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Convergence and gaps: a cross-case analysis of authentic translation projects implemented in translator education 趋同与差距:跨案例分析翻译教育中实施的正版翻译项目
IF 1.5 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/1750399X.2022.2082813
Ruiyang Li
ABSTRACT In 2000, Kiraly published his monograph A Social Constructive Approach to Translator Education, which catapulted project-based translator training into prominence. Since then, many empirical studies have been conducted, all focusing on a single project. Despite cumulative evidence of the efficacy of this student-centred approach, we perceive the lack of a holistic view. Specifically, we wish to understand how authentic translation projects are researched and implemented across different scenarios. To this end, we pooled together 11 representative studies for a meta reflection. We first form a comprehensive base, by cross-examining the studies’ assignments, commissions, temporal and spatial features, workflow, terminology management, technology, scaffoldings, and research design. This is then utilized to scrutinize the critical features of authentic translation projects and to pinpoint some convergence and gaps.
2000年,基拉里出版了专著《翻译教育的社会建构方法》,使基于项目的翻译培训成为人们关注的焦点。从那时起,进行了许多实证研究,都集中在一个项目上。尽管有越来越多的证据表明这种以学生为中心的方法是有效的,但我们认为缺乏整体的观点。具体来说,我们希望了解真实的翻译项目是如何在不同场景下进行研究和实施的。为此,我们汇集了11项具有代表性的研究进行meta反思。我们首先通过交叉审查研究的任务、委托、时间和空间特征、工作流程、术语管理、技术、脚手架和研究设计,形成一个全面的基础。然后利用这一点来仔细审查真实翻译项目的关键特征,并查明一些趋同和差距。
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引用次数: 0
The quality of translation students’ transcriptions for subtitling in healthcare settings 翻译学生在医疗机构的字幕翻译的质量
IF 1.5 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1080/1750399X.2022.2082103
Oktay Eser
ABSTRACT Subtitling in a community setting such as healthcare can satisfy the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) members of the community. It consists of a variety of stages such as transcription, spotting, translation and review. This qualitative study utilising content analysis aims to measure the quality of transcriptions by students of translation and interpreting (T&I) in Turkey as well as speech recognition tools against that of a native speaker. The data was analysed manually. The findings show that in transcribing authentic content on healthcare, student translators experienced challenges including parts of speech and textuality due to the lack of expertise in healthcare translation, poor bilingual skills as well as the speaker’s pace and accent. Speech recognition tools produced better results than student translators, but occasionally had some discrepancies which can be attributed to such reasons as collocations and speaker-related issues. T&I students can be trained with the aid of speech recognition tools to make sure that transcriptions are done more effectively or post-editing skills are improved. Further studies can focus on students at varying levels of language or who have taken a course in AVT, on professional translators, or on other settings of community-based translation.
摘要在医疗保健等社区环境中进行字幕可以满足社区中文化和语言多样性(CALD)成员的需求。它包括转录、发现、翻译和评论等多个阶段。这项利用内容分析的定性研究旨在衡量土耳其翻译和口译(T&I)学生的转录质量,以及与母语人士的语音识别工具。数据是人工分析的。研究结果表明,在转录有关医疗保健的真实内容时,由于缺乏医疗保健翻译方面的专业知识、双语技能差以及说话者的语速和口音,学生译者面临着包括词性和文本性在内的挑战。语音识别工具比学生翻译产生了更好的结果,但偶尔会出现一些差异,这可能是由于搭配和说话者相关问题等原因造成的。可以借助语音识别工具对T&I学生进行培训,以确保更有效地完成转录或提高后期编辑技能。进一步的研究可以集中在不同语言水平的学生,或参加过AVT课程的学生,专业翻译人员,或其他基于社区的翻译环境。
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引用次数: 0
Creation of an audio guide of the faculty of arts at the UPV/EHU: satisfaction of translation and interpreting students 创建UPV/EHU文学院语音指南:翻译和口译学生的满意度
IF 1.5 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1080/1750399X.2022.2051974
José Tomás Conde Ruano, Ana Tamayo
ABSTRACT This paper presents the perceived satisfaction of undergraduate students of translation and interpreting who have taken part in the creation of a multilingual, accessible and inclusive audio guide for the Faculty of Arts at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). A selection of students carried out the translation and proofreading of texts describing architectural spaces of the building, while others provided the recording in one of the languages of the audio guide (Spanish, Basque or English). Data on their satisfaction were collected through a questionnaire circulated in 2020. Results show that students involved in the project differed in their knowledge on accessibility and audio guides, but completed the project generally satisfied with the process and product. In addition, participants were aware of the benefits of such participation for their professional careers, for the institution as well as for the blind and people with low vision that may have need of this audio guide. The questionnaire served as the culmination of the students’ learning process and helped them reflect on the experience, which serves as an example of a learning process aiming to serve the community and easily exportable to other scenarios.
