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Diagnosing timing related cell internal defects for FinFET technology FinFET技术中定时相关单元内部缺陷的诊断
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114547
Huaxing Tang, Ting-Pu Tai, Wu-Tung Cheng, B. Benware, F. Hapke
The semiconductor industry is encountering an increasing number of front-end-of-line defects in the advanced FinFET technology nodes due to extremely small feature size and complex manufacturing processes required for FinFET transistors. Traditional delay diagnosis algorithm has a limited support for cell internal timing related failures based on transition delay faults, and tends to provide a large suspect list. It cannot provide the precise defect location inside the cell that is necessary for effective physical failure analysis and statistical yield learning. In this work, we present a new cell-aware delay diagnosis algorithm, based on accurate delay fault models derived by analog simulation, which can pinpoint the defect location within a cell for various timing related cell internal defects. Preliminary results for real silicon failures show that significant diagnosis resolution improvement can be achieved by the proposed method.
由于FinFET晶体管极小的特征尺寸和复杂的制造工艺,半导体行业在先进的FinFET技术节点上遇到了越来越多的前端线缺陷。传统的延迟诊断算法对基于转移延迟故障的单元内部时序相关故障的支持有限,并且往往提供较大的怀疑列表。它不能提供单元内部精确的缺陷位置,而这是有效的物理失效分析和统计良率学习所必需的。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种新的细胞感知延迟诊断算法,该算法基于模拟仿真得出的精确延迟故障模型,可以精确定位细胞内各种与时间相关的细胞内部缺陷的缺陷位置。对实际硅故障的初步分析结果表明,该方法可显著提高诊断分辨率。
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引用次数: 9
ROBDD-based area minimization synthesis for reconfigurable single-electron transistor arrays 基于robdd的可重构单电子晶体管阵列面积最小化合成
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114494
Yi-Hang Chen, Yang-Wen Chen, Juinn-Dar Huang
The power dissipation has become a crucial issue for most electronic circuit and system designs nowadays when fabrication processes exploit even deeper submicron technology. In particular, leakage power is becoming a dominant source of power consumption. In recent years, the reconfigurable single-electron transistor (SET) array has been proposed as an emerging circuit design style for continuing Moore's Law due to its ultra-low power consumption. Several automated synthesis techniques for area minimization have been developed for the reconfigurable SET array in the past few years. Nevertheless, most of those existing methods focus on variable and product term reordering during SET mapping. In fact, minimizing the number of product terms can greatly reduce the area as well, which has not been well addressed before. In this paper, we propose a dynamic shifting based variable ordering algorithm that can minimize the number of disjoint sum-of-product terms extracted from the given ROBDD. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve an area reduction of up to 49% as compared to current state-of-the-art techniques.
当制造工艺采用更深层次的亚微米技术时,功耗已成为大多数电子电路和系统设计的关键问题。特别是,泄漏功率正在成为电力消耗的主要来源。近年来,可重构单电子晶体管(SET)阵列因其超低功耗而被提出作为一种延续摩尔定律的新兴电路设计风格。近年来,针对可重构SET阵列开发了几种面积最小化的自动合成技术。然而,现有的方法大多侧重于SET映射过程中变量和产品项的重新排序。事实上,减少产品术语的数量也可以大大减少面积,这是以前没有很好地解决的问题。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于动态移位的变量排序算法,该算法可以最大限度地减少从给定的ROBDD中提取的不相交积和项的数量。实验结果表明,与目前最先进的技术相比,该方法可以实现高达49%的面积缩小。
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引用次数: 5
Trinocular adaptive window size disparity estimation algorithm and its real-time hardware 三视自适应窗大小视差估计算法及其实时硬件
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114525
Abdulkadir Akin, Raffaele Capoccia, Jonathan Narinx, I. Baz, A. Schmid, Y. Leblebici
This paper proposes a hardware-oriented trinocular adaptive window size disparity estimation (T-AWDE) algorithm and the first real-time trinocular disparity estimation (DE) hardware that targets high-resolution images with high-quality disparity results. The proposed trinocular DE hardware is the enhanced version of the recently published binocular AWDE implementation. The T-AWDE hardware generates a very high-quality depth map by merging two depth maps obtained from the center-left and center-right camera pairs. The T-AWDE hardware enhances disparity results by applying a double checking scheme which solves most of the occlusion problems existing in the AWDE implementation while providing correct disparity results even for objects located at left or right edge of the center image. The proposed T-AWDE hardware architecture enables handling 55 frames per second on a Virtex-7 FPGA at a 1024×768 XGA video resolution for a 128 pixels disparity range.
