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Mushroom-Related Ethnomycological, Ethnomedical, and Socio-Economic Practices in Nigeria. 尼日利亚与蘑菇有关的人种学、人种医学和社会经济实践。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023049043
Elias Mjaika Ndifon, Chidiebere Prince Osuji Emeka, Paul Inyang

Native mushrooms are valuable non-timber forest products used worldwide, although they are under-exploited in Africa. This study focused on evaluating ethnomycological practices in Nigeria. The study was based on structured questionnaires in three of Nigeria's six geopolitical regions. Findings revealed that mycophagy is not a gender-based activity (P ≤ 0.05) in all the sites assessed. There were no significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the sites evaluated, but the responses were quite different. Most interviewees (75.6%) ate mushrooms. Mushrooms were predominantly associated with delicious taste, exotic aroma, and flavor (37.0%), a meat substitute (37.0%), medicinal resources (20.3%). Among the principal medicinal mushrooms are Lentinus squarrosulus, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Ganoderma lucidum, Auricularia auricula-judae, and Agaricus campestris. Among the most important edible mushrooms are L. squarrosulus and Termitomyces titanicus, Russula meleagris, A. campestris, and A. auricula-judae. The main edible and medicinal dual-use mushrooms are L. squarrosulus, P. tuber-regium, Lactifluus inversus, Polyporus officinalis, and T. titanicus. Women and children (78.2%) are the major collectors/gatherers of mushrooms. The mushrooms are utilized to treat skin problems (21.5%), high blood pressure (12.3%), as blood tonic (9.2%), to treat fever and measles (13.8%), and diabetes (13.1%). Preservation practices include mainly direct sun-drying (48.7%) or washing and then sun-drying (27.8%). Mushrooms are consumed with 'fufu' (cereal-boiled cakes) (48.0%), and 'gari' (cassava-boiled cakes) (15.7%). Mushrooms are often made in soup (44.1%), cooked with meat (15.3%), or with vegetables (28.0%). Respondents were able to differentiate between toxic mushrooms and were familiar with some mushroom-related myths.

本地蘑菇是世界范围内使用的宝贵的非木材林产品,尽管它们在非洲的开发不足。这项研究的重点是评估尼日利亚的人种学实践。这项研究基于尼日利亚六个地缘政治地区中的三个地区的结构化问卷调查。结果显示,在所有评估的位点中,真菌吞噬不是基于性别的活动(P≤0.05)。各评价位点间差异无统计学意义(P≤0.05),但反应差异较大。大多数受访者(75.6%)吃蘑菇。蘑菇主要与美味、香气和风味(37.0%)、肉类替代品(37.0%)和药用资源(20.3%)相关。主要的药用蘑菇有香菇、平菇、灵芝、黑木耳和野蘑菇。其中最重要的食用菌是白蚁菌、白蚁菌、黑孢菌、黑斑孢菌和朱耳孢菌。食用菌和药用菌的主要品种有:方乳菌、大黄芽孢菌、逆行乳菌、officinalis Polyporus和T. titanicus。妇女和儿童(78.2%)是蘑菇的主要收集者/采集者。用于治疗皮肤问题(21.5%)、高血压(12.3%)、补血(9.2%)、发烧和麻疹(13.8%)、糖尿病(13.1%)等。保存方法主要包括直接晒干(48.7%)或清洗后再晒干(27.8%)。蘑菇与“fufu”(谷物煮蛋糕)(48.0%)和“gari”(木薯煮蛋糕)(15.7%)一起食用。蘑菇通常被做成汤(44.1%),和肉一起煮(15.3%),或者和蔬菜一起煮(28.0%)。受访者能够区分有毒蘑菇,并熟悉一些与蘑菇有关的神话。
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引用次数: 0
Appraisal of Antioxidant Potential and Natural Bioactive Compound Determination through HPLC from Two Saprotrophic Amanita (Agaricomycetes) Species from Pakistan. 巴基斯坦两种腐养型毒伞菌抗氧化活性评价及天然生物活性成分的HPLC测定。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023048392
Muniba Shafique, Abdul Rehman Niazi, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Zaheer