本文介绍了参与巴斯克地区大学(UPV/EHU)文学院多语种、无障碍和包容性音频指南创建的翻译和口译本科生的感知满意度。一些学生进行了描述建筑空间的文本的翻译和校对,而其他人则以语音指南的一种语言(西班牙语,巴斯克语或英语)提供录音。他们的满意度数据是通过2020年分发的一份问卷收集的。结果显示,参与项目的学生对无障碍和语音导览的认知程度存在差异,但完成项目的学生对过程和产品总体满意。此外,与会者认识到这种参与对他们的职业生涯、对该机构以及对可能需要这种音频指南的盲人和低视力人士的好处。问卷作为学生学习过程的高潮,帮助他们反思经验,这是一个学习过程的例子,旨在为社区服务,并很容易导出到其他场景。
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引用次数: 1
Comparability of difficulty levels of translation tasks in CET-6 parallel test forms: evidence from product and process-based data 大学英语六级平行试题中翻译任务难度等级的可比性:来自产品和过程数据的证据
IF 1.5 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-02-14 DOI: 10.1080/1750399X.2022.2036938
Yanmei Liu, Binghan Zheng
ABSTRACT This study investigates the comparability of three parallel translation tasks selected from a College English Test Band-6 (CET-6) and explores the major linguistic features contributing to translation difficulty. Data obtained from the participants’ subjective rating, eye-tracking, and performance evaluation were triangulated to measure the comparability of difficulty levels of parallel translation tasks. Data of word translation entropy, translation errors, and participants’ retrospective reports were correlated to examine the difficulty triggers. The results show that: (i) the text comparability was evidenced by eye-tracking indicators and performance measurements, but not supported by subjective ratings; (ii) the domain content words (DCWs) were reported by the participants as the major cause of translation difficulties and the unequal number of DCWs among the three tasks led to inconsistent ratings for the task difficulty. Our findings suggest that test-takers’ subjective perception and their cognitive skills deserve serious consideration by test designers, as these two factors can better demonstrate difficulty levels among parallel tasks. Our study postulates a new direction to establish a relationship between task characteristics and test validity, and provides suggestions for the CET-6 committee and other examination boards with practical methods to be able to compare the difficulty levels of parallel translation tasks.
