Coordination Chemistry Reviews最新文献_第9页

A green strategy for sustainable water treatment: performance and applications of MOF@wood composites 可持续水处理的绿色策略：MOF@wood复合材料的性能和应用

IF 23.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217599

Xin Zhou , Yixuan Song , Xu Wang , Dan Zou , Shaohua Jiang , Qingfeng Sun , Xiaofan Ma

MOF@wood composites represent an emerging class of high-performance materials for water purification, combinating the unique adsorption properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and hierarchical pore structure of wood. MOFs contribute exceptionally high specific surface area and adsorption capacity, while wood provides a renewable substrate with a hierarchical porous structure, excellent mechanical strength, and surface functionalizability. The bonding strength of MOF@wood composite is significantly enhanced through chemical bonding between functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl and carboxyl groups) in the wood cell wall and those in the MOFs. MOF@wood composites exhibit significant synergistic advantages in water treatment. The multi-level pore structure of wood acts as an ideal carrier, enabling uniform dispersion and stable anchoring of MOF particles, thereby effectively preventing their agglomeration. Simultaneously, wood's interconnected channels facilitate low-resistance water transport, significantly enhancing the contact efficiency between pollutants and the active sites on the MOFs. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in MOF@wood composites, focusing on their applications in oil-water separation, removal of antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and heavy metal ions, as well as their use in water evaporators for purification. Finally, the future development prospects were discussed, current challenges such as the need to achieve scalable manufacturing processes and improve long-term stability were identified, and directions for subsequent research were proposed.

MOF@wood复合材料代表了一种新兴的高性能水净化材料，结合了金属有机框架（MOFs）独特的吸附性能和木材的分层孔结构。mof具有极高的比表面积和吸附能力，而木材提供了具有分层多孔结构、优异机械强度和表面功能化的可再生基板。通过木材细胞壁中官能团（如羟基和羧基）与mof中的官能团之间的化学键合，MOF@wood复合材料的键合强度显著增强。MOF@wood复合材料在水处理中表现出显著的协同优势。木材的多层孔隙结构是理想的载体，可以使MOF颗粒均匀分散，稳定锚定，有效防止MOF颗粒团聚。同时，木材相互连接的通道促进了低阻力的水输送，显著提高了污染物与mof上活性位点之间的接触效率。综述了MOF@wood复合材料的研究进展，重点介绍了MOF@wood复合材料在油水分离、抗生素、药物、染料、重金属离子去除、蒸发器净化等方面的应用。最后，讨论了未来的发展前景，指出了当前面临的挑战，如需要实现可扩展的制造工艺和提高长期稳定性，并提出了后续的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Micro- and nanorobots for intelligent bone tissue engineering 用于智能骨组织工程的微纳米机器人

IF 23.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217593

Zelin Ai , Yan Wei , Jiatao Zhang , Jinhua Li

The repair of bone defects presents a significant challenge in balancing material properties with biocompatibility. While traditional materials such as alloys are widely used, they still exhibit limitations in mechanical adaptability, osseointegration capacity, and imaging interference. In recent years, the integration of biodegradable materials and 3D printing technology has provided novel approaches for personalized bone repair, however, the implantation of these scaffolds often requires open surgery, which causes pain for patients, increases the risk of infection, and prolongs healing time. In this context, the micro- and nanorobots (MNRs) can offer groundbreaking opportunities for precision bone tissue engineering in a minimally invasive or even non-invasive manner owing to their unique advantages such as tiny size, precise delivery, and dynamic modulation capabilities. This article focuses on the application potential of MNRs in bone repair, systematically examining their design prerequisites: achieving targeted movement within the tubular structures (such as blood vessels and lymph vessels), cavity structures (such as marrow cavity and articular cavity), and defect space (such as fractures and osteoporosis) in the bone tissue, and analyzing their material selection, propulsion mechanisms, and real-time monitoring strategies. Furthermore, we review recent advances in MNRs-assisted bone defect regeneration, bone infection control, and bone tumor therapy, highlighting their advantages in modulating the local bone microenvironment through the delivery of growth factors, stem cells, or therapeutic agents. Finally, we summarize current technological bottlenecks and propose interdisciplinary solutions to address these challenges. The prospects of MNRs in dynamic repair and regenerative medicine are also discussed. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive reference and offer guidance for rationally designing versatile MNRs for advanced bone tissue engineering, thereby bridging the gap between tiny active MNRs and traditional bone tissue engineering by making full use of the anatomical structures of healthy bones and the abnormal structures of diseased or injured bones.