The present study was carried out to investigate and identify bioactive compounds along with antioxidant capacity, total flavonoids and total phenolic contents from two saprophytic Amanita species, i.e., mushrooms A. manicata (Berk. & Broome) Pegler and A. nana Singer. Antioxidant potential was assessed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Both mushrooms were found to possess antioxidants and wide range of phenolics and bioactive compounds. There was maximum percent inhibition (83.2 ± 0.120%) on DPPH by A. manicata. However, maximum percent inhibition using ABTS was found to be 79.5 ± 0.251% by A. nana. Similarly, A. nana possesses maximum amount of both flavonoids and phenolics i.e., 0.3473 ± 0.0088 mg/100 g of catechin and 0.097 ± 0.0011 mg/100 g of GAE equivalent, respectively. Both mushrooms exhibited a variety of natural compounds such as P-coumaric acid, M-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, ferulic acid etc. Ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and cinnamic acid were also detected in A. manicata. A. manicata exhibited best and greater antiradical potential than A. nana due the presence of excessive natural bioactive compounds. From the reported results, it was revealed that both inedible mushrooms could be a potential source of antioxidants and secondary metabolites and might be used for making novel drugs in future by pharmaceutical industries.

本研究对腐生毒伞属蘑菇A. manicata (Berk.)的活性成分、抗氧化能力、总黄酮和总酚含量进行了研究和鉴定。&布鲁姆)佩格勒和A.娜娜辛格。通过DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶肼基)自由基清除能力和ABTS(2,2'-氮基-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)测定、总酚类物质和类黄酮测定来评估其抗氧化能力。这两种蘑菇都含有抗氧化剂和广泛的酚类物质和生物活性化合物。马齿苋对DPPH的抑制率最高(83.2±0.120%)。ABTS的最大抑菌率为79.5±0.251%。同样,黄酮类化合物和酚类物质含量最高,分别为0.3473±0.0088 mg/100 g儿茶素和0.097±0.0011 mg/100 g GAE当量。两种蘑菇均含有对香豆酸、间香豆酸、苯甲酸、阿魏酸等多种天然化合物。马甲中还检出阿魏酸、绿原酸和肉桂酸。由于含有较多的天然活性物质,马齿苋表现出较强的抗自由基能力。从报道的结果来看,这两种不可食用蘑菇都可能是抗氧化剂和次生代谢物的潜在来源,并可能在未来被制药工业用于制造新药。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Cultivation Methods on the Nutritional Content, Active Component Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Fruiting Bodies of Sanghuangporus baumii (Agaricomycetes). 不同培养方式对桑黄孢菌子实体营养成分、有效成分含量及抗氧化活性的影响
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023048534
Lizhong Fu, Jiling Song, Na Lu, Jing Yan, Jiayao Lin, Weike Wang

To provide a scientific reference for improving the sawdust cultivation of Sanghuangporus baumii, comparative studies were conducted on the contents of nutritional components and active components and the antioxidant activity of the fruiting bodies of S. baumii cultivated with sawdust and cut logs. The results indicate that, first, cultivation methods had little effect on the contents of crude fat and the measured 16 kinds of amino acids [including total essential amino acids (EAA), total nonessential amino acids (NEAA), EAA/NEAA, and EAA/total amino acid (TAA)], but had a great influence on the contents of crude protein, crude fiber and TAA. These results suggest that the nutritional content under sawdust cultivation was significantly higher than that under cut-log cultivation. Second, the cultivation methods had little effect on the content of triterpenoids but had a great effect on the contents of polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total phenols, which showed that cut-log cultivation was significantly higher than sawdust cultivation. Third, the cultivation methods had a great effect on the antioxidant activities (ABTS and FRAP), which showed that cut-log cultivation was significantly higher than sawdust cultivation. The contents of polysaccharides, total flavonoids, and total phenols and the ABTS and FRAP activities using sawdust cultivation were lower than those using cut-log cultivation, which may be related to the mushroom strains, cultivation medium formula and cultivation technology. The results provide a solid basis for the improvement and promotion of new cultivation technologies for S. baumii.