摘要本研究考察了大学英语六级考试中三个平行翻译题的可比性,并探讨了导致翻译困难的主要语言特征。从参与者的主观评分、眼动追踪和表现评估中获得的数据进行三角测量,以衡量平行翻译任务难度水平的可比性。单词翻译熵、翻译错误和参与者的回顾性报告数据相互关联,以检验困难触发因素。结果表明:(1)文本可比性得到眼动指标和性能测量的支持,但不受主观评分的支持;(ii)被试认为领域内容词(dcw)是导致翻译困难的主要原因,并且三个任务中dcw的数量不等导致任务难度评分不一致。我们的研究结果表明,考生的主观感知和他们的认知技能值得测试设计者认真考虑,因为这两个因素可以更好地反映并行任务的难度水平。本研究为建立任务特征与测试效度之间的关系提供了一个新的方向,并为六级考试委员会和其他考试委员会提供了切实可行的方法,以便能够比较平行翻译任务的难度水平。
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引用次数: 2
Educating translation ethics: a neurocognitive ethical decision-making approach 翻译伦理教育:一种神经认知的伦理决策方法
IF 1.5 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-01-24 DOI: 10.1080/1750399X.2022.2030534
Mengna Zhou
ABSTRACT Translation ethics today is an area of growing concern, so is its education. In the new millennium, ethics has become an explicit and integrative component of translator education. Meanwhile, the objective of translation ethics education has shifted from preaching abstract, universalistic translator codes of ethics to training translation students’ ethical sensitivity and reflexive moral judgement (i.e., ethical decision-making). This study advances translation ethics education pivoted around students’ translational ethical decision-making competence (TEDC) by first providing a definition and a competence framework for TEDC and then sketching a competence-based education programme targeting translation students’ TEDC. In completing the tasks, this article draws theories and practices from cognitive psychology, where ethical decision-making has been studied extensively. On the one hand, it borrows the Neurocognitive Model of Ethical Decision-making to theorise the dual components of TEDC, i.e., competences of intuitive and rational ethical decision-making. On the other hand, it synthesises the relevant literature on intuition education and rationalist moral education to design a tentative TEDC-targeted translation ethics education programme. It argues that the proposed programme could be put to test in practice, and ethical decision-making holds the potential to become a productive entry point into translator ethics education.
摘要翻译伦理学是一个日益受到关注的领域,其教育也是如此。在新的千年里,伦理学已经成为译者教育的一个明确而综合的组成部分。同时,翻译伦理教育的目标也从宣扬抽象的、普世的翻译伦理准则转变为培养翻译学生的伦理敏感性和反射性道德判断(即伦理决策)。本研究以学生的翻译伦理决策能力(TEDC)为核心,提出了TEDC的定义和能力框架,并针对翻译学生的TEDC提出了基于能力的教育方案。在完成任务的过程中,本文借鉴了认知心理学的理论和实践,在认知心理学中,伦理决策得到了广泛的研究。一方面,它借用了伦理决策的神经认知模型来理论化TEDC的双重组成部分,即直觉和理性的伦理决策能力。另一方面,综合直觉教育和理性主义道德教育的相关文献,设计了一个有针对性的TEDC翻译伦理教育方案。它认为,拟议的方案可以在实践中进行测试,伦理决策有可能成为译者伦理教育的一个富有成效的切入点。
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引用次数: 0
Using Jupyter notebooks as didactic instruments in translation technology teaching Jupyter笔记本作为教学工具在翻译技术教学中的应用
IF 1.5 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.1080/1750399X.2021.2004009
Ralph Krüger
ABSTRACT This paper intends to illustrate the didactic potential of Python-based Jupyter notebooks in teaching translation technology, machine translation in particular, to translation students. It discusses the basic makeup of Jupyter notebooks and shows how these notebooks can be set up for students who have had little to no prior exposure to the Python programming language. Then, the paper discusses the general didactic benefits of Jupyter notebooks for both students and lecturers in a translation studies context. It shows how students can interact with these notebooks, which translation technological and translation-oriented natural language processing (NLP) concepts can be taught using them and to what extent interaction with these notebooks can help students understand, in a very general way, some basic principles of (NLP-oriented) Python programming. Finally, the paper presents the results of a pilot study on the use of Jupyter notebooks in a machine translation course in an MA programme in specialised translation.
