IF 3.1 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Human Evolution

Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2026.103807

Bruce Winterhalder , Eugène Morin

Textual analysis of 425 cases of endurance pursuit hunts (EPHs) found in ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources reveals the diversity, extent, and effectiveness of the endurance pursuit tactic. Endurance pursuits involve persistently running after an encountered animal, often for hours, until it can be subdued, the tactic frequently involving bouts of walking and tracking. Building on this definition, we assess the plausibility of five hypotheses that could account for the evolution of endurance pursuit strategies in hominins: i) optimization of subsistence efficiency, ii) risk minimization, iii) honest signaling of hunting prowess, iv) acquisition of alternative resources such as skin or fat, and v) procurement of game for spiritual reasons. Our test of these hypotheses also aids in delineating the contexts and factors that affect the success of EPHs. Crusted snow or high ambient temperatures favor the technique. Endurance pursuit hunters train from a young age, pace themselves carefully, and take advantage of prey cycles of flight and pause for recovery. Endurance pursuit hunts are predominantly a male activity, although females sometimes participate. Medium- to large-sized herbivores and carnivores are the main targets. Among the five tested hypotheses, our results indicate that EPHs are most consistent with optimization of subsistence efficiency, risk minimization, and costly signaling. These fitness goals could have provided a significant selective context for the evolution in early hominins of a running gait.

对民族史学和民族志资料中发现的425例耐力追求狩猎（EPHs）进行文本分析，揭示了耐力追求策略的多样性、程度和有效性。耐力追求包括不断追赶遇到的动物，通常持续数小时，直到它被制服，这种策略通常包括散步和跟踪。在这个定义的基础上，我们评估了五个假设的合理性，这些假设可以解释人类耐力追求策略的进化：1)生存效率的优化，2)风险最小化，3)狩猎能力的诚实信号，4)获取皮肤或脂肪等替代资源，5)出于精神原因获取猎物。我们对这些假设的检验也有助于描述影响EPHs成功的背景和因素。结痂的雪或高环境温度有利于这项技术。耐力追求猎人从小就训练，小心地调整自己的节奏，并利用猎物的飞行周期和暂停恢复。耐力狩猎主要是雄性的活动，尽管雌性有时也会参与。中大型食草动物和食肉动物是主要目标。在5个被检验的假设中，我们的研究结果表明，生态环境效应与生存效率优化、风险最小化和成本信号最为一致。这些健身目标可能为早期人类跑步步态的进化提供了重要的选择性背景。

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引用次数: 0

Self-Consistent Models of Earth's Mantle and Core From Long-Period Seismic and Tidal Constraints 基于长周期地震和潮汐约束的地幔和地核自洽模型

IF 3.9 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1029/2024jb030971

F. D. Munch, J. Kemper, A. Khan, G. Helffrich, D. Giardini

Here we illustrate the use of parameterized models to address fundamental questions about Earth's mantle and core structure. For this, we invert a large set of normal-mode center frequencies and quality (attenuation) factors, along with astronomic-geodetic data, for the radial anelastic seismic structure of the Earth. We consider two distinct parameterizations that rely on physically and polynomially parameterized models. In the first approach mantle models are constructed using petrologic phase equilibria in combination with a laboratory-based viscoelastic model connecting dissipation from seismic to tidal periods (

� � � \sim � �${sim} $�

100 s–20 years), whereas seismic properties for a homogeneous and adiabatic core are computed using equations-of-state. The polynomially parameterized models follow the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) and rely on a polynomial representation of density, P- and S-wave velocity, attenuation, and anisotropy. To quantify uncertainty estimates on the derived structure—a feature absent from radial seismic reference models—we employ a stochastic sampling-based approach in solving the inverse problem. To further constrain mantle and outer-core seismic wave velocity structure, we also inverted globally-averaged P- and S-wave and multiple core-mantle boundary underside-reflected S-wave travel times, respectively. The results indicate considerable deviations from PREM, including a denser outer core and less dense inner core, and thus a diminished density contrast across the inner-core boundary. Also, outer-core stratification, associated with the

� � � �^{E �' �} � �${mathrm{E}}^{prime }$�

layer, appears not to be required to match data. Finally, and of general interest to the wider community, uncertainty measures on all inverted properties are provided with the models presented here.