为了为提高桑黄孢的木屑栽培技术提供科学依据,本文对桑黄孢的营养成分、有效成分含量和子实体抗氧化活性进行了比较研究。结果表明:①培养方式对粗脂肪含量及测定的16种氨基酸[包括总必需氨基酸(EAA)、总非必需氨基酸(NEAA)、EAA/NEAA和EAA/总氨基酸(TAA)]含量影响不大,但对粗蛋白质、粗纤维和TAA含量影响较大;由此可见,木屑栽培的营养成分显著高于伐木栽培。(2)不同栽培方式对三萜含量影响不大,但对多糖、总黄酮和总酚含量影响较大,其中砍枝栽培显著高于木屑栽培。(3)不同栽培方式对抗氧化活性(ABTS和FRAP)有较大影响,其中伐木栽培显著高于木屑栽培。木屑栽培菇多糖、总黄酮、总酚含量及ABTS和FRAP活性均低于切条栽培,这可能与菌种、培养基配方和栽培工艺有关。研究结果为鲍氏菌栽培新技术的改良和推广提供了坚实的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Isolation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Melanin from Auricularia auricula (Agaricomycetes). 黑木耳中黑色素的分离、表征及抗氧化活性研究。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023048271
Qianwen Shi, Zeen Yang, Renhui Fan, Jialei Chu, Chenlu Fang, Yusi Zhang, Wenting Shi, Yongjun Zhang

The cell wall of Auricularia auricula fruit bodies is extremely tough, making it difficult to dissolve the melanin using the traditional preparation method. To investigate the efficient preparation of melanin and its resistance to oxidative stress, this paper first used ultrasound-assisted alkaline cellulase to optimize the optimal wall-breaking parameters through a Box-Behnken design based on a single-factor experiment. After optimization, the yield of melanin from A. auricula reached 3.201 ± 0.018%. Then, different types and different proportions of deep eutectic solvents (DES) were used for further extraction. When choline chloride and urea were selected and the ratio was 1:2, the melanin yield was up to 25.99% ± 2.36%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the melanin was amorphous mass with no crystal structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the melanin was mainly composed of C (5.38%), O (15.69%) and N (30.29%), as was the typical composition of eumelanin. The melanin had a concentration-dependent relationship with both ABTS+ and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability; at the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, it significantly prolonged Caenorhabditis elegans survival under hydrogen peroxide and methyl viologen stress and increased the glutathione level and enzyme (total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities in vivo compared with the negative control (P < 0.05), indicating that the melanin enhances oxidative stress resistance in C. elegans.

黑木耳子实体的细胞壁非常坚韧,用传统的制备方法很难溶解黑色素。为了考察黑色素的高效制备及其抗氧化应激能力,本文首先利用超声辅助碱性纤维素酶,在单因素实验的基础上,通过Box-Behnken设计优化最佳破壁参数。优化后,木耳中黑色素的得率为3.201±0.018%。然后,采用不同类型、不同比例的深共晶溶剂(DES)进行进一步萃取。选择氯化胆碱与尿素的比例为1:2时,黑色素得率可达25.99%±2.36%。扫描电镜(SEM)显示黑色素为无定形物质,无晶体结构。x射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析显示,黑色素主要由C(5.38%)、O(15.69%)和N(30.29%)组成,为真黑色素的典型成分。黑色素与ABTS+和羟自由基清除能力均呈浓度依赖性;在0.5 mg/mL浓度下,与阴性对照相比,显著延长了秀丽隐杆线虫在过氧化氢和紫甲基胁迫下的存活时间,提高了体内谷胱甘肽水平和酶(总超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶)活性(P < 0.05),表明黑色素增强了秀丽隐杆线虫抗氧化应激能力。
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引用次数: 0
Extraction, Characterization, and In Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity of a Neutral Polysaccharide from the New Medicinal Mushroom Cantharellus yunnanensis (Agaricomycetes). 新型药用蘑菇云南Cantharellus yunnanensis中性多糖的提取、表征及体外降糖活性研究。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023049072
Zhang-Chao Pan, Yu-Zhuo Zhang, Zhi-Qun Liang, Yong Wang, Nian-Kai Zeng