摘要本文旨在说明基于Python的Jupyter笔记本在向翻译学生教授翻译技术,特别是机器翻译方面的教学潜力。它讨论了Jupyter笔记本的基本组成,并展示了如何为那些以前几乎没有接触过Python编程语言的学生设置这些笔记本。然后,本文讨论了Jupyter笔记本在翻译研究背景下对学生和讲师的一般教学益处。它展示了学生如何与这些笔记本互动,使用它们可以教授哪些翻译技术和面向翻译的自然语言处理(NLP)概念,以及与这些笔记本的互动在多大程度上可以帮助学生以非常通用的方式理解(面向NLP)Python编程的一些基本原理。最后,本文介绍了在专业翻译硕士课程的机器翻译课程中使用Jupyter笔记本的试点研究结果。
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引用次数: 7
Text corpora, professional translators and translator training 文本语料库、专业翻译人员和翻译人员培训
IF 1.5 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1080/1750399X.2021.2001955
Mikhail Mikhailov
ABSTRACT Although machine translation software and CAT tools are commonly used both by professional translators and by those involved in the training of translators, the usefulness of electronic text corpora for these purposes is less widely known. Corpora of various types have become much easier to access during the last decade, and the main obstacle to their becoming a standard tool for translators is currently the inertia of both the industry and universities. Translator training in universities can play an important role in promoting new working methods. To study to what extent corpora are present in university translator training programmes, a survey was carried out. The responses show that corpora are indeed becoming part of curricula, at least in EU countries. However, the role of corpora in these programmes is often peripheral. For example, compiling Do-It-Yourself corpora – a very important skill for translators – is still taught in only a few university programmes. For the most part, corpora are used mainly as a research instrument rather than as a tool in practical translation work.
摘要尽管机器翻译软件和CAT工具在专业翻译人员和翻译人员培训中都很常用,但电子文本语料库在这些方面的用处却鲜为人知。在过去的十年里,各种类型的语料库变得更加容易获取,而目前行业和大学的惰性是阻碍它们成为翻译人员标准工具的主要障碍。大学的翻译培训可以在促进新的工作方法方面发挥重要作用。为了研究语料库在大学翻译培训项目中的存在程度,进行了一项调查。答复显示,语料库确实正在成为课程的一部分,至少在欧盟国家是这样。然而,社团在这些项目中的作用往往是次要的。例如,编译自己动手语料库——这对译者来说是一项非常重要的技能——仍然只在少数大学课程中教授。在大多数情况下,语料库主要用作研究工具,而不是实际翻译工作中的工具。
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引用次数: 2
Identifying in-demand qualifications and competences for translation curriculum renewal: a content analysis of translation job ads 翻译课程更新所需资格和能力的识别:翻译招聘广告的内容分析
IF 1.5 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1080/1750399X.2021.2017706
Xiangdong Li
ABSTRACT Content analysis of job ads has been used to inform curriculum renewal in many disciplines, but it is not commonplace in Translation Studies. This paper aims to identify qualifications and competences in the translation market through content analysis of translation job ads in China. Four hundred and twenty-nine job ads were collected from the two largest and most popular job search portals in China and coded against a translator competence framework with the assistance of NVivo 11.0. The results suggest that, while prior experience is underscored by employers, a specialised degree in translation, certified status and high-level education are not sought by employers. The most in-demand competences are linguistic competence in working languages, psycho-physiological competence, interpersonal competence, extra-linguistic knowledge, and instrumental competence. Implications are discussed in terms of promotion and marketing, incorporation of field-based experience into classroom learning, pedagogical innovation, curriculum renewal, and admission interviews. This study may inform the evaluation and modification of the translation curriculum for better education and market alignment and guide students in professional development and lifelong learning.
