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Do Large Firms Pursue More Process Innovation? A Case of Canadian Manufacturing Industries 大公司追求更多的流程创新吗?加拿大制造业案例
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0718-27242021000200019
Bonwoo Koo, B. Cozzarin
We test the Cohen & Klepper cost-spreading process share hypotheses using unique data from two national innovation surveys (2009 and 2012). To our knowledge, no other study has the same combination as our dataset, in terms of robust data from a mandatory survey, large sample size, diverse measures for innovation output, and no sample selection bias. We use two direct measures of innovation to test the CK hypothesis: R&D expenditure and the number of innovations. An outcome variable that counts the number of innovations can be easier for respondents to recall from memory and they may reflect the firm’s activities more accurately. Using direct measures of innovation eliminates three forms of bias emanating from patents. Our results show that the CK hypotheses can be supported with the aggregated sample, but the results are weak for separate industries. The count-based process share provides statistically superior results to the expenditure-based process share.
我们使用两项国家创新调查(2009年和2012年)的独特数据来检验Cohen和Klepper成本分摊过程的份额假设。据我们所知,就强制性调查的稳健数据、大样本量、创新产出的多样性衡量标准以及没有样本选择偏差而言,没有其他研究与我们的数据集具有相同的组合。我们使用创新的两个直接指标来检验CK假说:研发支出和创新数量。统计创新数量的结果变量更容易让受访者回忆起来,也可能更准确地反映公司的活动。使用直接的创新措施可以消除专利产生的三种形式的偏见。我们的结果表明,总样本可以支持CK假设,但对于单独的行业,结果较弱。基于计数的过程份额提供了比基于支出的过程份额更优越的统计结果。
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引用次数: 0
Patenting Activity on Functional Foods: A Brazilian Scenario 功能性食品的专利活动:巴西的一个场景
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0718-27242021000200070
Daniele Hilachuk, Claudia Crisóstimo, Alvaro José Argemiro da Silva, D. D. Paula
The segment of functional foods is a global trend with expressive growth in recent years. Investments in innovation play an essential role in maintaining the competitiveness of food companies in an increasingly fierce market. This study provides an overview of innovation over the years 2008 to 2020 in the functional foods segment in Brazil by using patenting activity as an indicator of innovation. A patent search was conducted in the National Institute of Intellectual Property (INPI) database to identify patent application records on the following functional foods: (i) gluten-free (ii) lactose-free/low-lactose (iii) probiotic (iv) prebiotic and, (v) enriched/fortified products. The main IPC codes retrieved refer to class A23L (33%), A61K (17%), and A23C (10%), confirming the deposits' relationship with human nutrition. From 2015 on, resident applicants stood out, especially in 2017, with the highest number of deposits in the period. Most patent applications target probiotics (35.3%), followed by fortified/enriched products (25.3%), gluten-free (14.3%), lactose-free/low-lactose (13.3%), and prebiotics (11.8%). Brazilian higher education institutions (HEIs) figure among the top resident patent applicants. University-industry partnerships and research-oriented collaborative networks appear to be a feasible way to foster innovation in the food industry in the country. In summary, the patenting activity of functional foods in Brazil has awakened in recent years, showing trends and opportunities for innovation in the functional food segment.
近年来,功能性食品的细分市场是一个全球趋势,并有明显的增长。在日益激烈的市场中,对创新的投资在保持食品公司的竞争力方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究利用专利活动作为创新指标,概述了2008年至2020年巴西功能性食品领域的创新情况。在国家知识产权研究所(INPI)数据库中进行了专利检索,以确定以下功能性食品的专利申请记录:(i)无麸质(ii)无乳糖/低乳糖(iii)益生菌(iv)益生元和(v)强化/强化产品。检索到的主要IPC代码涉及A23L类(33%)、A61K类(17%)和A23C类(10%),证实了沉积物与人类营养的关系。从2015年开始,居民申请者脱颖而出,尤其是在2017年,其存款数量创下历史新高。大多数专利申请针对益生菌(35.3%),其次是强化/富集产品(25.3%)、无麸质产品(14.3%)、不含乳糖/低乳糖产品(13.3%)和益生元产品(11.8%)。巴西高等教育机构(HEI)是居前专利申请人之一。大学与行业的合作伙伴关系和以研究为导向的合作网络似乎是促进该国食品行业创新的可行途径。总之,近年来,巴西功能性食品的专利申请活动有所觉醒,显示出功能性食品领域的创新趋势和机遇。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative Analysis of Unmanned Aircraft Regulations for The Development Of Startups 无人机法规对创业公司发展的比较分析
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0718-27242021000200041
Thiago de Souza Beté, J. Storópoli, H. Ramos, D. D. M. Conti, C. C. Quaresma, Edson Aparecida de Araujo Querido Oliveira
This article provides a comparative analysis of unmanned aircraft flight regulatory documents to assist and support the construction and development of technology and innovation startups around unmanned aircraft in smart cities. The identification of the main research factor is based on countries with academic scientific production using the database of the Web of Science (WOS) platform. In summary of the results and contributions, a regulatory view and the non-standardization of documents between the countries that present the future trends for the sector was evidenced.
