarine turbidity maximum zone are used to derive a comprehensive data set for model validation. Bayesian inference enables the estimation of uncertain model parameters while characterizing their statistical properties, thus supporting the mechanistic interpretation of flocculation dynamics. By quantifying how ionic strength and microbial physiology regulate flocculation kinetics and elucidating the turbulence-driven coupling between flocculation kinetics and sediment transport over tidal cycles, the framework demonstrates its suitability as a process-based diagnostic tool capable of effectively capturing SPM dynamics under various conditions. This framework has strong potential to advance the understanding of flocculation dynamics and support a range of applications in inland and estuarine sediment-laden water systems, including river, reservoir, esturine and coastal waters.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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