在这里，我们说明使用参数化模型来解决有关地幔和地核结构的基本问题。为此，我们反演了大量的正态中心频率和质量（衰减）因子，以及天文大地测量数据，用于地球的径向非弹性地震结构。我们考虑两种不同的参数化，依赖于物理和多项式参数化模型。在第一种方法中，地幔模型是使用岩石相平衡结合实验室粘弹性模型构建的，该模型连接了从地震到潮汐周期（~ ${sim} $100 s-20年）的耗散，而均匀和绝热岩心的地震特性是使用状态方程计算的。多项式参数化模型遵循初步参考地球模型（PREM），并依赖于密度、纵波和横波速度、衰减和各向异性的多项式表示。为了量化对衍生结构的不确定性估计-径向地震参考模型中缺乏的特征-我们采用基于随机抽样的方法来解决逆问题。为了进一步约束地幔和外核地震波速度结构，我们还分别反演了全球平均P波和s波以及多个核幔边界下反射s波的传播时间。结果表明与PREM有相当大的偏差，包括外核密度更大而内核密度更小，因此内核边界上的密度对比减弱。此外，与E ' ${ mathm {E}}^{prime}$层相关联的外核分层似乎不是匹配数据所必需的。最后，对更广泛的社区普遍感兴趣的是，这里提出的模型提供了所有反向属性的不确定性度量。

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引用次数: 0

Metaplasticity: Extending cognition through the distant human past 元可塑性：通过遥远的人类过去扩展认知

IF 2.5 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2026.106503

Tjaark Siemssen

In this paper, I examine Metaplasticity, one of the key tenets of Material Engagement Theory. Operating alongside material agency and enactive signification, Metaplasticity denotes the inseparable plasticity of material culture and the brain on several simultaneous timescales of human cognitive evolution, and conceptualises the mind as much more expansive than traditionally conceived.

I explore the theoretical origins of Metaplasticity by assessing mind-matter dichotomies in the philosophy of mind and action, and its empirical origins by assessing its relationship to advances in the neurosciences. I relate it to similar concepts from the body of 4E approaches to cognition and explain its aims, conceptual nuances and distinctive characteristics.

Against the context of the abandonment of 'behavioural modernity' in southern African archaeology, I then compare Metaplasticity to other archaeological models of cognition that propose a relational approach. I draw attention to a bias towards macro-scale perspectives that has dominated the archaeology of the Middle Stone Age (MSA), and comes at the expense of understanding the extended, embodied, enacted, and embedded properties of cognition in deep time.

In order to merge macro-scale perspectives on human cognitive evolution with 4E approaches, I propose a theoretical synthesis between 4E perspectives to cognition, and a process ontological approach to evolution through the notion of Metaplasticity. I argue that this would be a productive step towards navigating the aftermath of modernity abandonment in MSA archaeology, whilst retain the unique long-term perspectives granted by the archaeological record and research context of this region.

在本文中，我研究了元塑性，材料接合理论的关键原则之一。元可塑性与物质能动性和行动意义一起运作，表明物质文化和大脑在人类认知进化的几个同时时间尺度上不可分割的可塑性，并将心灵概念化为比传统观念更广阔的概念。我通过评估心理和行动哲学中的精神-物质二分法来探索元可塑性的理论起源，并通过评估其与神经科学进步的关系来探索其经验起源。我将其与4E认知方法主体中的类似概念联系起来，并解释其目标、概念上的细微差别和独特的特征。在南部非洲考古学放弃“行为现代性”的背景下，我将元可塑性与提出关系方法的其他考古认知模型进行比较。我提请大家注意，在中石器时代（MSA）的考古学中，有一种倾向于宏观尺度的观点，这种观点以理解深度时间的认知的扩展、具体化、制定和嵌入属性为代价。为了将人类认知进化的宏观视角与4E方法相结合，我提出了4E认知视角与过程本体论方法之间的理论综合，通过元可塑性的概念来研究进化。我认为这将是一个富有成效的步骤，在MSA考古学中导航现代性放弃的后果，同时保留该地区考古记录和研究背景赋予的独特的长期视角。

