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Case study of process and design performance debugging with Digital Speed Sensor 数字式速度传感器的工艺及设计性能调试实例研究
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114548
Chao-Wen Tzeng, Ying-Yen Chen, Jih-Nung Lee, Shu-Yi Kao
Using speed sensor to find out the unexpected process variation and design performance degradation is getting more and more attention. In this paper, we demonstrate the industrial case of identifying process variation, with the power of in-house developed DSS (Digital Speed Sensor). The identification result is validated by TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). In addition, by using DSS, we can observe how the test environment results in design performance degradation, not only during the CP (Circuit Probe) test but also the board-level test.
利用速度传感器发现非预期的工艺变化和设计性能下降问题越来越受到人们的重视。在本文中,我们展示了识别过程变化的工业案例,利用内部开发的DSS(数字速度传感器)的力量。用透射电镜对鉴定结果进行了验证。此外,通过使用DSS,我们可以观察到测试环境如何导致设计性能下降,不仅在CP(电路探头)测试期间,而且在板级测试期间。
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引用次数: 0
A latency-elastic and fault-tolerant cache for improving performance and reliability on low voltage operation 一种延迟弹性和容错缓存,用于提高低电压操作的性能和可靠性
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114576
Yung-Hui Yu, Po-Hao Wang, S. Tsai, Tien-Fu Chen
The ever-increasing transistor threshold-voltage (Vth) variation caused by process technologies shrink brings the performance and reliability issues in SRAM cells. To keep power limitations, scaling down the supply voltage is inevitable in mobile devices and future chips. However, caches become susceptible even fail in low voltages, and the distribution of access latencies increases in new technology nodes. To deal with the respectable power of SRAM in modern processors, the memory reliability wall poses a major challenge in cache design nowadays and continues for years to come. This thesis proposes a latency-elastic and fault-tolerant cache not only for fault-tolerant, but aiming at the performance issues. It varies the latency of cache access to achieve better-than-worst-case designs for improving performance.
由于工艺技术的萎缩,晶体管阈值电压(Vth)的变化越来越大,给SRAM单元带来了性能和可靠性问题。为了保持功率限制,在移动设备和未来的芯片中,减小供电电压是不可避免的。然而,缓存在低电压下甚至会失效,并且在新技术节点中访问延迟的分布会增加。为了应对现代处理器中可观的SRAM功率,存储器可靠性墙对当今缓存设计提出了重大挑战,并将持续数年。本文提出了一种弹性延迟容错缓存,不仅针对容错问题,而且针对性能问题。它改变缓存访问的延迟,以实现优于最坏情况的设计,从而提高性能。
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引用次数: 1
A wireless power transmission subsystem with capacitor-less high PSR LDO and thermal protection mechanism for artificial retina application 一种具有无电容高PSR LDO和热保护机制的用于人工视网膜的无线电力传输子系统
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114516
Yen-Fu Chen, K. Tang
This paper presents a wireless power transmission subsystem with high power supply rejection (PSR) low dropout (LDO) regulator and thermal protection mechanism for artificial retina application. The proposed subsystem performs the functions of rectification, regulation and thermal detection. It can provide a stable DC source for implanted devices, and the subsystem only needs a small rectification capacitor. The proposed LDO achieves high PSRR performance of 46 dB at 10 MHz without any external capacitor. Moreover, the system contains the thermal protection mechanism to prevent cells from being damaged. A power controller in the system controls the received power by adjusting resonant capacitance in feedback. By controlling the received power, the system avoids receiving excessive power, enhances the power transmission efficiency, and avoids the device to be damaged by excessive heat. The proposed subsystem is to be fabricated with the TSMC 0.18 um CMOS process and occupies area of 556 um × 700 um. It achieves a high power conversion efficiency of 73 % under output voltage of 3.3 V and load current of 5 mA.