本文提出了一种面向硬件的三眼自适应窗大小视差估计(T-AWDE)算法,并首次提出了针对高分辨率图像的实时三眼视差估计(DE)硬件。所提出的三视角的DE硬件是最近发布的双目AWDE实现的增强版本。T-AWDE硬件通过合并从中左和中右相机对获得的两个深度图来生成非常高质量的深度图。T-AWDE硬件通过采用双重检查方案来增强视差结果,该方案解决了AWDE实现中存在的大部分遮挡问题,同时即使对于位于中心图像左侧或右侧边缘的物体也能提供正确的视差结果。提出的T-AWDE硬件架构能够在Virtex-7 FPGA上以1024×768 XGA视频分辨率处理每秒55帧,视差范围为128像素。
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引用次数: 13
Routability-driven floorplanning algorithm for mixed-size modules with fixed-outline constraint 具有固定轮廓约束的混合大小模块的可达性驱动平面规划算法
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114531
Jai-Ming Lin, Chih-Yao Hu, Kai-Chung Chan
Floorplanning is one of the most important steps in the physical design. Traditional floorplanning focuses on minimizing wirelength and area. As design complexity grows, more and more nets need to be routed in a chip, which makes routing difficulty increase dramatically in modern ICs. Hence, it is necessary to consider net routability during floorplanning. This paper proposes the first work to consider routability and wirelength in floorplanning with fixed-outline constraint by using an analytical based approach. To estimate congestion more accurately, we also propose a new model to measure net usages, and transform the model into differentiable functions such that they can be solved by the optimization approach. The proposed method is efficient and effective, and the experimental results demonstrate the approach can actually reduce overflows without increasing routing wirelength.
平面规划是物理设计中最重要的步骤之一。传统的地板规划侧重于最小化布线和面积。随着设计复杂性的增加,越来越多的网络需要在一个芯片中路由,这使得现代集成电路的路由难度急剧增加。因此,在平面规划时考虑网络可达性是必要的。本文提出了采用基于分析的方法来考虑固定轮廓约束下地板规划中的可达性和无线长度的第一项工作。为了更准确地估计拥塞,我们还提出了一个新的模型来衡量网络使用量,并将该模型转化为可微函数,以便通过优化方法求解。实验结果表明,该方法可以在不增加路由长度的情况下有效地减少溢出。
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引用次数: 2
Design of near-threshold microcontroller for wireless sensing applications 面向无线传感应用的近阈值微控制器设计
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114497
Wei-Xiang Tang, Keng-Yu Lin, Po-Han Haung
This paper reveals an in-house microcontroller, BLAZE, running at 1MHz and 0.4V. In order to deploy BLAZE under strict environments, an on-chip distributed voltage compensator is proposed. With these compensators whose layout size are similar to standard DECAP cell, the voltage stability improves more than 20.3% compared to DECAP cells. To reduce the extra power source and level-shifter a single voltage IO cell is proposed with less than 28% performance degradation. BLAZE is also evaluated for wireless sensing applications, and the results show that BLAZE is more suitable to work under near-threshold regime than race-to-sleep.