摘要招聘广告的内容分析已被许多学科用来为课程更新提供信息,但在翻译研究中并不常见。本文旨在通过对中国翻译招聘广告的内容分析,确定翻译市场的资质和能力。在NVivo11.0的帮助下,从中国最大、最受欢迎的两个求职门户网站收集了429条招聘广告,并根据翻译能力框架进行了编码。研究结果表明,尽管雇主强调以前的经验,但雇主并不寻求翻译专业学位、认证身份和高水平教育。最需要的能力是工作语言的语言能力、心理生理能力、人际能力、语言外知识和工具能力。从推广和营销、将实地经验融入课堂学习、教学创新、课程更新和入学面试等方面讨论了其影响。这项研究可以为翻译课程的评估和修改提供信息,以更好地进行教育和市场调整,并指导学生的专业发展和终身学习。
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引用次数: 3
Future translatorsʼ views on translation theory: a qualitative approach 从质的角度看未来译者对翻译理论的看法
IF 1.5 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.1080/1750399X.2021.2001189
Pilar Ordóñez López, Rosa Agost
ABSTRACT The practical orientation of undergraduate translation and interpreting degrees in Spain means that less importance is given to theoretical modules, and it is often thought that students doubt the usefulness of these modules and are therefore reluctant to take them. Previous empirical researchhas shown that students are not as averse to theory as is often assumed; in fact, according to these studies, students rate its contribution to their training quite positively. In order to take a further step in the study of students’ views on translation theory, the present study adds a qualitative perspective to (in)validate the results obtained in previous research and explore them in greater depth. Students’ answers to open questions are analysed using Atlas.ti qualitative analysis software to assess how translation theory contributes to their training and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the translation theory module at Jaume I University (Castellón, Spain). Our findings show that fitting translation theory into the training and education of translators is a complex task and they also reveal that cognitive restructuring is needed to help students overcome their tendency to associate theory with complex, dense, difficult-to-grasp and, ultimately, useless concepts.
西班牙本科翻译和口译学位的实践导向意味着理论模块的重要性较低,并且经常被认为学生怀疑这些模块的有用性,因此不愿参加这些模块。先前的实证研究表明,学生并不像人们通常认为的那样厌恶理论;事实上,根据这些研究,学生们对其训练的贡献评价相当积极。为了进一步研究学生对翻译理论的看法,本研究增加了定性的视角来验证之前的研究结果,并对其进行更深入的探讨。使用Atlas分析学生对开放性问题的回答。在Jaume I大学(Castellón,西班牙)使用定性分析软件来评估翻译理论如何对他们的培训做出贡献,并确定翻译理论模块的优缺点。我们的研究结果表明,将翻译理论融入到翻译人员的培训和教育中是一项复杂的任务,他们还揭示了认知重构需要帮助学生克服将理论与复杂、密集、难以掌握和最终无用的概念联系起来的倾向。
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引用次数: 0
Competences of translation project managers from the academic perspective: analysis of EMT programmes 从学术角度看翻译项目经理的能力——EMT项目分析
IF 1.5 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/1750399X.2021.1987085
Cristina Plaza-Lara
ABSTRACT Project management has been established as a way to organise work in the translation industry. Although research on translator competences has become a cornerstone of Translation Studies, scant attention has been paid to the competences of translation project managers (PMs). The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained from a curricular analysis, in order to provide a definition of competences in translation project management based on the academic perspective of the current members of the European Master’s in Translation (EMT) network. This research is preceded by four studies that the author has conducted on this topic. Her purpose is to gather the perspectives of the different stakeholders who should be participating in the definition of competences, i.e. the professional sector and the academic disciplines involved (namely translation and project management). This paper offers an insight into the academic perspective by analysing EMT courses announced for the academic year 2020–2021 in which project management is taught. The results obtained from the curricular analysis presented here will be integrated into the insights gained from the author’s previous research, in order to obtain a more complete picture of translation project managers’ competences.
项目管理已经成为翻译行业组织工作的一种方式。尽管对译者能力的研究已成为翻译研究的基石,但对翻译项目经理能力的研究却很少受到重视。本文的目的是从课程分析中获得的结果,以欧洲翻译硕士(EMT)网络当前成员的学术视角为基础,提供翻译项目管理能力的定义。在这项研究之前,作者对这个主题进行了四项研究。她的目的是收集应该参与能力定义的不同利益相关者的观点,即专业部门和所涉及的学科(即翻译和项目管理)。本文通过分析2020-2021学年的项目管理课程,提供了对学术视角的洞察。从课程分析中获得的结果将与作者之前的研究中获得的见解相结合,以便更全面地了解翻译项目经理的能力。
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引用次数: 4
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Interpreter and Translator Trainer
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