化学最新文献

Objective: (1) To compare older adults stratified by supraspinatus tendon tear status (STT status)-no tear (Intact), partial-thickness (PT) tear, full-thickness (FT) tear-by 3D Dixon fat fraction (3D-FF); 2D fat fraction (2D-FF); and 2D Goutallier grade (2D-GG) at the Y-shaped view, and 1.4 cm and 2.8 cm medial to the Y-shaped view. Stratified by STT status to determine (2) correlation of 3D-FF with 2D-FF and 2D-GG and (3) inter-rater reliability at and medial to the Y-shaped view.

Materials and methods: Forty-five volunteers ≥ 60 years recruited prospectively received shoulder MRI. 3D-FF and 2D-FF were measured on 6-point-Dixon MRI by three trainees. Goutallier grade was assessed on T1-weighted MRI by three fellowship-trained diagnostic radiologists. Descriptive, reliability, and correlation analyses were performed.

Results: Groups showed no difference in age. The FT group showed higher (p < 0.05) mean 3D-FF (14.09% ± 10.99%), mean 2D-FF (1.4 cm medial to Y-shaped view, 14.91% ± 12.11%; 2.8 cm medial to Y-shaped view, 13.32% ± 9.48%), and mean 2D-GG (Y-shaped view, 1.71 ± 0.78; 1.4 cm medial to Y-shaped view, 1.71 ± 0.69; 2.8 cm medial to Y-shaped view, 1.71 ± 0.72), relative to Intact/PT groups. 3D-FF showed strong correlation with 2D-FF among all groups/all analyses (rho, 0.80-0.98; p < 0.001). 3D-FF showed strong correlation with 2D-GG for all FT group analyses (rho, 0.85-0.91; p < 0.05). 3D-FF showed moderate-to-strong correlation considering all Intact/PT group analyses (rho, 0.51-0.79; p < 0.50). Dixon fat fraction showed excellent reliability for all groups (≥ 0.884, intraclass correlation coefficient). Goutallier grade showed excellent reliability for FT group (0.771, weighted Fleiss's kappa) but poor (0.294) and fair (0.502) for Intact and PT groups, respectively.

Conclusion: Single slice MR image estimation of 3D supraspinatus intramuscular fatty infiltration has merit for continued use in clinical populations requiring potential rotator-cuff-repair surgery. However, Dixon fat fraction should be prioritized for use in research over Goutallier grade due to superior reliability.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of shoulder adhesive capsulitis (AC) signs on MR studies of patients with various common shoulder conditions.

Methods: MR images of 316 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups: controls (66 patients), clinical AC (63 patients), and study group (187 patients). The final diagnosis of AC was reached clinically. The study group was composed of patients with focal and massive rotator cuff tears, active hydroxyapatite deposition disease, fractures around the shoulder, and post-surgery. The following AC signs were evaluated: inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) thickening; coracohumeral ligament (CHL) thickening; and hyperintensity of the inferior glenohumeral ligament, which was graded in four classes.

Results: The IGHL signal intensity was statistically higher in patients with fractures than in controls (P = 0.008). There was no statistically significant difference in IGHL signal between the AC group and patients with massive rotator cuff tears and active hydroxyapatite deposition disease (P > 0.1). IGHL thickness in patients with fractures, massive rotator ruptures, and active hydroxyapatite deposition disease was significantly higher compared to controls (P < 0.02) and significantly lower compared to the AC group (P < 0.0001). Based on these findings, a grading system for fibro-inflammatory capsular changes is proposed.

Conclusion: MR AC signs are frequent in patients with shoulder conditions other than AC; however, in these patients, capsular changes are less prominent than in patients with clinical AC.

Fabricating suitable porous carbon materials that are simultaneously applied in various electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems including supercapacitors (SCs) and lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) has an important significance in meeting the increasing demands in high energy density, high power density along with ultra-long life. Herein, cubic hierarchical porous carbon (CHPC) with abundant micro-mesoporous structures and moderate S, N co-doped atoms has been rationally designed by using MgO cubes as the templates and waste tire pyrolysis oil (WTPO) as carbon source and dopant. Attributed to the unique microstructures, the CHPC materials have been successfully utilized in different EES systems. In the aqueous electrolyte system, the assembled CHPC-2//CHPC-2 with 2 mg cm^-2 delivered high specific capacitance of 199.0 at 1 A/g, along with 98.5 % capacity retention rate for 20,000 cycles at 6 A/g. Even at high mass loading of 12 mg cm^-2, CHPC-12//CHPC-12 still can deliver high gravimetric and areal capacitances of 187.0 F g^-1 and 2.24 F cm^-2 at 10 A/g, showing an excellent high-loading performance. Even under extreme conditions of -40 and 60 °C, the assembled SCs still can deliver an ultrahigh capacity retention rate of 97.9 % and 100 % at 10 A/g for 2000 and 8000 cycles, respectively. In addition, the symmetric CHPC//CHPC LICs also have been assembled and displayed a maximal energy density of 133.5 Wh Kg^-1 at 1178.2 W Kg^-1. This work provides new insight into the high-value utilization of WTPO for prepared porous carbon with excellent electrochemical performance in various EES systems.