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引用次数: 0

Seismoacoustic Analysis of Possible Vent-Drying Sequence During Phreatomagmatic Activity on 13 July 2021 at Semisopochnoi Island, Alaska 2021年7月13日阿拉斯加Semisopochnoi岛潜水岩浆活动期间可能的通气-干燥序列的地震声分析

IF 5.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geophysical Research Letters

Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl119273

Dan Muramatsu, John J. Lyons, Hannah R. Dietterich, Mie Ichihara, Alexandra M. Iezzi

Pulse-like infrasound accompanying volcanic phenomena sometimes suggests interaction with water at the crater. We focus on pulse-like infrasound observed at Semisopochnoi Island in the Aleutian Arc, Alaska, during the phreatomagmatic activity on 13 July 2021. Overflight observations confirmed a small, ephemeral water lake on the crater floor in June 2021. We examined temporal variations in pulse-like infrasound activity, seismoacoustic amplitudes, and spectral characteristics. Pulse-like infrasound activity gradually became intermittent and waned at the end of the day. Seismic-infrasonic amplitude ratio decreased, while the infrasound frequency index increased with time. These results suggest less interaction with water due to drying out of the vent. Satellite observations also show increased ground surface temperatures inside the crater from 13 to 14 July. Numerical simulation suggests a significant topographic effect on the waveform and spectrum of the pulse-like infrasound, which should be considered before interpreting the source process.

伴随火山现象的脉冲状次声有时表明火山口与水的相互作用。我们重点研究了2021年7月13日在阿拉斯加阿留申岛弧Semisopochnoi岛观测到的脉冲状次声。2021年6月，飞越观测证实了火山口底部有一个短暂的小湖泊。我们研究了脉冲样次声活动、震声振幅和频谱特征的时间变化。类似脉冲的次声活动逐渐变得断断续续，并在一天结束时减弱。地震-次声振幅比随时间减小，次声频率指数随时间增大。这些结果表明，由于排气口干燥，与水的相互作用较少。卫星观测还显示，从7月13日到14日，陨石坑内的地表温度有所上升。数值模拟表明，地形对脉冲样次声的波形和频谱有明显的影响，在解释源过程之前应该考虑到这一点。

引用次数: 0

Rapid hydration of rhyolitic glass at atmospheric conditions: Evidence from Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform spectroscopy and Temperature Conversion Elemental Analysis 大气条件下流纹岩玻璃的快速水化：来自漫反射红外傅立叶变换光谱和温度转换元素分析的证据

IF 3.6 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Chemical Geology

Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2026.123291

Thomas Giachetti , Erwan Martin , Etienne Balan

<div><div>The molar abundance ratio of H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>/OH of rhyolitic porous pyroclasts, obsidian pyroclasts, and flow obsidians from the 1060CE Glass Mountain eruption at Medicine Lake Volcano (USA) were obtained by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform spectroscopy. Samples were also analyzed for their total water content, [H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>], and isotopic composition, <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>D, via Temperature Conversion Elemental Analysis (TC/EA). Porous clasts exhibit a H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>/OH ratio of 0–4.63 (and a [H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>] measured by Giachetti et al. (2020) of 0.34–1.2 wt%) that is positively correlated with their porosity and [H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>], contrary to the low [H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>] and low H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>/OH ratios of both obsidian pyroclasts (0.32–0.72 wt.<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>, 0.14–0.63) and flow obsidians (0.04–0.07 wt.<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>, 0.24–0.28). These results confirm the interpretations of Giachetti et al. (2020) that porous clasts were rehydrated for about 1000 years after the eruption via diffusion of overwhelmingly molecular, meteoric water in the matrix-glass, whereas obsidian pyroclasts and flow obsidians are essentially dense and thus rehydrate poorly. Analyses were also conducted on two size fractions of flow obsidian (<span><math><mrow><mo>≤</mo><mn>63</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> and 63–<span><math><mrow><mn>250</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) that were ground either (1) immediately before analysis or, (2) about nine years prior to analysis and kept in closed containers ever since. Results show that the <span><math><mrow><mo>≤</mo><mn>63</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> ground samples gained 0.06–0.24 wt% of meteoric water in just nine years, with a H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>/OH ratio increasing