Polysaccharides serve as promising ingredients for health-beneficial functional foods, while there were no investigations into the structural characterizations and bioactivities of an edible mushroom Cantharellus yunnanensis. In the study, crude polysaccharides from this mushroom were extracted by hot water and isolated by ethanol precipitation. Then, a neutral polysaccharide (named CY-1) was purified from the crude polysaccharide by deproteinization with Sevag reagent, decolorization with a kind of macroporous adsorption resin SP-825, DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography and dialysis. The physicochemical properties of CY-1 were characterized by UV, IR, SEM, NMR, and HPLC analyses. Structural characterizations revealed that CY-1 is a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 3.06 × 104 Da. CY-1 exhibited a honeycomb structure with an irregular branching shape, and it was composed of mannose, glucose, fucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid, with molar fractions of 54.83%, 25.11%, 10.28% 4.53%, 2.12%, 1.64%, 0.83%, and 0.64%, respectively. In vitro hypoglycemic tests showed that CY-1 had an inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. In addition, CY-1 of 160 µg/mL promoted glucose consumption in normal HepG2 cells. These results suggested that CY-1 may be a potential hypoglycemic agent.

多糖是一种很有前景的保健功能食品原料,但对云南Cantharellus yunnanensis食用菌的结构特征和生物活性研究尚不深入。本研究采用热水提取粗多糖,乙醇沉淀法分离粗多糖。然后,通过Sevag试剂脱蛋白、SP-825大孔吸附树脂脱色、DEAE-52纤维素柱层析,从粗多糖中纯化出中性多糖CY-1。CY-1的理化性质通过紫外、红外、扫描电镜、核磁共振、高效液相色谱等分析表征。结构表征表明CY-1是一种平均分子量为3.06 × 104 Da的均质杂多糖。CY-1呈不规则分枝状的蜂窝状结构,由甘露糖、葡萄糖、焦糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成,摩尔分数分别为54.83%、25.11%、10.28%、4.53%、2.12%、1.64%、0.83%和0.64%。体外降糖实验表明CY-1对α-葡萄糖苷酶有抑制作用。160µg/mL CY-1能促进正常HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗。这些结果提示CY-1可能是一种潜在的降糖药。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical Characterization and Biological Functions of Hot Alkali-Soluble Crude Polysaccharide from the Water-Insoluble Residue of Macrocybe lobayensis (Agaricomycetes) Fruit Bodies. lobaymacrocybe lobayensis (Agaricomycetes)子实体水不溶残渣热碱溶粗多糖的化学特性和生物学功能。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023048522
Somanjana Khatua, Krishnendu Acharya

Macrocybe lobayensis owe popularity in several traditional cultures not only for delectable taste but also for its nutraceutical profile conveying great health benefits. Previous investigations have enumerated several bioactivities of the valuable mushroom such as antioxidant, anti-ageing, immune-modulation, and anti-tumor properties where polysaccharides played the key role. Macrofungi polymers are generally isolated by the conventional hot water process discarding the residue which still contains plenty of therapeutic components. The present study thus aimed to re-use such leftover of the edible macrofungus by immersing it in NaOH solution at high temperature supporting circular economy. Consequently a polysaccharide fraction, namely ML-HAP, was isolated that was found to be consisted of a homogenous heteropolysaccharide with molecular weight of ~ 128 kDa and β-glucan as the chief ingredient as evident by spectroscopy, gel-permeation chromatography, high performance thin-layer chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared. Antioxidant activity assays revealed that the macromolecules possess good radical scavenging, metal ion binding and reducing power. Nevertheless, strong immune-potentiation was also recorded as the extract triggered murine macrophage cell viability, pinocytosis, nitric oxide production and morpho-dynamics within 24 h where the best effect was executed at the level of 100 µg/mL. Altogether, the polysaccharides extracted from M. lobayensis exhibited a potent application prospect in functional food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and health care industries that could raise economic value of the underexplored mushroom.

