{"title":"Review of Ranzato & Zanotti (2019): Reassessing Dubbing: Historical Approaches and Current Trends","authors":"Pang Li, Chuxin Huang","doi":"10.1075/babel.00321.pan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00321.pan","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44441,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Revue Internationale De La Traduction-International Journal of Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86403780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite a substantial body of scholarship on translations into different languages of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, studies of Chinese translations tend to neglect the more recent and shared translational trends across the Chinese-speaking world. While translations of the complete text establish the book’s reputation by faithfully recreating Alice’s outward adventure, partial translations have emerged in a larger number and enjoyed tremendous popularity. Some of these adapt the source story into a tale of homecoming. Comparing five selected translations in detail, I delve into the translation strategies employed in them to find out how and to what extent the original story is changed. The rationales behind these translations and the changes are discussed through the lens of dual poetics, i.e., the role of translation conceived in the target system of children’s literature and the translators’ child image. It finds that the choice between a full or partial rendering of the original is determined by the changing views of translation in the receiving system. At the same time, degrees of adaptation are almost entirely subject to the translators’ multidimensional concepts of children.
{"title":"Translations of Alice in Wonderland in the Sinosphere","authors":"Xueyi Li","doi":"10.1075/babel.00323.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00323.li","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite a substantial body of scholarship on translations into different languages of Alice’s Adventures\u0000 in Wonderland, studies of Chinese translations tend to neglect the more recent and shared translational trends across\u0000 the Chinese-speaking world. While translations of the complete text establish the book’s reputation by faithfully recreating\u0000 Alice’s outward adventure, partial translations have emerged in a larger number and enjoyed tremendous popularity. Some of these\u0000 adapt the source story into a tale of homecoming. Comparing five selected translations in detail, I delve into the translation\u0000 strategies employed in them to find out how and to what extent the original story is changed. The rationales behind these\u0000 translations and the changes are discussed through the lens of dual poetics, i.e., the role of translation conceived in the target\u0000 system of children’s literature and the translators’ child image. It finds that the choice between a full or partial rendering of\u0000 the original is determined by the changing views of translation in the receiving system. At the same time, degrees of adaptation\u0000 are almost entirely subject to the translators’ multidimensional concepts of children.","PeriodicalId":44441,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Revue Internationale De La Traduction-International Journal of Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87867644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Lee (2023): Kongish: Translanguaging and the Commodification of an Urban Dialect","authors":"L. Wee","doi":"10.1075/babel.00314.wee","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00314.wee","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44441,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Revue Internationale De La Traduction-International Journal of Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78613837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Se aprecia un interés creciente por la literatura africana en España, como demuestran los resultados extraídos de la base de datos bibliográfica especializada BDAFRICA. La literatura poscolonial presenta unos rasgos característicos de los que no siempre son conscientes las editoriales, que a menudo encargan la traducción de estos textos a profesionales no especializados (Fernández Ruiz et al. 2019). Con esta idea en mente, atenderemos aquí a las características propias de la literatura poscolonial y a las peculiaridades de su traducción. Para ello, utilizaremos los ejemplos de traducción que nos proporciona el relato “Miedo y asco a salir de Harare” del escritor zimbabuense Dambudzo Marechera (en La casa del hambre, publicado por la editorial Sajalín en 2014). El método de traducción utilizado es heredero del giro político (Tymoczko y Gentzler 2002) y del giro sociológico (Wolf 2009), abogando por utilizar la traducción como herramienta descolonizadora del texto. Como resultado obtenemos un texto meta marcado por la ausencia de paratextos, que responde a una estrategia de extranjerización para evitar silenciar los rasgos africanos que ha decidido introducir el autor. Con ello, pretendemos contribuir a la sensibilización de los traductores de textos poscoloniales y dejar atrás la violencia epistémica ejercida sobre estas obras literarias en el pasado.