本文提出了一种具有高电源抑制(PSR)、低差(LDO)调节器和热保护机制的用于人工视网膜的无线电力传输子系统。该子系统具有整流、调节和热检测功能。它可以为植入器件提供稳定的直流电源,并且子系统只需要一个小的整流电容。在没有任何外部电容的情况下,提出的LDO在10 MHz时实现了46 dB的高PSRR性能。此外,该系统包含热保护机制,防止细胞被损坏。系统中的功率控制器通过调节反馈谐振电容来控制接收功率。通过控制接收功率,避免系统接收功率过大,提高功率传输效率,避免设备受热损坏。该子系统采用台积电0.18 um CMOS工艺制造,占地面积为556 um × 700 um。在输出电压为3.3 V,负载电流为5 mA的情况下,其功率转换效率高达73%。
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引用次数: 4
Hydrogel-based microdevices Hydrogel-based微器件
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114543
Y. Yang
Summary form only given. This talk presents two hydrogel-based devices: a microgripper that can be wirelessly manipulated using magnetic fields, and a passive inertial switch using MWCNT-hydrogel composite integrated with an inductor/capacitor (L-C) resonator. The proposed microgripper can move freely in liquids when driven by direct current (dc) magnetic fields, and perform a gripping motion by using alternating current (ac) magnetic fields. The device is fabricated from a biocompatible hydrogel material that can be employed for intravascular applications. The actuation mechanism for gripping motions is realized by controlling the exposure dose on the hydrogel composite during the lithography process. The preliminary characterization of the device is also presented. The measurement results show that the gripping motion reached a full stroke at approximately 38 oC. By dispersing multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) into the material, the overall response time of the gripping motion decreases by approximately 2-fold. Device manipulations such as the gripping motion, translational motion, and rotational motion are also successfully demonstrated on a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube and in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel. The passive inertial switch consists of a PDMS micro-fluidic chip containing MWCNT-hydrogel composite and water droplet, and a glass substrate with a capacitor plate and an inductor coil. When the acceleration exceeds the designed threshold-level, the water passes through the channel to the hydrogel cavity. The hydrogel swells and changes the capacitance of the integrated L-C resonator, which in turn changes the resonant frequency that can be remotely detected. Each sensor unit does not require on-board power and circuitry for operation, so the proposed device is disposable, and is suitable for low-cost applications. All PDMS structures were fabricated using soft lithography. The L-C resonator was fabricated using a lift-off process to pattern metal layers on a glass substrate. The threshold g-values, which differ for various applications, were strongly affected by the channel widths. The phase-dip measurement shows that the resonant frequencies shift from 164 MHz to approximately 148 MHz when the device is activated by acceleration.
只提供摘要形式。本次演讲介绍了两种基于水凝胶的器件:一种可以使用磁场无线操作的微夹持器,以及一种使用mwcnt -水凝胶复合材料集成电感/电容(L-C)谐振器的被动惯性开关。该微夹持器在直流磁场驱动下可以在液体中自由移动,在交流磁场驱动下可以进行夹持运动。该装置由可用于血管内应用的生物相容性水凝胶材料制成。在光刻过程中,通过控制水凝胶复合材料的暴露剂量来实现夹持运动的驱动机构。并对该装置进行了初步表征。测量结果表明,在约38℃时,夹持运动达到全行程。通过将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)分散到材料中,夹持运动的总体响应时间减少了大约2倍。在聚氯乙烯(PVC)管和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)微流控通道上成功地演示了诸如抓握运动,平移运动和旋转运动等设备操作。该被动惯性开关由含有mwcnt -水凝胶复合材料和水滴的PDMS微流控芯片和带有电容板和电感线圈的玻璃基板组成。当加速度超过设计阈值水平时,水通过通道进入水凝胶腔。水凝胶膨胀并改变集成L-C谐振器的电容,从而改变可远程检测的谐振频率。每个传感器单元不需要板载电源和电路进行操作,因此所提出的设备是一次性的,适合低成本应用。所有PDMS结构均采用软光刻技术制备。L-C谐振器是用一种升降工艺在玻璃基板上制造金属层的。不同应用的阈值g值受到通道宽度的强烈影响。相位倾斜测量表明,当器件被加速激活时,谐振频率从164 MHz移动到约148 MHz。
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引用次数: 0
A pliable and batteryless real-time ECG monitoring system-in-a-patch 一种柔性无电池实时心电监测系统
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114521
C. Wu, W. Kuo, H.-J. Wang, Y. Huang, Y.-H. Chen, Y.-Y. Chou, Sakurai Yu, Shey-Shi Lu
A batteryless wearable ECG monitoring system-in-a-patch assembled by a biocompatible and pliable silicon-in-parylene technology is introduced. The system is capable of processing the acquired ECG signal and detecting arrhythmia by a built-in digital signal processor (DSP). An NFC communication system is used to interface the external reader. The silicon also integrates a sub-threshold ultra-low-voltage (ULV) boost converter to harvest body heat energy from a thermoelectric generator (TEG) attached to the chest to power up the ECG system. The boost converter operates with no external kick-off circuitry, and the average efficiency is up to 60%. The assembled all-in-one system achieves a very low profile (<;0.9mm); it includes one CMOS die, two SMD inductors (for the boost converter), and two in-parylene gold coils (for the NFC communication system). The pliable parylene mold provides excellent adhesion and skin comfort.