大葱在许多传统文化中都很受欢迎,不仅因为它的美味,而且因为它的营养成分对健康有很大的好处。以往的研究已经列举了几种有价值的生物活性,如抗氧化、抗衰老、免疫调节和抗肿瘤等特性,其中多糖起着关键作用。大型真菌聚合物一般是通过传统的热水工艺分离,丢弃残渣,其中仍含有大量的治疗成分。因此,本研究旨在通过在高温氢氧化钠溶液中浸泡来重复利用食用真菌的剩余物,以支持循环经济。通过光谱学、凝胶渗透色谱、高效薄层色谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析,分离得到分子量为~ 128 kDa的均质杂多糖ML-HAP,主要成分为β-葡聚糖。抗氧化活性测定表明,该大分子具有良好的自由基清除能力、金属离子结合能力和还原能力。然而,强免疫增强也被记录下来,因为提取物在24小时内触发小鼠巨噬细胞活力、胞饮、一氧化氮产生和形态动力学,其中在100 μ g/mL水平下效果最佳。综上所述,从罗贝菌中提取的多糖在功能食品、制药、营养保健和保健等方面具有良好的应用前景,可提高未开发蘑菇的经济价值。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence, Biological and Enzymatic Activities of Agaricomycetes from the Brazilian Amazon - A Systematic Review. 巴西亚马逊河真菌的发生、生物学和酶活性——系统综述。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023048484
Maria Rosiane Lima da Costa, Geyse Souza Santos, Leila Priscila Peters, Clarice Maia Carvalho

Agaricomycetes are highlighted for producing a variety of compounds and enzymes with nutritional and medicinal properties. However, the knowledge of the diversity of this group of fungi is still insufficient, as well as their biological and enzymatic activities. Thus, the objective of this work is to describe the occurrence, biological and enzymatic activities of Agaricomycetes from the Brazilian Amazon. The present study is a systematic review with the literature search done in the following databases: Scielo, Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect. The descriptors used were Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, mushroom, antimicrobial activity, antitumor activity, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, immunomodulator, enzymatic activity, and Brazilian Amazon. We used as inclusion criteria articles in Portuguese and English, published between 2010 and 2021 and that had the full text available and presented relevance to the exposed topic, and as exclusion criteria, works not done in the Brazilian Amazon, duplicate articles in the databases search or outside the topic under study. A total of 40 articles, published between 2010 and 2021, were selected for analysis. 230 species of Agaricomycetes fungi were described for the Brazilian Amazon, with the most frequent orders being Polyporales (52.60%), Agaricales (14.35%), and Hymenochaetales (13.91%). Six studies were found on antimicrobial activity for promising Agaricomycete fungi against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and the fungi Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. For the antioxidant activity, a study described the species Lentinus citrinus with high amounts of antioxidant compounds. For enzymatic activity, five studies reported Agaricomycete fungi producing protease, cellulase, amylase, pectinase, laccase, and xylanase enzymes. This review shows the scarcity of studies on the description and technological potential of Agaricomycetes from the Brazilian Amazon, highlighting the need to encourage the study of this group of organisms.

琼脂菌因生产多种具有营养和药用价值的化合物和酶而备受关注。然而,对这类真菌的多样性以及它们的生物和酶活性的了解仍然不足。因此,本工作的目的是描述来自巴西亚马逊河的真菌的发生,生物和酶活性。本研究是一项系统综述,并在以下数据库中进行文献检索:Scielo, Google Scholar, PubMed和ScienceDirect。所使用的描述词是担子菌、真菌、蘑菇、抗菌活性、抗肿瘤活性、抗氧化活性、抗炎活性、免疫调节剂、酶活性和巴西亚马逊河流域。我们使用2010年至2021年间发表的葡萄牙语和英语文章作为纳入标准,这些文章有全文可用,并且与所研究的主题相关;作为排除标准,没有在巴西亚马逊地区完成的作品,数据库搜索中的重复文章或研究主题之外的文章。共选取了2010年至2021年间发表的40篇文章进行分析。巴西亚马逊地区共发现真菌230种,以Polyporales(52.60%)、Agaricales(14.35%)和Hymenochaetales(13.91%)为主要目。6项研究发现了有前途的真菌对大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌、副枯枝孢杆菌和热带念珠菌的抑菌活性。在抗氧化活性方面,一项研究表明香菇含有大量的抗氧化化合物。在酶活性方面,五项研究报道了木丝菌真菌产生蛋白酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶、果胶酶、漆酶和木聚糖酶。这篇综述显示了对巴西亚马逊地区真菌的描述和技术潜力的研究的匮乏,强调了鼓励对这一生物群体的研究的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Polysaccharide Content in Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinula edodes (Agaricomycetes), via Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Integrated with Deep Learning. 利用近红外光谱与深度学习技术评价香菇食用菌香菇多糖含量
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2022046298
Xuan Dong, Xiangkun Gao, Rong Wang, Chao Liu, Jiayue Wu, Qing Huang