从专门的书目数据库BDAFRICA中提取的结果表明，西班牙对非洲文学的兴趣日益浓厚。后殖民文学呈现出出版商并不总是意识到的特征，他们经常委托非专业人士翻译这些文本(fernandez Ruiz et al. 2019)。考虑到这一点，我们将在这里关注后殖民文学的特点及其翻译的特点。为此，我们将使用津巴布韦作家Dambudzo Marechera的故事《离开哈拉雷的恐惧和厌恶》(in the house of hunger，由sajalin出版社于2014年出版)提供的翻译例子。本文采用的翻译方法继承了政治转向(Tymoczko and Gentzler 2002)和社会学转向(Wolf 2009)，主张将翻译作为文本的非殖民化工具。在这篇文章中，我们提出了一种方法，在这种方法中，作者试图将非洲人的特征与非洲人的特征区分开来。通过这种方式，我们希望有助于提高后殖民文本的译者的意识，并将过去对这些文学作品的认知暴力抛弃。
{"title":"Traducir literatura africana poscolonial","authors":"María Remedios Fernández-Ruiz","doi":"10.1075/babel.00322.fer","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00322.fer","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Se aprecia un interés creciente por la literatura africana en España, como demuestran los resultados extraídos de\u0000 la base de datos bibliográfica especializada BDAFRICA. La literatura poscolonial presenta unos rasgos característicos de los que\u0000 no siempre son conscientes las editoriales, que a menudo encargan la traducción de estos textos a profesionales no especializados\u0000 (Fernández Ruiz et al. 2019). Con esta idea en mente, atenderemos aquí a las\u0000 características propias de la literatura poscolonial y a las peculiaridades de su traducción. Para ello, utilizaremos los ejemplos\u0000 de traducción que nos proporciona el relato “Miedo y asco a salir de Harare” del escritor zimbabuense Dambudzo Marechera (en\u0000 La casa del hambre, publicado por la editorial Sajalín en 2014).\u0000 El método de traducción utilizado es heredero del giro político (Tymoczko y\u0000 Gentzler 2002) y del giro sociológico (Wolf 2009), abogando\u0000 por utilizar la traducción como herramienta descolonizadora del texto. Como resultado obtenemos un texto meta marcado por la\u0000 ausencia de paratextos, que responde a una estrategia de extranjerización para evitar silenciar los rasgos africanos que ha\u0000 decidido introducir el autor. Con ello, pretendemos contribuir a la sensibilización de los traductores de textos poscoloniales y\u0000 dejar atrás la violencia epistémica ejercida sobre estas obras literarias en el pasado.","PeriodicalId":44441,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Revue Internationale De La Traduction-International Journal of Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88960889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims at investigating the phenomenon of censoring and withholding translated books in Jordan. The source of data is a list of all banned translated books at Yarmouk University Library in Jordan (n = 60). The list was first analyzed and classified thematically. Qualitative data were obtained via semi-structured interviews with the librarians. When available, reference was made to the paratextual material of the withheld translated books. Moreover, the official website of the Jordan Media Commission was consulted to identify the factors that may contribute to censoring and blocking translated works in Jordan. The results show that librarians ban books for various religious, moral, social, political, and ideological reasons. Furthermore, it was revealed that censorship in Jordan is subjectively conducted and does not follow clear-cut rules and regulations. Finally, using paratextual elements in investigating the motives for censoring books proved to be an effective method.
{"title":"Words with borders","authors":"Bilal Sayaheen, Ibrahim Darwish","doi":"10.1075/babel.00326.say","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00326.say","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study aims at investigating the phenomenon of censoring and withholding translated books in Jordan. The\u0000 source of data is a list of all banned translated books at Yarmouk University Library in Jordan (n = 60). The\u0000 list was first analyzed and classified thematically. Qualitative data were obtained via semi-structured interviews with the\u0000 librarians. When available, reference was made to the paratextual material of the withheld translated books. Moreover, the\u0000 official website of the Jordan Media Commission was consulted to identify the factors that may contribute to censoring and\u0000 blocking translated works in Jordan. The results show that librarians ban books for various religious, moral, social, political,\u0000 and ideological reasons. Furthermore, it was revealed that censorship in Jordan is subjectively conducted and does not follow\u0000 clear-cut rules and regulations. Finally, using paratextual elements in investigating the motives for censoring books proved to be\u0000 an effective method.","PeriodicalId":44441,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Revue Internationale De La Traduction-International Journal of Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79950042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the influence of the socio-political environment on the publication of the first translation into Catalan of Anne Frank’s diary (Folch i Camarasa 1959), which had passages cut from the Spanish rendition in 1955. Based on two translations of the same text into two languages spoken in Spain, the analysis will center on the impact of the changes that occurred during the 1950s, characterized by a moderate “opening up.” Attention will be drawn to the role played by the Catalonian publishing industry in reviving cultural production at a time when the voices of the Other were subject to strict control. The efforts to ensure that the book – penned by an author whose testimony pertained to a distant reality – was available in Catalan show the willingness to use translation to question the dominant hegemonic discourse. Furthermore, the text can be considered the initiator of the development undergone by the publishing sector in Catalonia starting in 1962. On the other hand, tolerance of this translation is to be explained because the Francoist regime had to adapt to the circumstances and make concessions to promote a positive international image.