本文对无人驾驶飞机飞行监管文件进行了比较分析,以帮助和支持智能城市中围绕无人驾驶飞机的技术和创新创业公司的建设和发展。主要研究因素的确定是基于使用科学网络平台数据库进行学术科学生产的国家。在总结结果和贡献的过程中,证明了监管观点以及各国之间对该行业未来趋势的文件不标准化。
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引用次数: 1
Mediating Effect of Management Control Systems in The Interaction Between Ambidexterity and Organizational Learning in Brazilian NPO 管理控制系统在巴西非营利组织双元性与组织学习互动中的中介作用
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0718-27242021000200056
Adriana de Azevedo Ramos Bandeira Arantes, Juliano Lima Soares
This paper investigates the mediating effect of management control systems in the interaction between ambidexterity and organizational learning in Brazilian non-profit organizations. Organizational learning is addressed in the literature as an antecedent of ambidexterity, whereas the use of management control systems finds dichotomous evidence in the literature as to its effect concerning those previous constructs. This descriptive research with a quantitative approach was carried out through a survey. The research sample comprised 227 valid responses collected from the presidents of the organizations. This work reveals the positive relationship between organizational learning and ambidexterity, as well as observing that the use of management control systems tends to inhibit innovation through a mediating effect. The approach of these constructs in nonprofit environments contributes to the need for sustainability of these organizations. Findings highlight the innovative panorama of these organizations between exploitation and exploration strategies and the achievement of ambidextrous skills, also pointing out the use of management control systems, as well as the evidence of organizational learning.
本文研究了巴西非营利组织管理控制系统在二元性与组织学习互动中的中介作用。组织学习在文献中被认为是二元性的前提,而管理控制系统的使用在文献中发现了关于其对先前结构的影响的二分法证据。这项采用定量方法的描述性研究是通过调查进行的。研究样本包括从各组织主席那里收集的227份有效回复。这项工作揭示了组织学习和二元性之间的积极关系,并观察到管理控制系统的使用往往通过中介效应抑制创新。非营利环境中这些结构的方法有助于这些组织的可持续性。研究结果突出了这些组织在开发和探索战略与实现双手灵巧技能之间的创新全景,也指出了管理控制系统的使用,以及组织学习的证据。
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引用次数: 1
Removal of hexavalent chromium from graphene oxide supported on a cellulose acetate and polyacrylic acid membrane 从醋酸纤维素和聚丙烯酸膜支撑的氧化石墨烯中去除六价铬
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.35429/jti.2021.22.8.1.8
Juan Antonio Sánchez-Márquez, R. Fuentes-Ramírez, Z. Gamiño-Arroyo
This work focused on the study of the hexavalent chromium removal process from graphene oxide supported on a cross-linked cellulose acetate and polyacrylic acid polymeric membrane. The membranes were synthesized by the phase inversion method and Graphene oxide was added in proportions of 1% by weight to the polymeric material. Graphene oxide was obtained from crystalline graphite (Electron Microscope Science, No. 70230). The graphite was oxidized using the improved method of Hummers. The characterization of polymer and graphene oxide was made by Raman spectroscopy. The surface charge and point of zero charge of the materials were evaluated using a potentiometric titration method proposed by Loskutov and Kuzin. The removal of Cr (VI) was studied as a function of contact time and of initial concentration of Cr (VI). The removal of Cr (VI) (~90%) mainly occurs in a contact time from 32 to 64 h when the initial concentration of Cr (VI) is 1 mg/L.