Polysaccharide is one of the bioactive ingredients extracted from the fruiting body of Lentinula edodes (=L. edodes), which has many medicinal functions. While the content of polysaccharide can be measured by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, the NIR analytical models established previously only covered L. edodes from very limited sources, and thus could not achieve high accuracy for large samples from more varied sources. Strictly, there is a nonlinear relationship between NIR spectral data and chemical label values, and traditional modeling methods for NIR data analysis have problems such as insufficient feature learning ability and difficulty in training. The deep learning model has excellent nonlinear modeling ability and generalization capacity, which is very suitable for analyzing larger samples. In this study, we constructed a novel framework with deep learning techniques on the NIR analysis of the content of polysaccharide in L. edodes. The siPLS model was established based on the combination of the bands 4797-3995 cm-1 and 6401-5600 cm-1, while the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) model was established with improved feature in the treatment of the spectral data. The comparative experimental results showed that the 1D-CNN model (R2pre = 95.50%; RMSEP =0.1875) outperformed the siPLS model (R2pre = 87.89%, RMSEP = 0.6221). As such, this work has demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy with the integration of deep learning can provide more accurate quantification of polysaccharide in L. edodes. Such method can be very useful for nutritional grading and quality control of diverse L. edodes in the market.

多糖是从香菇(Lentinula edodes)子实体中提取的生物活性成分之一。它有许多药用功能。虽然多糖的含量可以通过近红外光谱测量,但之前建立的近红外分析模型仅覆盖了来源非常有限的L. edodes,因此无法实现来自更多来源的大量样品的高精度。严格来说,近红外光谱数据与化学标签值之间存在非线性关系,传统的近红外数据分析建模方法存在特征学习能力不足、训练难度大等问题。该深度学习模型具有良好的非线性建模能力和泛化能力,非常适合分析较大的样本。在本研究中,我们利用深度学习技术构建了一个新的框架,用于近红外分析白羊草中多糖的含量。在4797-3995 cm-1波段和6401-5600 cm-1波段组合的基础上建立siPLS模型,在光谱数据处理上改进特征,建立一维卷积神经网络(1D-CNN)模型。对比实验结果表明,1D-CNN模型(R2pre = 95.50%;RMSEP =0.1875)优于siPLS模型(R2pre = 87.89%, RMSEP = 0.6221)。因此,本研究表明,结合深度学习的近红外光谱可以更准确地定量羊角草中的多糖。该方法可用于市场上不同种类香菇的营养分级和质量控制。
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引用次数: 1
King Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes), Extract Can Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Lung Damage by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress in Rats. 王氏平菇、杏鲍菇提取物可通过抑制氧化应激减轻阿霉素所致大鼠肺损伤。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2022046311
Nalan Kaya Tektemur, Ahmet Tektemur, Elif Erdem Güzel

Doxorubicin (DOX), a broad spectrum chemotherapeutic, has toxic effects on healthy tissues. Mitochondrial processes and oxidative stress act in the DOX-induced toxicity, therefore antioxidant therapies are widely used. The study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Pleurotus eryngii extract (PEE), an extract of a fungus with antioxidant properties, against DOX-induced lung damage. Rats were divided into Control, DOX, DOX + PEE, and PEE groups (n = 6). DOX was administered intraperitoneally in a single dose (10 mg/kg BW) and PE (200 mg/kg BW) was administered by oral gavage every other day for 21 days. Histopathological evaluations, immunohistochemical analyses, total oxidant status (TOS)/total antioxidant status (TAS) method, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis were performed. DOX led to severe histopathological disruptions in rat lungs. Also, DOX remarkably increased the expression of dynamin 1 like (DRP1) and decreased the expression of mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2) genes, which are related to mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, DOX caused an increase in TOS/ TAS and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. On the other hand, PEE treatment remarkably normalized the histopathological findings, mitochondrial dynamics-related gene expressions, markers of oxidative stress, and DNA damage. The present study signs out that PEE can ameliorate the DOX-mediated lung toxicity and the antioxidant mechanism associated with mitochondrial dynamics can have a role in this potent therapeutic effect.