本文考察了社会政治环境对安妮·弗兰克日记(Folch i Camarasa 1959)加泰罗尼亚语第一次翻译出版的影响，该日记在1955年从西班牙语版本中删除了一些段落。以同一文本的两种西班牙语言译本为基础，分析将集中在20世纪50年代发生的变化的影响上，其特点是适度的“开放”。在“他者”的声音受到严格控制的情况下，加泰罗尼亚出版业在恢复文化生产方面发挥的作用将受到关注。确保这本书——作者的证词与遥远的现实有关——以加泰罗尼亚语出版的努力表明，他们愿意用翻译来质疑占主导地位的霸权话语。此外，该文本可以被认为是加泰罗尼亚出版部门从1962年开始发展的发起者。另一方面，对这种翻译的容忍是可以解释的，因为弗朗哥政权必须适应环境，做出让步，以促进积极的国际形象。
{"title":"El franquismo frente a otras voces","authors":"María Jesús Fernández-Gil","doi":"10.1075/babel.00311.fer","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00311.fer","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper examines the influence of the socio-political environment on the publication of the first translation\u0000 into Catalan of Anne Frank’s diary (Folch i Camarasa 1959), which had passages cut from\u0000 the Spanish rendition in 1955. Based on two translations of the same text into two languages spoken in Spain, the analysis will\u0000 center on the impact of the changes that occurred during the 1950s, characterized by a moderate “opening up.” Attention will be\u0000 drawn to the role played by the Catalonian publishing industry in reviving cultural production at a time when the voices of the\u0000 Other were subject to strict control. The efforts to ensure that the book – penned by an author whose testimony pertained to a\u0000 distant reality – was available in Catalan show the willingness to use translation to question the dominant hegemonic discourse.\u0000 Furthermore, the text can be considered the initiator of the development undergone by the publishing sector in Catalonia starting\u0000 in 1962. On the other hand, tolerance of this translation is to be explained because the Francoist regime had to adapt to the\u0000 circumstances and make concessions to promote a positive international image.","PeriodicalId":44441,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Revue Internationale De La Traduction-International Journal of Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75029673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on paratextual elements in the form of endnotes and footnotes in four annotated English translations of Mikhail Bulgakov’s most famous novel, The Master and Margarita. The paper aims to analyze the translators’ perception of the reader’s cultural knowledge, what the translators believe the audience might not know that they consider important, and the translators’ ability to recognize Bulgakov’s allusions and references. The paper explores the thematic categories and the content of the notes to evaluate how they introduce the readers to a different cultural environment and to what extent the notes are helpful to the reader. The empirical section is based on an analysis of more than five hundred footnotes and endnotes divided into thematic categories. The importance of notes in understanding translators’ decisions based on assumptions about what may be unfamiliar to the target audience has been extensively researched (Toledano-Buendia 2013; Landers 2001; Sanchez Ortiz 2015; Pellatt 2013). No scholarly attention has so far been paid to any paratextual material connected to the English translations of Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita, which is one of the most often retranslated works of fiction of Russian classics.
{"title":"Notes in English retranslations of Mikhail Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita","authors":"N. Vid","doi":"10.1075/babel.00310.vid","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00310.vid","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper focuses on paratextual elements in the form of endnotes and footnotes in four annotated English\u0000 translations of Mikhail Bulgakov’s most famous novel, The Master and Margarita. The paper aims to analyze the\u0000 translators’ perception of the reader’s cultural knowledge, what the translators believe the audience might not know that they\u0000 consider important, and the translators’ ability to recognize Bulgakov’s allusions and references. The paper explores the thematic\u0000 categories and the content of the notes to evaluate how they introduce the readers to a different cultural environment and to what\u0000 extent the notes are helpful to the reader. The empirical section is based on an analysis of more than five hundred footnotes and\u0000 endnotes divided into thematic categories. The importance of notes in understanding translators’ decisions based on assumptions\u0000 about what may be unfamiliar to the target audience has been extensively researched (Toledano-Buendia 2013; Landers 2001; Sanchez Ortiz 2015; Pellatt 2013). No scholarly\u0000 attention has so far been paid to any paratextual material connected to the English translations of Bulgakov’s The Master\u0000 and Margarita, which is one of the most often retranslated works of fiction of Russian classics.","PeriodicalId":44441,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Revue Internationale De La Traduction-International Journal of Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77077815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a mapping of economic translation based on the content of book chapters and articles published by translation professionals, excluding academic publications. Using quantitative and qualitative bibliometric techniques, we analyze a corpus of 115 publications signed by translators, clients, and other specialists and compare their topics with those of academics. First, there is a downward trend in the number of publications by professionals, with the 1995–2005 period being the most productive. The results also show that some of the content discussed is not described in depth or ends up stagnating and differs from that of academics, suggesting that the interests of professionals and academics rarely converge. Suggestions for future improvement measures related to teaching and research are provided to reduce the gap between the two groups of authors.