本文展示了一个内部微控制器BLAZE,运行在1MHz和0.4V。为了在严格的环境下部署BLAZE,提出了一种片上分布式电压补偿器。这些补偿器的布局尺寸与标准DECAP电池相似,与DECAP电池相比,电压稳定性提高了20.3%以上。为了减少额外的电源和移电平器,提出了一种性能下降小于28%的单电压IO电池。BLAZE还对无线传感应用进行了评估,结果表明BLAZE更适合在近阈值状态下工作,而不是在争抢睡眠状态下工作。
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引用次数: 0
An impact of process variation on supply voltage dependence of logic path delay variation
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114534
S. Nishizawa, T. Ishihara, H. Onodera
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technique requires accurate observation of critical path delay for robust operation under aggressive supply voltage scaling. Logic paths contain several types of logic gates and path delay have voltage dependences because different logic gates have different voltage dependences. However, it is not well investigated that how the voltage dependence of the path delay changes induced by process variation. This paper describes the effect of the process variation on the voltage dependence of path delay. Ring Oscillator circuits fabricated in 65-nm CMOS process are used for the evaluation and analysis of the process variation dependence of the voltage delay curves.
动态电压和频率缩放(DVFS)技术需要精确地观察关键路径延迟,以便在积极的电源电压缩放下稳健运行。逻辑路径包含几种类型的逻辑门,由于不同的逻辑门具有不同的电压依赖性,因此路径延迟具有电压依赖性。然而,对于过程变化引起的路径延迟的电压依赖性如何变化的研究还不够深入。本文描述了过程变化对路径延迟电压依赖性的影响。采用65纳米CMOS工艺制作的环形振荡器电路,对电压延迟曲线的工艺变化依赖性进行了评价和分析。
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引用次数: 1
A first-order low distortion sigma-delta modulator using split DWA technique and SAR quantizer 一阶低失真σ - δ调制器,采用分割DWA技术和SAR量化器
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114518
Tien-Feng Hsu, Chun-Po Huang, I-Jen Chao, Soon-Jyh Chang
This paper presents a comparator-based OTA first-order discrete-time low-distortion sigma-delta modulator. A split data weighted averaging (DWA) algorithm logic is proposed to release the heavy burden of digital circuit while a 6 bit DAC is implemented in this work. In addition, a comparator-based OTA is used to reduce the power consumption. On the top of that, to achieve lower power consumption, a power efficient SAR quantizer with embedded analog passive adder is proposed to eliminate additional operational amplifier for summation. The modulator core occupies an active area of 0.0275 mm2 in TSMC 90-nm 1P9M CMOS process. Experimental results show that the proposed modulator achieves 59.90 dB SNDR with 0.58 mW power consumption under 1.0 V supply voltage, an OSR of 16 at 65 MHz sampling frequency and 500kHz input frequency.
提出了一种基于比较器的OTA一阶离散时间低失真σ - δ调制器。在实现6位DAC的同时,提出了一种分割数据加权平均(DWA)算法逻辑,以减轻数字电路的繁重负担。此外,还使用了基于比较器的OTA来降低功耗。在此基础上,为了实现更低的功耗,提出了一种嵌入式模拟无源加法器的低功耗SAR量化器,以消除额外的运算放大器进行求和。在台积电90纳米1P9M CMOS工艺中,调制器核心占据0.0275 mm2的有源面积。实验结果表明,该调制器在1.0 V供电电压下的SNDR为59.90 dB,功耗为0.58 mW,在65 MHz采样频率和500kHz输入频率下的OSR为16。
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引用次数: 1
A 802.15.3c/802.11ad dual mode phase noise cancellation for 60 GHz communication systems 802.15.3c/802.11ad双模相位噪声消除60ghz通信系统
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114575
Liang-Yu Huang, Chia-Yi Wu, Chun-Yi Liu, Wei-Chang Liu, Chih-Feng Wu, S. Jou
In this paper, a phase noise cancellation (PNC) architecture is presented for 60 GHz communication systems. The BER performance is severely degraded by the non-ideal carrier frequency in 60 GHz bandwidth, which causes both common phase error (CPE) and residual carrier frequency offset (RCFO). The proposed simplified two-stage CPE algorithm solves the RCFO and common phase nose in the frequency domain and eliminates the constellation rotation on each sub-channel. Two-stage architecture together with deep pipelining technique achieves a high throughput rate. This PNC architecture has been implemented in a SC/OFDM Dual-Mode baseband receiver satisfying the requirements of the 802.15.3c/802.11ad standard with a 40 nm process. The proposed PNC is able to support 64QAM/16QAM for OFDM/SC mode, and can achieve up to 19.2 Giga-bit per second (Gbps) throughput rate at 400 MHz operating frequency with power consumption of 33 mW and area of 0.142 mm2.