骨缺损的修复在平衡材料性能和生物相容性方面提出了重大挑战。虽然合金等传统材料被广泛使用，但它们在机械适应性、骨整合能力和成像干扰方面仍然存在局限性。近年来，生物可降解材料与3D打印技术的结合为个性化骨修复提供了新的途径，但这些支架的植入往往需要开放性手术，给患者带来疼痛，增加感染风险，延长愈合时间。在这种情况下，微型和纳米机器人（MNRs）由于其独特的优势，如微小的尺寸、精确的输送和动态调制能力，可以为微创甚至非侵入性的精密骨组织工程提供开创性的机会。本文重点探讨了微磁共振在骨修复中的应用潜力，系统考察了其设计前提条件：在骨组织的管状结构（如血管和淋巴管）、腔状结构（如骨髓腔和关节腔）和缺陷空间（如骨折和骨质疏松症）内实现定向运动，并分析了其材料选择、推进机制和实时监测策略。此外，我们回顾了mnmr辅助骨缺损再生、骨感染控制和骨肿瘤治疗的最新进展，强调了它们在通过递送生长因子、干细胞或治疗剂来调节局部骨微环境方面的优势。最后，我们总结了当前的技术瓶颈，并提出了跨学科的解决方案来应对这些挑战。并对纳米核磁共振在动态修复和再生医学中的应用前景进行了展望。我们的目标是充分利用健康骨骼的解剖结构和患病或损伤骨骼的异常结构，为高级骨组织工程合理设计多功能磁阻器提供全面的参考和指导，从而弥合微型活性磁阻器与传统骨组织工程之间的差距。

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引用次数: 0

Catalytic mechanisms and systems of the conversion of furfural to γ-valerolactone via transfer hydrogenation pathway: a review 糠醛经转移加氢途径转化为γ-戊内酯的催化机理及体系研究进展

IF 23.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217615

Tingwei Zhang , Yanyu Jing , Zhaochuan Yu , Chaofeng Zhang , Yongcan Jin , Wenzhi Li , Huining Xiao

In recent years, the one-pot transfer hydrogenation of furfural to γ-valerolactone (GVL) with biomass-derived alcohols as solvents and hydrogen donors has received extensive attention. Within this cascade pathway, furfuryl alcohol (FA) and alkyl levulinates (ALs) not only serve as key intermediates but can also be selectively produced as target products through rational tuning of catalyst active sites. Biomass-derived FA, ALs, and GVL have emerged as highly valuable platform molecules for the production of sustainable fuels and value-added chemicals. This review offers a comprehensive summary of recent progress in the one-pot transfer hydrogenation of furfural to GVL, with an integrated discussion of the related sub-reactions (furfural-to-FA, FA-to-ALs, furfural-to-ALs, and levulinic acid/ALs-to-GVL). Particular emphasis is placed on reaction mechanisms, the rational design of efficient catalysts for different reactions, and the roles of alcohol type and catalyst acidity/basicity in governing product distribution. Finally, feasible suggestions are proposed for enhancing catalytic performance and advancing practical applications.