阿霉素(DOX)是一种广谱化疗药物,对健康组织有毒性作用。线粒体过程和氧化应激在dox诱导的毒性中起作用,因此抗氧化治疗被广泛应用。本研究旨在评价一种具有抗氧化作用的真菌提取物——杏鲍菇提取物(Pleurotus eryngii extract, PEE)对dox诱导的肺损伤的治疗作用。将大鼠分为对照组、DOX组、DOX + PEE组和PEE组(n = 6), DOX单次腹腔给药(10 mg/kg BW), PE每隔一天灌胃(200 mg/kg BW),连续21 d。进行组织病理学评估、免疫组织化学分析、总氧化状态(TOS)/总抗氧化状态(TAS)法和实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)分析。DOX导致大鼠肺部严重的组织病理学破坏。此外,DOX显著增加了与线粒体动力学相关的dynamin 1 like (DRP1)基因的表达,降低了mitofusin 1 (MFN1)和mitofusin 2 (MFN2)基因的表达。此外,DOX引起TOS/ TAS和8-羟基-2-脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)水平升高。另一方面,PEE治疗显著正常化了组织病理学结果、线粒体动力学相关基因表达、氧化应激标志物和DNA损伤。目前的研究表明,PEE可以改善dox介导的肺毒性,线粒体动力学相关的抗氧化机制可能在这种有效的治疗效果中发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of the Lingzi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) on Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia with Experimental Metabolic Syndrome. 灵芝灵芝对实验性代谢综合征高血糖、血脂异常的影响。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023047834
Tetiana S Petryn, Mariia R Nagalievska, Solomon P Wasser, Nataliya O Sybirna

The effect of Ganoderma lucidum hot water extract of submerged cultivated mycelium suspensia on carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile during fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats was studied. The outbred white male Wistar rats, in which metabolic syndrome was induced by consuming a 10% fructose solution instead of drinking water for 42 days, were used. After the induction of metabolic syndrome, the mycelium of G. lucidum in the form of water suspension (a dose of 1 g/kg of the animal's body weight) was administered to animals per os for 7 and 14 days. Glucose concentration was determined using the glucose oxidase method. The content of glycosylated hemoglobin in erythrocytes was determined by the colorimetric method. The concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins in blood plasma was determined by enzymatic methods. A significant decrease in the content of glycosylated hemoglobin was established in animals with metabolic syndrome against the background of administration of the studied suspension. Under the conditions of experimental metabolic syndrome, the administration of mycelium for 7 and 14 days led to a decrease in the concentration of triglycerides by 17.8 and 44.8%, cholesterol by 10.7 and 21.3%, low-density lipoproteins by 14.8 and 28.4%, and to an increase in high-density lipoproteins concentration by 11.9 and 21.5%, compared with metabolic syndrome. The obtained results demonstrate the corrective effect of the suspension of the G. lucidum powdered mycelium on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which was directly proportional to the duration of administration.

研究了灵芝热水提取物对果糖诱导代谢综合征大鼠碳水化合物代谢和脂质谱的影响。本研究使用的是近交系白色雄性Wistar大鼠,其代谢综合征是通过饮用10%的果糖溶液而不是饮用水引起的,持续42天。诱导代谢综合征后,以水悬浮液形式(剂量为动物体重的1 g/kg)给药7 d和14 d。葡萄糖浓度测定采用葡萄糖氧化酶法。用比色法测定红细胞中糖化血红蛋白的含量。用酶法测定血浆中甘油三酯、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白的浓度。在代谢综合征的动物中,糖基化血红蛋白的含量显著降低,与所研究的悬浮液的施用背景有关。在实验性代谢综合征条件下,与代谢综合征相比,给予菌丝体7天和14天使甘油三酯浓度分别下降17.8%和44.8%,胆固醇浓度分别下降10.7%和21.3%,低密度脂蛋白浓度分别下降14.8%和28.4%,高密度脂蛋白浓度分别增加11.9%和21.5%。结果表明,灵芝粉末状菌丝体悬浮液对小鼠碳水化合物和脂质代谢的改善作用与给药时间成正比。
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引用次数: 0
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International journal of medicinal mushrooms
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