本研究主要研究了在交联醋酸纤维素和聚丙烯酸聚合物膜上负载氧化石墨烯去除六价铬的工艺。采用反相法合成了氧化石墨烯膜,并将氧化石墨烯按重量的1%加入到聚合物材料中。从结晶石墨中获得氧化石墨烯(电子显微镜科学,70230号)。采用改进的Hummers氧化法对石墨进行氧化。利用拉曼光谱对聚合物和氧化石墨烯进行表征。用Loskutov和Kuzin提出的电位滴定法测定了材料的表面电荷和零电荷点。研究了接触时间和初始浓度对Cr (VI)去除率的影响。当初始浓度为1 mg/L时,接触时间为32 ~ 64 h,对Cr (VI)的去除率达到90%。
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引用次数: 0
Application of sub-segmentation enhancement in pore detection in soil CT images 子分割增强在土壤CT图像孔隙检测中的应用
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.35429/jti.2021.22.8.9.19
Miguel ARREGUIN-JUÁREZ, J. Quintanilla-Domínguez, B. Ojeda-Magaña, A. M. Tarquis-Alfonso
Computed Tomography imaging is a non-invasive alternative to observe soil structures, mainly the pore space. The porous space corresponds in the image of the soil to an empty or free space in the sense that there is no material present but only fluids and the transport of these depends on the porous spaces in the soil, for this reason it is important to identify the regions that correspond to the pore areas. Due to this, this article presents a methodology based on digital image processing techniques with the objective of segmenting porous spaces in soil images. The methodology consists mainly of two stages. The first is an image contrast enhancement through a nonlinear adaptive transformation function and the second is an image segmentation through a technique known as sub-segmentation enhancement which is based on the Fuzzy Possibilist C clustering algorithm. -Medias (Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means, PFCM). The results obtained in the segmentation stage are compared with the technique known as sub-segmentation or conventional sub-segmentation, which is also based on the PFCM hybrid algorithm. In this article it is shown that both segmentation techniques are robust, but nevertheless the area of opportunity of the classic sub-segmentation and the improvement process that results in the new sub-segmentation or improvement of the sub-segmentation are also shown. segmentation.
计算机断层扫描成像是一种非侵入性的方法来观察土壤结构,主要是孔隙空间。在土壤的图像中,多孔空间对应于一个空的或自由的空间,在这个意义上,没有物质存在,只有流体,这些流体的运输取决于土壤中的多孔空间,因此,识别与孔隙区域对应的区域是很重要的。鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于数字图像处理技术的方法,目的是分割土壤图像中的多孔空间。该方法主要包括两个阶段。第一个是通过非线性自适应变换函数增强图像对比度,第二个是通过基于模糊可能性C聚类算法的子分割增强技术进行图像分割。-介质(可能性模糊c均值,PFCM)。将分割阶段得到的结果与基于PFCM混合算法的子分割或常规子分割技术进行比较。本文表明,这两种分割技术都是鲁棒的,但尽管如此,经典子分割的机会领域和改进过程,导致新的子分割或改进的子分割也被显示。分割。
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引用次数: 0
How Can Digital Sharing Economy Reduce Unemployment? 数字共享经济如何减少失业?
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-05-30 DOI: 10.4067/s0718-27242021000100051
Iveta Fodranová, Mária Antalová
The primary prerequisite for the development of a collaborative economy is the rapid growth of information technologies. A new way of communication, together with online platforms, created Internet marketplaces, which enabled the meeting of supply and demand in the virtual space. However, such a conversion of the economy is necessarily accompanied by extensive transformations on the labor market. We investigated the impact of digitalization on the labor market via the correlation between Internet users and unemployment on the European market. Based on data set we identified statistically significant effects. However, the value of the correlation coefficient could be increased not only by accelerating digitalization but also by investing in overcoming the language barrier in a multicultural Europe.
发展协同经济的首要前提是信息技术的快速发展。一种新的交流方式与在线平台一起创造了互联网市场,使虚拟空间的供需得以满足。然而,这种经济转型必然伴随着劳动力市场的广泛变革。我们通过欧洲市场互联网用户与失业率之间的相关性来研究数字化对劳动力市场的影响。根据数据集,我们确定了统计上显著的效果。然而,相关系数的价值不仅可以通过加速数字化,还可以通过在多元文化的欧洲投资克服语言障碍来提高。
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引用次数: 0
The Strategic Role of Design in Driving Digital Innovation: A Theoretical Foundation 设计在推动数字化创新中的战略作用:一个理论基础
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-05-30 DOI: 10.4067/s0718-27242021000100058
Zitong Gao, D. Hands
The emergent theme of design led innovation is well recognized now. Yet, the association between 'design' and 'digital innovation' remains largely under-explored. In order to help enterprises in the pressure of  digital environment to better understand the role of design in promoting digital innovation. Based on the literature, this paper explores the unique characteristics of digital innovation from three aspects: content, organization and impact. On this basis, it conduct a systematic analysis for the role of design in digital innovation. The contribution of this paper is to: (1) explore the practice and significance of design in the digital innovation; (2) make guideness to companies and designers who are committed to adding value to their products or business through digital innovation. This paper argue that design has an intensive strategy role in promoting digital innovation in three aspects. The application of design needs to pay more attention to its overall effectiveness.
