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2011 12th Intl. Conf. on Thermal, Mechanical & Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems最新文献

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Reliability of semiconductor devices - The need for simulation 半导体器件的可靠性-模拟的需要
W. Kanert
Reliability requirements for semiconductor devices have increased tremendously in the past years. However, product qualification is still dominated by standard stress test procedures. Despite improved approaches that have entered the discussion recently, testing alone will not suffice to prove very low failure rates. Understanding of the device behaviour together with physical modelling is indispensable. Simulation plays a key role in this undertaking.
在过去的几年中,对半导体器件的可靠性要求大大增加。然而,产品鉴定仍然由标准的压力测试程序主导。尽管最近讨论了改进的方法,但是单独的测试不足以证明非常低的故障率。理解设备的行为和物理建模是必不可少的。仿真在这项工作中起着关键作用。
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引用次数: 1
Thermo-mechanical assessment of solar cell displacement with respect to the viscoelastic behaviour of the encapsulant 太阳能电池位移与包封剂粘弹性行为的热力学评估
M. Pander, S. Dietrich, S. Schulze, U. Eitner, M. Ebert
This paper is proposed to enhance the mechanical simulation model for crystalline solar modules by implementing the viscoelastic behaviour of the encapsulation material ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). The material is characterized by thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) experiments. Utilizing time-temperature superposition techniques a master-curve is constructed and the coefficients for the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF)-function are determined. This experimental data is transfered into a numerical representation and validated with creep bending tests of glass-polymer-glass-laminates. In the final step the viscoelastic model is used for calculating the cell displacement during the lamination process, followed by thermal cycling. The results for thermal cycling are compared with an optical cell-displacement measurement within a photovoltaic (PV) module [1].
本文提出了通过实现封装材料EVA的粘弹性特性来增强晶体太阳能组件的力学模拟模型。通过热力学分析(TMA)实验对材料进行了表征。利用时间-温度叠加技术构造了一条主曲线,并确定了Williams-Landel-Ferry函数的系数。将实验数据转换为数值形式,并通过玻璃聚合物-玻璃层合板的蠕变弯曲试验进行验证。最后一步采用粘弹性模型计算层合过程中细胞的位移,然后进行热循环。热循环的结果与光伏(PV)模块[1]内的光学电池位移测量结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 20
A model for static and dynamic thermal analysis of thin film MEMS structures including the thermal conductivity of the surrounding gas 薄膜MEMS结构的静态和动态热分析模型,包括周围气体的热导率
G. de Graaf, Huaiwen Wu, R. Wolffenbuttel
In this work an analytical model for static and dynamic thermal analysis of heated thin bridges, membranes or cantilevers is presented. The analysis includes the thermal conductivity of the surrounding gas, which cannot be neglected in most MEMS devices. The model is based on Laplace transformation of the heat equations and on the Thermal Quadrupole Method. A one-dimensional approximation using these methods results in practical sets of equations that can be roughly evaluated by hand for feasibility studies of a design. Further evaluation can be done by some basic matrix operations, e.g. analytically by Mathematica or numerically using MATLAB. Plots of these functions can provide the designer with insight on the thermal behavior of the structure, without the use of finite element calculations.
在这项工作中,提出了加热薄桥,薄膜或悬臂梁的静态和动态热分析的分析模型。分析包括了周围气体的热导率,这在大多数MEMS器件中是不能忽视的。该模型基于热方程的拉普拉斯变换和热四极杆法。使用这些方法的一维近似可以得到一组实际的方程,这些方程可以手工粗略地评估设计的可行性研究。进一步的评估可以通过一些基本的矩阵运算来完成,例如用Mathematica进行分析或用MATLAB进行数值计算。这些函数的曲线图可以为设计者提供对结构热性能的洞察,而无需使用有限元计算。
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引用次数: 0
Design of athermalized proximity coupled (APC) synthetic green laser opto-electronic package for microprojector displays: Numerical modeling and experiments 微投影仪显示用热化接近耦合(APC)合成绿色激光光电封装设计:数值模拟与实验
S. Chaparala, V. Bhagavatula, J. Himmelreich
Micro-projector based displays are proposed for information display for a number of consumer devices. These displays would provide larger images than existing fixed Liquid crystal displays. The two major components of micro-projector technology are the Light source and the Imaging technology. Three primary colors, red, blue and green are required to create full color images. The light sources in the projection technology would be semiconductor devices that emit these colors. These devices could be either light emitting diodes (LEDs) or lasers. To enable the laser based projection technology, red and blue lasers are commerically available. Native semiconductor green lasers are still in development. As an alternative, synthetic green light can be produced by passing 1060nm infra-red light emitted from a GaAs based semiconductor laser diode (LD) through second harmonic generation (SHG) crystal, thereby emitting the green light at 530 nm. The current research work proposes bringing the SHG structure in close proximity to the LD, thereby eliminating the use of any optics in between. The proximity coupling approach promises to reduce the number of package components and process cost significantly. This paper presents the mechanical package design, coefficient of thermal expansion based displacement estimates, thermal analysis wherein the thermal impedance is predicted and measured, thermo-mechanical analysis wherein the thermo-mechanical stresses and strains are predicted. Shock modeling has been done to understand the displacements of the waveguides during the shock event. Optical modeling is performed to estimate the coupling efficiency change as a function of lateral and longitudinal offset between the LD and SHG waveguides. Finally, an assembled package that generated green light using this design is presented.