近年来，以生物质衍生醇为溶剂和供氢体的糠醛一锅转移加氢制γ-戊内酯（GVL）的研究受到了广泛关注。在这一级联途径中，糠醇（FA）和乙酰丙酸烷基酯（ALs）不仅作为关键中间体，还可以通过合理调整催化剂活性位点选择性地产生目标产物。生物质衍生的FA、ALs和GVL已成为生产可持续燃料和增值化学品的极有价值的平台分子。本文综述了糠醛一锅转移加氢制GVL的最新进展，并对相关亚反应（糠醛制fa、fa制als、糠醛制als和乙酰丙酸/ als制GVL）进行了综合讨论。特别强调的是反应机制，不同反应的有效催化剂的合理设计，以及酒精类型和催化剂的酸度/碱度在控制产品分布中的作用。最后提出了提高催化性能和推进实际应用的可行性建议。

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引用次数: 0

Precise control of external stimulus-responsive MXenes for biomedical applications 生物医学外刺激响应MXenes的精确控制

IF 23.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217602

Haoming Ding , Xiao Tong , Yong Zhang

MXenes, as a prominent class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides, have attracted extensive attention in innovative biomedical applications due to their distinct layered structure, tunable electronic properties, good biocompatibility, and highly tunable surface/interlayer properties. Their biomedical functionalities largely rely on specific responses to external stimuli, e.g., light, mechanical force, ultrasound waves, magnetism, and heat, which are intrinsically linked to their precise structural design. However, the transition from empirical exploration to rational design of MXene-based nanomedicines is hindered by an insufficient understanding of the relationship between precise structural regulation, stimuli-responsive behavior, and biomedical efficacy. Existing reviews primarily focus on cataloging application scenarios rather than on an in-depth analysis of this core structure-functional relationship. To bridge this critical knowledge gap, this review focuses on the precise control of externally stimuli-responsive MXenes for biomedical applications. It systematically summarizes multi-dimensional structural regulation strategies, including atomic structure modulation, surface chemistry, interlayer engineering, and defect control, and dissects their regulatory effects on stimuli-responsive mechanisms. By integrating representative biomedical applications, a comprehensive structure-response-efficacy framework is established, providing critical theoretical support for the interdisciplinary innovation of materials science and biomedicine. Finally, we propose some challenges and future perspectives relevant to the continuous development of MXenes in biomedicine applications. This review addresses the current research gap and offers practical guidelines for designing smart MXene-based materials, which may promote the transformative potential of structurally engineered MXenes in advancing precision nanomedicine.

MXenes作为一类突出的二维（2D）过渡金属碳化物/氮化物，由于其独特的层状结构、可调谐的电子特性、良好的生物相容性和高度可调谐的表面/层间特性，在创新生物医学应用中受到了广泛关注。它们的生物医学功能很大程度上依赖于对外部刺激的特定反应，例如光、机械力、超声波、磁力和热量，这些都与它们精确的结构设计有着内在的联系。然而，由于对精确的结构调节、刺激反应行为和生物医学疗效之间的关系认识不足，阻碍了基于mxene的纳米药物从经验探索到合理设计的过渡。现有的评论主要集中于对应用程序场景进行编目，而不是对这种核心结构-功能关系进行深入分析。为了弥补这一关键的知识差距，本文将重点介绍生物医学应用中外部刺激反应性MXenes的精确控制。系统总结了原子结构调控、表面化学、层间工程、缺陷控制等多维结构调控策略，并剖析了它们对刺激响应机制的调控作用。通过整合具有代表性的生物医学应用，构建结构-反应-功效的综合框架，为材料科学与生物医学的交叉创新提供重要的理论支持。最后，对MXenes在生物医学领域的持续发展提出了挑战和展望。这篇综述弥补了目前的研究空白，并为设计基于MXenes的智能材料提供了实用指南，这可能会促进结构工程化MXenes在推进精密纳米医学方面的变革潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Stable and isolable carbanions: synthesis, chemical bonding, and unique applications 稳定和可分离的碳离子：合成，化学键和独特的应用

IF 23.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2025.217522

Hikaru Yanai

Carbanions were widely regarded as unstable and highly reactive species. However, in fact, the first example of stable and isolable carbanion-containing salts was reported more than 120 years ago. Recent research of stable carbanions endowed a renewed context such as carbanionic “substituents” for tuning the physicochemical properties of organic materials. In addition, unique electronic and geometric structures of the anionic carbon atom enable to be used as ionic liquids, polymer materials, and electrolytes. This review summarises notable recent advances in stable carbanions, covering their synthetic methodologies, chemical bonding behaviour, coordination chemistry, and emerging applications. In particular, carbanions stabilised by cyano, fluorinated sulfonyl, and phosphonio groups are discussed.