利用漫反射红外傅立叶变换光谱法测定了1060CE美国梅辛湖火山玻璃山喷发的流纹岩多孔火山碎屑、黑曜岩火山碎屑和流动黑曜岩火山碎屑中H2Om/OH的摩尔丰度。通过温度转换元素分析（TC/EA）分析样品的总含水量[H2Ot]和同位素组成δD。多孔碎屑的H2Om/OH比值为0-4.63 (Giachetti等人（2020）测量的[H2Ot]为0.34-1.2 wt%)，与孔隙度和[H2Ot]正相关，与黑曜岩火山碎屑的[H2Ot]和低H2Om/OH比值（0.32-0.72 wt.%, 0.14-0.63）和流动黑曜岩的[H2Ot]和低H2Om/OH比值（0.04-0.07 wt.%, 0.24-0.28）相反。这些结果证实了Giachetti等人（2020）的解释，即多孔碎屑在火山喷发后约1000年通过基质玻璃中绝大多数分子大气水的扩散而重新水化，而黑曜岩火山碎屑和流动黑曜岩本质上是致密的，因此再水化程度较差。研究人员还对流动黑曜石的两个粒径（≤63μm和63-250μm）进行了分析，这两个粒径分别在(1)分析前立即研磨，(2)在分析前约9年研磨，并一直保存在密闭容器中。结果表明：≤63μm磨粒样品在9年内获得0.06 ~ 0.24 wt%的大气水，H2Om/OH比值从破碎后立即测量的0.32 ~ 0.54增加到9年后测量的3.35 ~ 4.64。对于这些较小的颗粒，即使在分析前在130°C真空下加热24小时也不足以除去通过再水化获得的所有水分。因此，我们建议使用更粗的粉末（≥63μm）和更长的真空预热时间（≥2天），以更可靠地测量黑曜石样品的[H2Ot]， H2Om/OH和δD。考虑到多孔火山碎屑中囊泡之间的玻璃的厚度，以及它们快速再水化的能力，通过分析散装材料获得的总含水量（例如，通过TC/EA，着火损失，卡尔费歇尔滴定法）必须与δD和/或H2Om/OH数据一起解释，以评估再水化的程度，即使是相对年轻的样品。

引用次数: 0

Novel use of waste calcined clay brick powder in sustainable ultra-high ductility strain-hardening geopolymer composites: Micro-characteristics and mechanical behavior 废煅烧粘土砖粉在可持续超高延性应变硬化地聚合物复合材料中的新应用：微观特性和力学行为

IF 5.8 2区地球科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Applied Clay Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2026.108161

Zhiming Ma , Yuanhui Wu , Shifeng Li , Dingyi Yang , Changqing Wang

Strain-hardening geopolymer composites (SHGC) exhibit low-carbon characteristics and excellent mechanical performance, but the conventional precursors used in SHGC preparation are limited in supply and expensive. Using recycled brick powder (RBP) ground from calcined clay brick waste as a green precursor for fabricating ultra-high ductility SHGC promotes the high-value utilization of calcined clay brick waste while decreasing the reliance on conventional mineral precursors such as fly ash (FA) and slag. This investigation systematically studied the microstructural characteristics and mechanical performance of RBP-SHGC. Incorporating RBP as a moderate substitute for FA and slag had negligible influence on the microstructure and geopolymeric products of SHGC, but substituting RBP for high-dosage slag negatively affected the microstructure. The mechanical strength initially rose and then decreased with the increasing substitution ratios of RBP for FA and slag, though RBP-blended SHGC maintained considerable strength even at 100% replacement rates. Substituting RBP for an appropriate proportion of FA and slag improved both the uniaxial tensile strength and strain capacity. The SHGC in which RBP simultaneously replaced 50% of FA and 50% of slag exhibited an ultimate tensile strain comparable to that of the reference SHGC. Raising the alkali-activator modulus and alkali content effectively improved the microstructure and mechanical behavior of RBP-blended SHGC.