基于微型投影仪的显示器被提出用于许多消费设备的信息显示。这些显示器将比现有的固定液晶显示器提供更大的图像。微型投影仪技术的两个主要组成部分是光源和成像技术。三种原色,红色,蓝色和绿色需要创建全彩色图像。投影技术中的光源将是发射这些颜色的半导体设备。这些装置可以是发光二极管(led)或激光器。为了实现基于激光的投影技术,红色和蓝色激光器已经商业化。本土半导体绿色激光器仍在发展中。作为一种替代方案,可以将GaAs基半导体激光二极管(LD)发出的1060nm红外光通过二次谐波产生(SHG)晶体,从而发出530 nm的绿光,从而产生合成绿光。目前的研究工作建议将SHG结构靠近LD,从而消除在两者之间使用任何光学器件。接近耦合方法有望显著减少封装组件的数量和工艺成本。本文介绍了机械封装设计、基于位移估计的热膨胀系数、热分析(其中预测和测量热阻抗)、热力学分析(其中预测热力学应力和应变)。为了了解在激波事件中波导的位移,我们进行了激波建模。通过光学建模来估计耦合效率随LD和SHG波导横向和纵向偏移量的变化。最后,给出了一个使用该设计产生绿光的组装封装。
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引用次数: 0
Local strength measurement technique for miniaturised silicon-based components 小型化硅基元件局部强度测量技术
M. Deluca, R. Bermejo, M. Pletz, M. Morianz, J. Stahr, P. Supancic, R. Danzer
The ongoing trend to further miniaturise electronic devices in Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technologies has pointed out the embedding of components as a principal design strategy. The reliability of the PCB relies on the functionality of the embedded components as well as on their structural integrity in order to survive the embedding process. In the present work, the biaxial strength of metallised silicon chips used in PCB technologies has been tested on both the substrate and the metallised side, evidencing a significant influence of the metallic contacts on the strength and the mechanical reliability of the component. Specimens tested with the metallised side under tension underwent an early failure (lower fracture load), whereby a statistical analysis of the strength distribution evidenced the presence of a narrower critical defect size distribution (i.e. higher mechanical reliability). This phenomenon was explained by means of (i) finite elements (FE) simulations of the loading conditions, and (ii) Focussed Ion Beam (FIB) analyses of the metal-silicon interface. It was concluded that the presence of a stress concentration in the interfacial area during loading induces pre-cracks which can act as critical defects upon load enhancement, thus causing failure for a very well defined range of loads.
在印刷电路板(PCB)技术中,电子器件进一步小型化的趋势指出,嵌入元件是一种主要的设计策略。PCB的可靠性依赖于嵌入组件的功能以及它们的结构完整性,以便在嵌入过程中幸存下来。在目前的工作中,在PCB技术中使用的金属化硅芯片的双轴强度已经在基板和金属化侧进行了测试,证明金属接触对组件的强度和机械可靠性有重大影响。在拉伸下,金属化侧的试样经历了早期的破坏(较低的断裂载荷),因此强度分布的统计分析证明了存在更窄的临界缺陷尺寸分布(即更高的机械可靠性)。这一现象通过(i)加载条件的有限元(FE)模拟和(ii)金属硅界面的聚焦离子束(FIB)分析来解释。由此得出结论,加载过程中界面区域应力集中的存在导致了预裂纹,而预裂纹在加载增强时可以作为关键缺陷,从而导致在一个非常明确的载荷范围内失效。
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引用次数: 4
Impact of the solder joint ageing on IGBT I–V characteristics using 2D physical simulations 利用二维物理模拟研究焊点老化对IGBT I-V特性的影响
E. Marcault, M. Breil, A. Bourennane, P. Tounsi, P. Dupuy
Based on 2D mechanical and physical simulations, we explore the impact of solder joint ageing at the origin of power assembly failures, on the electrical characteristics of multi IGBT cells. Electrical characteristics variations are analyzed with the aim of using them for health monitoring of embedded power assemblies.