碳离子被广泛认为是一种不稳定的高活性物质。然而，事实上，第一个稳定和可分离的含碳盐的例子是在120多年前报道的。近年来对稳定碳离子的研究为调整有机材料的物理化学性质提供了新的背景，例如碳离子“取代基”。此外，阴离子碳原子独特的电子和几何结构使其可以用作离子液体、聚合物材料和电解质。本文综述了近年来稳定碳的研究进展，包括稳定碳的合成方法、化学键行为、配位化学和新兴应用。特别讨论了氰基、氟化磺酰基和膦基稳定的碳离子。

引用次数: 0

The rise of well-defined fluoroalkyl copper chemistry: A review of synthesis and reactivity 定义明确的氟烷基铜化学的兴起：合成和反应性的综述

IF 23.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217595

Xinxin Shao , Yanchuang Zhao , Qilong Shen

引用次数: 0

Photothermal effect-reinforced cancer treatment: Materials and strategies 光热效应增强癌症治疗：材料与策略

IF 23.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2025.217503

Pengcheng Hu , Qi Gong , Zhao-Ya Wu , Yang Liu , Fu-Gen Wu

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a pivotal strategy for cancer treatment due to its noninvasiveness, high spatiotemporal selectivity, and repeatable therapeutic potential. However, the clinical application of PTT is constrained by the low tissue penetration depth of light, suboptimal targeting efficiency of photothermal agents, and thermoresistance of tumor cells. To overcome these limitations, researchers have recently focused on the development of synergistic PTT-assisted combination strategies. These approaches leverage photothermal effect-mediated localized heat to enhance drug delivery efficiency, modulate the tumor microenvironment (e.g., alleviating hypoxia and promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation), and activate antitumor immune responses, thereby achieving multimodal synergistic effects. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in the integration of PTT with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, thermodynamic therapy, gas therapy, ion therapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. Special emphasis is placed on the innovative enhancement mechanisms, including enhanced drug penetration, ROS amplification, and tumor microenvironment modulation. Furthermore, this review critically examines the current technical bottlenecks (e.g., precise treatment of deep-seated tumors and spatiotemporally controlled drug release) and outlines the future research directions. The insights provided herein establish a theoretical foundation and technical reference for developing novel photothermal effect-based combinatorial anticancer strategies.

光热疗法（PTT）由于其非侵入性、高时空选择性和可重复治疗的潜力，已成为癌症治疗的关键策略。然而，PTT的临床应用受到光穿透组织深度低、光热剂靶向效率不理想以及肿瘤细胞耐热性等因素的限制。为了克服这些限制，研究人员最近专注于开发协同ptt辅助联合策略。这些方法利用光热效应介导的局部热来提高药物递送效率，调节肿瘤微环境（如缓解缺氧和促进活性氧（ROS）的产生），激活抗肿瘤免疫反应，从而实现多模态协同效应。本文系统综述了近年来PTT与化疗、放疗、光动力治疗、声动力治疗、化学动力治疗、热力学治疗、气体治疗、离子治疗、免疫治疗和基因治疗结合的研究进展。特别强调的是创新的增强机制，包括增强药物渗透，ROS扩增和肿瘤微环境调节。此外，本文对当前的技术瓶颈（如深部肿瘤的精确治疗和时空控制药物释放）进行了批判性的审查，并概述了未来的研究方向。本文提供的见解为开发基于光热效应的新型联合抗癌策略奠定了理论基础和技术参考。

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引用次数: 0

When metal nanoclusters meet reticular framework materials: A promising nanocomposites for boosting advanced biosensing 当金属纳米团簇与网状框架材料相遇：一种促进先进生物传感的有前途的纳米复合材料

IF 23.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217596

Yuhang Tian , Xiang Meng , Junying Li , Siqing Song , Xiru Zhang , Manyan Qiu , Feng Zhao , Wei Zhang , Yujun Jiang , Xianlong Zhang

Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) with atomically precise structures, tunable fluorescence, and unique catalytic activities have attracted significant attention in the development and construction of biosensing platforms. However, their practical applications still suffer from some limits to a certain extent, such as instability, easy aggregation, and sensitivity to environmental interference. The emergence of reticular framework materials (RFMs), including metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and hydrogen bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), provides an effective platform to overcome these limitations. The integration of MNCs with RFMs not only prevents aggregation and enhances structural stability through spatial confinement but also enables synergistic modulation of electronic structures and interfacial charge transfer, leading to remarkable improvements in optical, catalytic, and electrochemical properties. Recently, plenty of MNCs@RFMs have been successfully developed and have obtained widespread applications in the field of biosensing. In this review, we systematically summarized the latest progresses in synthesis and properties of MNCs@RFMs and their promising applications in construction of biosensors. First of all, the synthesis strategies and properties of MNCs@RFMs were comprehensively summarized and discussed. Then, research hotspots in this emerging field (i.e., structure-property relationships, performance improvement, and exploration on new performances of MNCs@RFMs) were discussed. In addition, promising applications of MNCs@RFMs in the fields of biosensing (i.e., fluorescence, electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, colorimetric, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering) and portable detection devices were also summarized and discussed. Finally, current challenges and future research perspectives in this emerging field were outlined.

金属纳米团簇（MNCs）具有原子精确的结构、可调的荧光和独特的催化活性，在生物传感平台的开发和建设中引起了广泛的关注。但其实际应用仍存在一定的局限性，如不稳定、易聚集、对环境干扰敏感等。网状框架材料（rfm）的出现，包括金属有机框架（MOFs）、共价有机框架（COFs）和氢键有机框架（HOFs），为克服这些限制提供了有效的平台。MNCs与rfm的集成不仅可以防止聚集，通过空间限制增强结构稳定性，还可以实现电子结构和界面电荷转移的协同调制，从而显著改善光学、催化和电化学性能。近年来，大量的MNCs@RFMs已经开发成功，并在生物传感领域得到了广泛的应用。本文系统综述了MNCs@RFMs的合成、性质及其在生物传感器结构中的应用研究进展。首先，对MNCs@RFMs的合成策略和性质进行了全面的总结和讨论。然后讨论了这一新兴领域的研究热点（即结构-性能关系、性能改进以及MNCs@RFMs新性能的探索）。此外，还对MNCs@RFMs在生物传感（荧光、电化学、电化学发光、比色、表面增强拉曼散射）和便携式检测设备等领域的应用前景进行了总结和讨论。最后，对这一新兴领域面临的挑战和未来的研究前景进行了概述。

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引用次数: 0

Fluorescence-encoded barcodes for multiplexed detection and imaging: principles, strategies, and prospects 荧光编码条形码用于多路检测和成像：原理，策略和前景

IF 23.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217603

Wenhao Dai , Mengjie Zong , Tongtong Zhang , Fan Zhang , Haifeng Dong , Xueji Zhang

With the increasing demand for high-throughput biomolecular analysis, multiplexing technologies have emerged as powerful and efficient tools for large-scale biological investigations. Among various strategies, fluorescence-encoded barcodes have garnered particular attention owing to their high sensitivity, excellent biocompatibility, and potential for parallel analysis. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of fluorescence-encoded barcodes, focusing on their design principles, encoding and decoding strategies, and applications. We first summarize the diverse fluorescent encoders and host materials that form the foundation of fluorescent barcoding systems, highlighting their respective merits and limitations in achieving multiplexed analysis. Next, we discuss the encoding dimensions of fluorescent barcodes—including fluorescence spectrum, lifetime, spatial pattern, and polarization—emphasizing that these parameters can be utilized independently or in combination to substantially enhance encoding capacity and analytical throughput. In addition, we examine recent progress in multimodal encoding strategies that integrate fluorescence encoding with other encoding modalities to further expand the multiplexing potential. The review then explores the decoding and applications of multidimensional fluorescence-encoded barcodes in multiplexed detection and imaging, with an emphasis on their performance in complex biological systems. Finally, we present a critical perspective on current challenges and future opportunities, aiming to inspire the development of next-generation fluorescent barcoding technologies for high-throughput biological analysis and precision diagnostics. We anticipate that this comprehensive summary will serve as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to advance the field of multiplexed detection and imaging.