提出了一种用于60ghz通信系统的相位噪声消除(PNC)体系结构。在60 GHz带宽范围内,非理想载波频率会导致共相位误差(CPE)和剩余载波频偏(RCFO),严重降低误码率性能。提出的简化两阶段CPE算法在频域上解决了RCFO和共相鼻,消除了各子信道上的星座旋转。两阶段架构结合深度流水线技术实现了高吞吐率。该PNC架构已在SC/OFDM双模基带接收器上实现,该接收器满足802.15.3c/802.11ad标准的要求,采用40 nm工艺。所提出的PNC能够支持OFDM/SC模式的64QAM/16QAM,并且在400 MHz工作频率下可以实现高达19.2千兆位每秒(Gbps)的吞吐率,功耗为33 mW,面积为0.142 mm2。
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引用次数: 6
Adaptive granularity and coordinated management for timely prefetching in multi-core systems 多核系统中及时预取的自适应粒度和协调管理
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2015.7114578
Chia-Jung Chang, Yin-Chi Peng, Chien-Chih Chen, Tien-Fu Chen, P. Yew
For the last decade, there have been varying techniques for hardware prefetching to improve the system performance. However, untimely prefetching may pollution caches and resulting into significant performance degradation. In this work, we introduce an Adaptive Granularity and coordinated Prefetching (AGP) that consists of a coarse-grained and fine-grained prefetched mechanism to provide a better caching environment for parallel applications. AGP targets on the degree-adjusting and location-choosing and tries to minimize the influence caused by prefetcher for each core. AGP could produce more timely prefetched requests reducing the cache pollutions and contentions. Across a variety of PARSEC benchmarks, AGP can contribute 6.5% (up to 36%) of performance improvement on a 4-core multicore system compared to the non-prefetching.
在过去的十年中,为了提高系统性能,出现了各种各样的硬件预取技术。然而,不及时的预取可能会污染缓存并导致显著的性能下降。在这项工作中,我们引入了一种自适应粒度和协调预取(AGP),它由粗粒度和细粒度预取机制组成,为并行应用程序提供更好的缓存环境。AGP以度调整和位置选择为目标,尽量减少预取器对每个核的影响。AGP可以产生更及时的预取请求,减少缓存污染和争用。在各种PARSEC基准测试中,与非预取相比,AGP可以在4核多核系统上贡献6.5%(最高36%)的性能改进。
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引用次数: 0
Semiconductor specialty technologies in IOT era 物联网时代的半导体专业技术
Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2015.7117543
H. Tuan
Summary form only given. Internet of Things (IOT) has caught a lot of attention recently due to tremendous business opportunities. In this talk, the speaker intends to give the historical figures in PC/ NB and smartphones at first, and then bring in the overall view of IOT. And then it will deploy to various semiconductor technology challenges and opportunities for IOT applications, including micro-controllers, micro-processors, wireless technologies, sensors, power managements, etc. The audience should expect to get clearer pictures of devices in IOT from this talk.
只提供摘要形式。由于巨大的商业机会,物联网(IOT)最近引起了人们的广泛关注。在这次演讲中,演讲者打算首先给出PC/ NB和智能手机的历史人物,然后引入物联网的整体观点。然后,它将部署到物联网应用的各种半导体技术挑战和机遇,包括微控制器,微处理器,无线技术,传感器,电源管理等。听众应该期望从这次演讲中获得更清晰的物联网设备图像。
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引用次数: 0
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VLSI Design, Automation and Test(VLSI-DAT)
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