应变硬化地聚合物复合材料（SHGC）具有低碳特性和优异的力学性能，但用于制备SHGC的传统前驱体供应有限且价格昂贵。利用从煅烧粘土砖废料中提取的再生砖粉（RBP）作为绿色前驱体制备超高延性SHGC，促进了煅烧粘土砖废料的高价值利用，同时减少了对粉煤灰和矿渣等传统矿物前驱体的依赖。本研究系统地研究了RBP-SHGC的显微组织特征和力学性能。以RBP替代FA和矿渣对SHGC的微观结构和地聚合物产物的影响可以忽略不计，但以RBP替代高用量矿渣对SHGC的微观结构有负面影响。随着RBP对FA和矿渣替代率的增加，机械强度先上升后下降，尽管RBP-混合SHGC在100%替代率下仍保持相当的强度。用RBP代替适当比例的FA和矿渣，提高了单轴抗拉强度和应变能力。RBP同时替代50% FA和50%渣的SHGC的极限拉伸应变与参考SHGC相当。提高碱活化剂模量和碱含量可有效改善rbp -共混SHGC的微观结构和力学性能。

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引用次数: 0

Energy analysis of geomembrane wrinkling caused by temperature rise 温度升高引起土工膜起皱的能量分析

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2026.02.003

Hai Lin , Xinwen Chen , Xian He , Mengxi Huang

High density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes tend to wrinkle and deform as temperature increases, which in turn deteriorates the contact conditions and hydraulic performance of landfill composite bottom liner systems. To clarify geomembrane wrinkle behavior under combined temperature and overburden pressure effects, this study employs the energy conservation principle using a simplified two-dimensional model to theoretically derive and analyze: (1) wrinkle formation due to temperature rise without overburden pressure, (2) wrinkle formation due to temperature rise with overburden pressure, and (3) changes in existing wrinkles caused by pressure. Comparative analysis of theoretical predictions with laboratory-scale model experiments validates the applicability of the energy method for characterizing geomembrane wrinkling behavior. Furthermore, the combined effects of temperature and overlying soil pressure on geomembrane wrinkles are quantitatively elucidated by model calculations. This work provides a theoretical basis and a reference for understanding the formation mechanism of geomembrane wrinkles and for developing corresponding engineering preventive measures.

高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）土工膜随着温度的升高容易起皱和变形，从而使垃圾填埋场复合衬底系统的接触条件和水力性能恶化。为了阐明温度和覆盖层压力共同作用下土工膜的皱折行为，本研究运用能量守恒原理，采用简化的二维模型，从理论上推导和分析了：(1)无覆盖层压力时温升引起的皱折形成，(2)有覆盖层压力时温升引起的皱折形成，以及(3)压力引起的既有皱折变化。理论预测与室内模型实验的对比分析验证了能量法表征土工膜起皱行为的适用性。此外，通过模型计算定量地阐明了温度和上覆土压力对土工膜起皱的共同影响。本研究为了解土工膜起皱的形成机理和制定相应的工程预防措施提供了理论依据和参考。

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引用次数: 0

How Do Projections of Meteorological Droughts Vary Across Models and Regions? 不同模式和地区对气象干旱的预估有何不同？

IF 5.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geophysical Research Letters

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl119644

H. Douville

Quantifying how and where climate change will alter meteorological drought properties is a priority to inform adaptation policies. Here we use the standardized precipitation index to portray future changes in the climatological properties of moderate drought events projected by the latest generation of Earth system models. Beyond the assessment of their mean frequency and intensity, other metrics are explored including length of drought intervals, drought duration, starting date and severity. Two extended 6-month seasons are distinguished starting in October and April, respectively. Consistent changes in drought properties are projected across timescales and seasons. Regional “dry spots” are identified, such as northern South America and the Caribbean Islands, where the median model response shows the largest increase in drought severity, mostly as a result of prolonged duration. Yet, there are many regions where the inter-model spread remains substantial and cannot be reduced by the application of global and regional observational constraints.