介绍了一种采用生物相容性和柔性聚对二甲苯硅技术组装的无电池可穿戴式贴片心电图监测系统。该系统通过内置数字信号处理器(DSP)对采集到的心电信号进行处理并检测心律失常。一个NFC通信系统用于连接外部阅读器。该芯片还集成了一个亚阈值超低电压(ULV)升压转换器,用于从附着在胸部的热电发电机(TEG)收集人体热能,为ECG系统供电。升压变换器工作时没有外部启动电路,平均效率高达60%。组装的一体化系统实现了非常低的轮廓(< 0.9mm);它包括一个CMOS芯片,两个SMD电感器(用于升压转换器)和两个聚对二甲苯金线圈(用于NFC通信系统)。柔韧的聚二甲苯模具提供了良好的附着力和皮肤舒适性。
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引用次数: 15
A 2.5 mW/ch, 50 Mcps, 10-analog channel, adaptively biased read-out front-end IC with 9.71 ps-RMS timing resolution for single-photon time-of-flight PET applications in 90 nm CMOS 2.5 mW/ch, 50 Mcps, 10个模拟通道,具有9.71 ps-RMS时序分辨率的自适应偏置读出前端IC,用于90 nm CMOS中的单光子飞行时间PET应用
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114501
H. Cruz, Hong-Yi Huang, Shueen-Yu Lee, C. Luo
A 10-channel time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) IC that uses a digital-to-analog (DAC) - based architecture is implemented in 90nm CMOS process. The DAC is used to compensate for timing resolution variation attributed to amplifier gain fluctuation. Mixed-signal reset signals enhance photon counting speed achieving 5M counts/s/ch. The IC uses adaptive biases to stabilize the gain of preamplifiers and comparators. Multi-stage preamplifiers and comparator architectures were selected for low power. Measurement results show that these techniques enable the IC to achieve 9.71ps-RMS of intrinsic jitter and 181.5ps-FWHM (Full-width-at-half-maximum) timing resolution using an avalanche photo-diode and laser setup while consuming 2.5mW at 0.5V and 1.2V power supplies. The IC was fabricated in a 90nm CMOS process with area of 3.3 × 2.7mm2.
采用90纳米CMOS工艺实现了一种10通道飞行时间(TOF)正电子发射断层扫描(PET) IC,该IC采用基于数模转换(DAC)的架构。DAC用于补偿由放大器增益波动引起的时间分辨率变化。混合信号复位信号提高光子计数速度,达到5M计数/s/ch。该集成电路使用自适应偏置来稳定前置放大器和比较器的增益。多级前置放大器和比较器架构选择低功耗。测量结果表明,这些技术使集成电路在0.5V和1.2V电源下功耗为2.5mW时,在使用雪崩光电二极管和激光器的情况下,实现了9.71ps-RMS的固有抖动和181.5ps-FWHM(半最大全宽)时序分辨率。该集成电路采用90nm CMOS工艺,面积为3.3 × 2.7mm2。
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引用次数: 2
A 84.7-DR wide BW incremental ADC using CT structure
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114519
Ting-Yang Wang, Tai-Cheng Lee
This work uses continuous-tome (CT) structure to make the sigma-delta modulator faster and consuming less power. A third-order 3-bit CT-IDC with OSR=64 fabricated in TSMC T18 1P6M technology is proposed in the paper. The modulator is operated at 100MHz sampling clock. It achieves dynamic range of 84.7 dB, peak SNDR of 73.82 dB within the 737-kHz bandwidth. This chip dissipates 6.6mA from a 3.3V supply. The core area of this modulator occupies smaller than 0.25mm2.