设计引领创新这一新兴主题现在得到了广泛认可。然而,“设计”和“数字创新”之间的联系在很大程度上仍未得到充分探索。以帮助企业在数字化环境的压力下更好的理解设计在推动数字化创新中的作用。在文献基础上,本文从内容、组织和影响三个方面探讨了数字创新的独特性。在此基础上,系统分析了设计在数字创新中的作用。本文的贡献在于:(1)探索设计在数字化创新中的实践与意义;(2)为致力于通过数字创新为产品或业务增值的公司和设计师提供指导。本文认为设计在三个方面对数字创新的推动具有重要的战略作用。设计的应用更需要关注其整体有效性。
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引用次数: 2
The Chilean Sectoral Innovation Systems: An Approach from The National Innovation Survey 智利部门创新系统:来自国家创新调查的方法
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-05-30 DOI: 10.4067/s0718-27242021000100003
Cristián Gutiérrez, P. Roa, Jerome Smith
This paper proposes a configuration and characterisation of the economic sectors in Chile applying Malerba’s sectoral innovation systems approach. Its objective is to examine the existence of sectoral systems of innovation in Chile and their characteristics.Using data from the Chilean Tenth Innovation Survey of Firms, a three-step statistical analysis was performed. In the first step, 15 variables were chosen and converted by factor analysis into four components reflecting the configuration of the sectoral system. In the second step, a cluster analysis was carried out to determine the characterisation of the sectors. In the final step, a simple econometric model was developed to estimate a proxy for the propensity to patent of the economic sectors.It is possible to discover the existence of three groups of sectoral innovation systems. One is characterised by a low propensity to patent. Another one uses market information and some effort in R&D to innovate. A third one is characterised by a strong use of market sources, high effort in R&D, strong networking and collaboration, and a close interaction with the industrial property system.This paper shows the usefulness of composite variables in identifying those sectors with higher propensity to patent. In particular, the factor networks and collaboration is the most important. This last is important to highlight in terms of policies in science and technology that aim to establish formal mechanisms to share common knowledge strengthening the relationships among the different players of the innovation process
本文运用Malerba的部门创新系统方法,提出了智利经济部门的配置和特征。其目的是审查智利部门创新体系的存在及其特点。利用智利第十次企业创新调查的数据,进行了三步统计分析。在第一步中,选择了15个变量,并通过因子分析将其转换为反映部门系统配置的四个组成部分。在第二步中,进行了聚类分析,以确定各部门的特征。在最后一步中,开发了一个简单的计量经济模型来估计经济部门专利倾向的代表。可以发现存在三组部门创新系统。一个特点是专利倾向低。另一种是利用市场信息和研发方面的一些努力进行创新。第三个特点是大力利用市场资源,大力研发,强大的网络和协作,以及与工业产权系统的密切互动。本文展示了复合变量在识别那些具有更高专利倾向的部门方面的有用性。特别是,要素网络和协作是最重要的。最后一点在科学和技术政策方面很重要,旨在建立正式机制来分享共同知识,加强创新过程中不同参与者之间的关系
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引用次数: 1
Entrepreneurial Alertness, Innovation Modes, And Business Models in Small- And Medium-Sized Enterprises: An Exploratory Quantitative Study 创业警觉性、创新模式与中小企业商业模式:探索性定量研究
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-05-30 DOI: 10.4067/s0718-27242021000100023
Héctor Montiel-Campos
Entrepreneurial alertness refers to the ability to process information and signals from the environment so that individuals can recognize business opportunities, whereas innovation modes depict the variation in firms’ approaches to innovation. Innovation modes have important implications in the way firms compete; however, little research has been done about the relationship among entrepreneurial alertness, innovation modes, and business model in firms. This study explores whether entrepreneurial alertness dimensions influence business models through their effect on firms’ innovation modes. Using survey data from analysis of 119 manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises in Mexico using structural equation modelling, this study shows that entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial alertness dimensions have different impacts on innovation modes, which thus have different effects on the efficiency and novelty of business models
企业家警觉性是指处理来自环境的信息和信号的能力,从而使个人能够识别商业机会,而创新模式则描述了企业创新方法的变化。创新模式对企业竞争方式具有重要影响;然而,关于企业创业警觉性、创新模式和商业模式三者之间关系的研究却很少。本研究探讨创业警觉性维度是否通过对企业创新模式的影响来影响商业模式。本文利用结构方程模型对墨西哥119家制造业中小企业的调查数据进行分析,发现企业家的创业警觉性维度对创新模式有不同的影响,从而对商业模式的效率和新颖性有不同的影响
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Technology Management and Innovation
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