基于二维力学和物理模拟,我们探讨了电源组件故障起源处的焊点老化对多个IGBT电池电气特性的影响。分析了电特性变化,目的是将其用于嵌入式电源组件的健康监测。
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引用次数: 3
Hydrogen-passivated graphene antidot structures for thermoelectric applications 热电应用的氢钝化石墨烯反点结构
H. Karamitaheri, M. Pourfath, R. Faez, H. Kosina
In this work, we present a theoretical investigation of the thermal conductivity of hydrogen-passivated graphene antidot lattices. Using a fourth nearest-neighbor force constant method, we evaluate the phonon dispersion of hydrogen-passivated graphene antidot lattices with circular, hexagonal, rectangular and triangular shapes. Ballistic transport models are used to evaluate the thermal conductivity. The calculations indicate that the thermal conductivity of hydrogen-passivated graphene antidot lattices can be one fourth of that of a pristine graphene sheet. This reduction is stronger for right-triangular and iso-triangular antidots among others, all with the same area, due to longer boundaries and the smallest distance between the neighboring dots.
在这项工作中,我们提出了氢钝化石墨烯反点阵的导热性的理论研究。利用第四近邻力常数法,我们评估了圆形、六边形、矩形和三角形氢钝化石墨烯反点晶格的声子色散。用弹道输运模型来计算导热系数。计算表明,氢钝化石墨烯反点阵的导热系数可以是原始石墨烯片的四分之一。由于边界较长,相邻点之间的距离较小,因此对于具有相同面积的直角三角形和等三角形反点来说,这种减少更强。
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引用次数: 0
Electrothermal prediction model of Cu low k interconnection on glass substrate 玻璃基板上Cu -低k互连的电热预测模型
L. Siegert, G. Fiannaca, F. Roqueta, G. Gautier, C. Anceau
The aim of this work is to determine a joule heating prediction model for thick copper/Low-k interconnects on glass substrate technology. Experiments and simulations have been used to define thermal conductivities of our stack material from thermal resistance study. In a second time, the thermal resistance is used as quantitative response to predict the joule temperature in the strip. The experimental Rthermic results are well fit with a quadratic model which combined with the thermal coefficient of resistance formalism; allow us to define an analytical temperature joule heating formula. This methodology to define an analytical joule heating formula can be widely used to determine the maximum operating conditions and can be implemented in design rules manuals.
本工作的目的是确定玻璃基板上厚铜/低k互连技术的焦耳加热预测模型。通过热阻研究,用实验和模拟方法确定了堆材料的导热系数。第二次用热阻作为定量响应来预测带材的焦耳温度。实验结果与结合热阻系数的二次模型拟合较好;允许我们定义一个解析的温度焦耳加热公式。这种定义解析焦耳加热公式的方法可广泛用于确定最大工作条件,并可在设计规则手册中实施。
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引用次数: 0
Electromigration, fuse and thermo-mechanical performance of solder bump versus Cu pillar flip chip assemblies 电迁移,熔断器和热机械性能的焊料碰撞与铜柱倒装芯片组件
B. Vandevelde, R. Labie, V. Cherman, T. Webers, C. Winters, E. Beyne, F. Dosseul
Two different flip chip bump configurations have been investigated in terms of their thermo-mechanical, electromigration and fusing behaviour. Standard SAC (SnAgCu) solder bumps with a Ni/Au finish on the chip side are compared with Cu pillar bumps soldered with a thin layer of SnAg alloy. For the test structure, the flip chip assembly is integrated in a BGA package. Finite Element Modelling is used to support the experimental work and explain some of the conclusions.
研究了两种不同的倒装芯片碰撞结构的热力学、电迁移和熔合行为。标准SAC (SnAgCu)焊料凸点与芯片侧Ni/Au涂层的铜柱凸点进行了比较,并焊接了一层薄薄的SnAg合金。对于测试结构,倒装芯片组件集成在BGA封装中。有限元模型被用来支持实验工作和解释一些结论。
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引用次数: 2
A multi-scale approach to the thermo-mechanical behaviour of silica-filled epoxies for electronic packaging 电子封装用硅填充环氧树脂热机械性能的多尺度方法
E. Weltevreden, M. Erinc, S. Tesarski, A. Wymyslowski, A. Mavinkurve, A. Giele
Delamination of mating interfaces can cause serious reliability problems in different application areas. The causes of delamination are multiple. In the case of leadframe-based chip packages, a critical interface is that between the leadframe and the moulding compound. Delamination can magnify stress levels at the interface and can lead to fatigue of interconnects.
在不同的应用领域,配对接口的分层会导致严重的可靠性问题。分层的原因是多方面的。在基于引线框架的芯片封装的情况下,一个关键的接口是引线框架和成型化合物之间的接口。分层可以放大界面上的应力水平,并可能导致互连的疲劳。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2011 12th Intl. Conf. on Thermal, Mechanical & Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems
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