The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) significantly hinders the practical application of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a high-entropy hydroxyphosphate (Co_0.29Ni_0.15Fe_0.33Cu_0.16Ca_3.9(PO₄)₃(OH), denoted as HE-CHP), was synthesized by metal cation exchange with calcium hydroxyphosphate (CHP) and then coated on polypropylene (PP) separators to suppress the shuttling of LiPSs. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the various introduced metal cations could effectively modulate the binding strength of soluble polysulfides and enhance the reaction kinetics of LiPSs conversion. As a result, LSBs using the HE-CHP@PP separator exhibited an excellent discharge capacity (1297 mAh g^-1 under 0.2 C) and a slow capacity decay during long-term cycling (0.046 % per cycle at 2 C). At a sulfur loading of up to 6.5 mg cm^-2, the LSB with HE-CHP@PP separator displayed a discharge capacity of 5.8 mAh cm^-2. Notably, the CNT@S||Li Li-S pouch cell with HE-CHP modified separator delivered an initial energy density of 432 Wh kg^-1.

Vanadium-based oxides have good application prospects in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their structures suitable for zinc ion extraction and intercalation. However, their poor conductivity limits their further development. The d-band center plays a key role in promoting adsorption of ions, which promotes the development of electrode materials. Here, a series of MoV₂O₈ compounds with oxygen defect (O_d-MoV₂O₈) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process and a subsequent vacuum calcination process through strict control of the deoxidation time. Theoretical calculations reveal that the abundant oxygen vacancies in MoV₂O₈ effectively regulate the d-band center of the zinc ion adsorption site. This precise control of the d-band center enhances the zinc ion adsorption energy of MoV₂O₈, lowers the migration energy barrier for zinc ions, and ultimately significantly boosts zinc storage performance. The specific capacity is as high as 282.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 A/g, and it also shows excellent performance and outstanding cycle life. In addition, the maximum energy density of O_d-MVO-0.5 (MoV₂O₈ sample deoxidized for 0.5 h) is 343.3 Wh kg^-1. Importantly, the mechanism of Zn²⁺ storage in O_d-MoV₂O₈ was revealed by the combination of in situ and ex situ characterization techniques.

The efficiency of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is hindered by the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This study developed a composite photoanode for water oxidation by incorporating ternary LDHs (ZnCoAl-LDH) onto Ti-Fe₂O₃ as a cocatalyst. The ZnCoAl-LDH/Ti-Fe₂O₃ photoanode achieved a photocurrent density of 3.51 mA/cm² at 1.23 V vs. RHE, which is 9.8 times higher than that of bare Ti-Fe₂O₃. Through a series of characterizations, the synergistic effects among the three metals were revealed. Furthermore, the addition of Zn can induce the formation of more high-valent Co, increasing the conductivity of CoAl-LDH and significantly reducing the surface charge transfer resistance. These advantages significantly enhance the injection efficiency of ZnCoAl-LDH/Ti-Fe₂O₃ (82 %), thereby accelerating the OER kinetics of Ti-Fe₂O₃. Our work introduces new approaches for selecting photoelectrochemical cocatalysts and designing high-performance photoanodes for water splitting.

The practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZBs) as attractive energy storage devices is severely hampered by the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth on the metal anode. Here, a lightweight and flexible free-standing membrane of MXene/Ag nanowires (AgNWs) was synthesized via vacuum filtration to support the zinc anode. The 3D cross-linked network structure provides ample space for densely packed zinc electrodeposition. Zincophilic AgNWs that exhibit a low lattice plane mismatch with zinc lower the nucleation barrier for zinc, inducing uniform nucleation and lateral growth of zinc on the substrate. In addition, the 3D network framework effectively reduces the local current density and area capacity of the anode, creating a uniform electric field that is not conducive to zinc dendrite formation. Consequently, the highly reversible Zn@MXene/AgNWs composite anode exhibits long cycle stability of 1000 h at 2.0 mA cm^-2, 1.0 mAh cm^-2 in the symmetrical battery. The full battery assembled with a sodium vanadate (NVO) cathode demonstrates excellent rate performance and long cycle life (2000 cycles at 5.0 A/g). The design of zincophilic hosts with high lattice plane matching provides a promising strategy for realizing dendrite-free zinc anodes for AZBs.