随着高通量生物分子分析需求的增加，多路复用技术已经成为大规模生物研究的强大而有效的工具。在各种策略中，荧光编码条形码因其高灵敏度、良好的生物相容性和平行分析的潜力而受到特别关注。本文综述了荧光编码条形码的系统和全面的概述，重点介绍了荧光编码条形码的设计原理、编码和解码策略以及应用。我们首先总结了构成荧光条形码系统基础的各种荧光编码器和宿主材料，强调了它们各自在实现多路分析方面的优点和局限性。接下来，我们讨论了荧光条形码的编码维度，包括荧光光谱、寿命、空间模式和极化，强调这些参数可以单独使用或组合使用，以大大提高编码能力和分析吞吐量。此外，我们研究了多模态编码策略的最新进展，该策略将荧光编码与其他编码方式相结合，以进一步扩大多路复用潜力。然后，本文探讨了多维荧光编码条形码在多路检测和成像中的解码和应用，重点介绍了它们在复杂生物系统中的性能。最后，我们对当前的挑战和未来的机遇提出了批判性的观点，旨在激发下一代荧光条形码技术在高通量生物分析和精确诊断方面的发展。我们期望这篇全面的总结将为寻求推进多路检测和成像领域的研究人员提供有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

A review of recent advances in carbon nitride photocatalysts for CO2 reduction 氮化碳光催化剂在CO2还原中的研究进展

IF 23.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217613

Junpeng Song , Xiaomei Dai , Minqiang He , Yanhua Song , Jinman Yang

The excessive use of fossil fuels has led to a sharp increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration, intensifying the greenhouse effect and posing serious challenges to environmental protection and energy sustainability. Solar-driven photocatalytic CO₂ reduction has emerged as a green and feasible approach to convert CO₂ into high-value-added fuels, thereby alleviating both environmental and energy pressures. Among various photocatalysts, carbon nitride (C₃N₄) has attracted extensive attention due to its visible-light responsiveness, excellent stability, and low cost. However, its catalytic efficiency is still limited by rapid charge recombination, low carrier mobility, and a small number of active sites. To address these limitations, various modification strategies have been proposed, including morphology control, element doping, heterojunction construction, vacancy engineering, and cocatalyst loading, aiming to enhance light absorption, charge separation, and catalytic activity. This review provides an in-depth overview of recent developments in C₃N₄ photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction and their prospects, discusses the relationship between structure and performance, and briefly outlines the reaction conditions affecting photocatalytic activity. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the practical application of C₃N₄ are presented, providing valuable guidance for the rational design of efficient and sustainable photocatalytic systems.

化石燃料的过度使用导致大气中二氧化碳浓度急剧上升，温室效应加剧，给环境保护和能源可持续性带来严峻挑战。太阳能驱动的光催化二氧化碳还原已经成为将二氧化碳转化为高附加值燃料的一种绿色可行的方法，从而减轻了环境和能源压力。在各种光催化剂中，氮化碳（C3N4）因其对可见光的响应性、优异的稳定性和低廉的成本而受到广泛关注。但其催化效率仍受电荷重组速度快、载流子迁移率低、活性位点数量少等因素的限制。为了解决这些限制，人们提出了各种改性策略，包括形貌控制、元素掺杂、异质结构建、空位工程和助催化剂负载，旨在提高光吸收、电荷分离和催化活性。本文综述了二氧化碳还原C3N4光催化剂的最新研究进展及其前景，讨论了C3N4光催化剂的结构与性能的关系，并简要概述了影响光催化活性的反应条件。最后，提出了C3N4在实际应用中面临的挑战和前景，为合理设计高效、可持续的光催化系统提供了有价值的指导。

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引用次数: 0