量化气候变化将如何以及在何处改变气象干旱特性是为适应政策提供信息的优先事项。在这里，我们使用标准化降水指数来描绘由最新一代地球系统模式预测的中度干旱事件的气候特征的未来变化。除了评估其平均频率和强度之外，还探讨了其他指标，包括干旱间隔的长度、干旱持续时间、开始日期和严重程度。两个延长的6个月的季节分别从10月和4月开始。在不同的时间尺度和季节中预测了干旱特性的一致变化。确定了区域“干旱区”，例如南美洲北部和加勒比群岛，在这些地区，模型响应的中值显示干旱严重程度的增幅最大，主要是由于持续时间延长。然而，在许多地区，模式间的传播仍然很大，不能通过应用全球和区域观测约束来减少。

引用次数: 0

GeoGMI: A generative adversarial framework for virtual 89 GHz microwave brightness temperature retrieval from geo-kompsat-2A infrared observations for tropical cyclone monitoring GeoGMI：一个生成对抗框架，用于从geo-kompsat-2A红外观测中虚拟89 GHz微波亮度温度检索用于热带气旋监测

IF 5.5 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108855

Kyung-Hoon Han, Suna Jo, Sungwook Hong

引用次数: 0

Paleoenvironmental and tectonic evolution of the Salt Range Formation (Salt Range, Western Himalayas, Pakistan): Inference from geochemical characteristics 巴基斯坦西喜马拉雅盐岭古环境与构造演化：地球化学特征的推断

IF 2 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Solid Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.sesci.2026.100291

Waseem Khan , Wang Licheng , Salman Ahmed Khattak , Malik Muhammad Saud Sajid Khan , Junaid Ur Rehman

The Salt Range Formation (SRF) of the western Himalaya in Pakistan provides key information about the late Neoproterozoic (terminal Ediacaran) period, offering clues for understanding the paleoclimate, origin, and tectonic evolution of the northwestern Indian margin, that has not been thoroughly studied. This study integrates field observations and geochemical analyses from six representative stratigraphic sections across the Salt Range, Pakistan. The sandstones of the SRF are compositionally immature, indicated by their SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents, ranging from 44.36 to 61.35 wt.% (average 53.75 wt.%) and 11.7–19.42 wt.% (average 14.46 wt.%), respectively. The Cr/Th ratios (range 3.09–25.52; average 7.02) suggests that the provenance is dominantly influenced by felsic to intermediate continental rocks, with a minor mafic component and limited sedimentary recycling. Weathering indices, including PIA (46.13–98.14 average 78.73) and CIA (45.61–75.89, average 60.24), indicate moderate chemical weathering under semiarid climatic conditions, consistent with evaporite deposition in arid to semiarid environments. The provenance data suggest that the source terrains were relatively proximal, indicating sedimentation in an active tectonic setting. Tectonic reconstructions point to deposition along an evolving active continental margin, which progressively transitioned toward continental collision. This finding sharply contrasts with the traditionally held view of a terminal-Ediacaran passive margin along the northwestern margin of the Indian Plate. Collectively, these finding provide significant new constraints on sediment dispersal, paleoclimate evolution, and tectonic reorganization in northern Gondwana during this pivotal interval in Earth's history.

巴基斯坦西喜马拉雅盐岭组（SRF）提供了新元古代晚期（末埃迪卡拉纪）的重要信息，为了解印度西北部边缘的古气候、起源和构造演化提供了线索，而这些研究尚未深入。本研究综合了来自巴基斯坦盐岭六个代表性地层剖面的实地观测和地球化学分析。砂岩的SiO2和Al2O3含量分别为44.36 ~ 61.35 wt.%（平均53.75 wt.%）和11.7 ~ 19.42 wt.%（平均14.46 wt.%），属于未成熟砂岩。Cr/Th比值（范围3.09 ~ 25.52，平均7.02）表明物源主要受长英质至中陆相岩石的影响，基性成分较少，沉积再循环作用有限。PIA（46.13 ~ 98.14，平均78.73）和CIA（45.61 ~ 75.89，平均60.24）显示半干旱气候条件下的中度化学风化，与干旱~半干旱环境下的蒸发岩沉积相一致。物源资料表明物源地形相对近端，表明其沉积处于活动构造环境。构造重建表明，沉积沿着一个演化的活动大陆边缘，逐渐过渡到大陆碰撞。这一发现与传统上认为沿印度板块西北缘存在埃迪卡拉纪末被动边缘的观点形成鲜明对比。总的来说，这些发现为冈瓦纳北部在地球历史上这一关键时期的沉积物扩散、古气候演化和构造重组提供了重要的新限制。

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引用次数: 0

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