这项工作采用连续体(CT)结构,使sigma-delta调制器速度更快,功耗更低。本文提出了一种采用TSMC T18 1P6M技术制造的OSR=64的三阶3位CT-IDC。调制器工作在100MHz采样时钟下。在737-kHz带宽范围内,动态范围为84.7 dB,峰值SNDR为73.82 dB。该芯片从3.3V电源耗散6.6mA。该调制器的核心面积小于0.25mm2。
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引用次数: 1
Tunable and reconfigurable solutions using RFSOI-on-HR-Si technologies 使用RFSOI-on-HR-Si技术的可调和可重构解决方案
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114559
J. Costa
Summary form only given. Tunable and Reconfigurable applications using RFSOI-on-HR (high resistivity) silicon technology are being deployed in increasing numbers in today's advanced RF cellular handsets in order to provide increasing data rates demanded by the consumer market. These RFSOI solutions are being deployed to meet the demanding specifications of complex 4G RF cellular front-ends with numerous transmit and receive bands, as well as the possibility of multiple antennae and new architectures which involves Uplink and Downlink carrier aggregation. Such new architectures present extreme challenges for conventional fixed band systems composed of PA's, switches and filters. The talk will present a chronology of the RFSOI-on-HR silicon technology development in the industry through the last decade and highlight novel uses of its capabilities in 4G systems as well as the critical specifications needed in this application space.
只提供摘要形式。使用RFSOI-on-HR(高电阻率)硅技术的可调谐和可重构应用正在越来越多地部署在当今先进的射频蜂窝手机中,以提供消费市场所需的不断增长的数据速率。这些RFSOI解决方案的部署是为了满足复杂的4G射频蜂窝前端的苛刻规格,具有多个发射和接收频带,以及多天线和涉及上行和下行链路载波聚合的新架构的可能性。这样的新架构对由PA、开关和滤波器组成的传统固定频带系统提出了极大的挑战。本次演讲将介绍RFSOI-on-HR硅技术在过去十年中的发展情况,并重点介绍其在4G系统中的新用途以及该应用领域所需的关键规范。
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引用次数: 0
Engineered substrates: The foundation to meet current and future RF requirements 工程基板:满足当前和未来射频需求的基础
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114561
Jean-Marc Le Meil, B. Aspar, E. Desbonnets, J. Raskin
The increasing demand for wireless data bandwidth and the rapid adoption of LTE and LTE Advanced standards push radio-frequency (RF) IC designers to develop devices with higher levels of integrated RF functions, meeting more and more stringent specification levels. The substrates on which those devices are manufactured play a major role in achieving that level of performance [1]. In this paper, Soitec and UCL explain the value of using RF-SOI substrates and more especially the new generation of Soitec widely adopted eSI™ (enhanced Signal Integrity) substrate to achieve the RF IC performance requested to address the LTE Advanced smart phone market.
对无线数据带宽日益增长的需求以及LTE和LTE Advanced标准的快速采用推动射频(RF) IC设计人员开发具有更高级别集成射频功能的设备,以满足越来越严格的规范水平。制造这些器件的基板在实现这一性能水平方面起着重要作用[1]。在本文中,Soitec和UCL解释了使用RF- soi基板的价值,尤其是新一代Soitec广泛采用的eSI™(增强信号完整性)基板,以实现满足LTE高级智能手机市场所需的RF IC性能。
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引用次数: 3
The applications of power integrated circuits with energy saving 具有节能功能的电源集成电路的应用
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114541
T. Liang
Summary form only given. With the development of information technology, the power supplies for ITs' products have become more and more important. However, the power consumption and standby power losses for IT products such as data centers are increasing, which become a serious problem. Power electronics technologies are promising for energy saving. In this presentation, the market of power integrated circuits will be addressed first. The power losses on power adaptor with full load condition and light load condition are discussed. Finally, a high efficiency single-stage adaptor with primary control and quasi-resonant control is proposed. The experimental results are also provided to verify the performance of the proposed power integrated circuits.
只提供摘要形式。随着信息技术的发展,ITs产品的电源变得越来越重要。然而,数据中心等IT产品的功耗和待机功耗日益增加,成为一个严重的问题。电力电子技术在节能方面前景广阔。在本报告中,将首先讨论功率集成电路的市场。讨论了电源适配器在满载和轻载情况下的功率损耗。最后,提出了一种具有初级控制和准谐振控制的高效单级适配器。实验结果验证了所提出的功率集成电路的性能。
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引用次数: 0
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VLSI Design, Automation and Test(VLSI-DAT)
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