{"title":"La traducción económico-financiera vista por los profesionales","authors":"Daniel Gallego Hernández","doi":"10.1075/babel.00315.gal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00315.gal","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article presents a mapping of economic translation based on the content of book chapters and articles\u0000 published by translation professionals, excluding academic publications. Using quantitative and qualitative bibliometric\u0000 techniques, we analyze a corpus of 115 publications signed by translators, clients, and other specialists and compare their topics\u0000 with those of academics. First, there is a downward trend in the number of publications by professionals, with the 1995–2005\u0000 period being the most productive. The results also show that some of the content discussed is not described in depth or ends up\u0000 stagnating and differs from that of academics, suggesting that the interests of professionals and academics rarely converge.\u0000 Suggestions for future improvement measures related to teaching and research are provided to reduce the gap between the two groups\u0000 of authors.","PeriodicalId":44441,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Revue Internationale De La Traduction-International Journal of Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90740866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous research on color idioms has shown that they are often culture-specific, and translating them requires shifting between cognitive frames of reference. However, little research has been carried out on the translation process of such idioms. We investigated how Swedish color idioms were translated into Estonian by professional translators and novices, tracking the components of the translation process, such as time spent on the tasks, resources used, and the importance of context provided. Finally, we detected eight translation strategies used for idiom translation. The strategies used depended on the idiom’s transparency between the source and target language. The conventionality of the idiom seemed to have little impact on the difficulty experienced. Professionals and novices used different approaches to translation which once again confirms the importance of acquired skills and experience. Color idioms can turn out to be false friends. Focusing first and foremost on the idiomaticity of the target language helps. Professionals searched for the target language idiom and used various monolingual resources in the target language while novices searched mainly for source-language idioms and used no monolingual target language web dictionaries.
{"title":"Estonian and Swedish color idioms – shared and unshared","authors":"Merle Oguz, M. Uusküla","doi":"10.1075/babel.00317.ogu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00317.ogu","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Previous research on color idioms has shown that they are often culture-specific, and translating them requires shifting between cognitive frames of reference. However, little research has been carried out on the translation process of such idioms. We investigated how Swedish color idioms were translated into Estonian by professional translators and novices, tracking the components of the translation process, such as time spent on the tasks, resources used, and the importance of context provided. Finally, we detected eight translation strategies used for idiom translation. The strategies used depended on the idiom’s transparency between the source and target language. The conventionality of the idiom seemed to have little impact on the difficulty experienced. Professionals and novices used different approaches to translation which once again confirms the importance of acquired skills and experience. Color idioms can turn out to be false friends. Focusing first and foremost on the idiomaticity of the target language helps. Professionals searched for the target language idiom and used various monolingual resources in the target language while novices searched mainly for source-language idioms and used no monolingual target language web dictionaries.","PeriodicalId":44441,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Revue Internationale De La Traduction-International Journal of Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86689535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores which areas of explicature identification (i.e., disambiguation, reference resolution, saturation, free enrichment, and ad hoc concept constructions) were more attended to in Arabic-English translation. Twenty translators were asked to render from one language into another 50 sentences whose logical form could be enriched by explicatures. Translators were found to attend more to the effects of disambiguation and reference resolution. A demarcation line was drawn between explicatures that called for completing overt logical forms (disambiguation and reference resolution) and those that prompted calculating pragmatic competence and meta-linguistic knowledge (saturation, free enrichment, and ad hoc concept constructions). Using relevance theory as a framework of analysis, we propose that completing overt logical forms is more rewarding and less costly for translators than computing pragmatic competence and meta-linguistic knowledge. The figures corroborated this assumption, which showed that explicature observance was positively correlated with educational attainment and years of experience.
{"title":"Translating explicatures between Arabic and English","authors":"Marwan Jarrah, Rasheed S. Al-Jarrah","doi":"10.1075/babel.00319.alj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00319.alj","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores which areas of explicature identification (i.e., disambiguation, reference resolution,\u0000 saturation, free enrichment, and ad hoc concept constructions) were more attended to in Arabic-English translation. Twenty\u0000 translators were asked to render from one language into another 50 sentences whose logical form could be enriched by explicatures.\u0000 Translators were found to attend more to the effects of disambiguation and reference resolution. A demarcation line was drawn\u0000 between explicatures that called for completing overt logical forms (disambiguation and reference resolution) and those that\u0000 prompted calculating pragmatic competence and meta-linguistic knowledge (saturation, free enrichment, and ad hoc concept\u0000 constructions). Using relevance theory as a framework of analysis, we propose that completing overt logical forms is more\u0000 rewarding and less costly for translators than computing pragmatic competence and meta-linguistic knowledge. The figures\u0000 corroborated this assumption, which showed that explicature observance was positively correlated with educational attainment and\u0000 years of experience.","PeriodicalId":44441,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Revue Internationale De La Traduction-International Journal of Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78122764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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