Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355531
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"8 2","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10419122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139676271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355533
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355533","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"8 2","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10419104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139676273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate a highly multiplexing readout for depth-of-interaction (DOI) and time-of-flight PET detector consisting of an $Ntimes N$ crystals whose light outputs at the front and back ends are detected by using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The front $Ntimes N$ SiPM array is read by using a stripline (SL) configured to support discrimination of the row position of the signal-producing crystal. The back $Ntimes N$ SiPM array is similarly read by an SL for column discrimination. Hence, the detector has only four outputs. We built $4times4$ and $8times8$ detector modules (DMs) by using 3.0-mm $^{3},,times3.0$ -mm $^{3},,times20$ -mm3 lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicates. The outputs were sampled and processed offline. For both DMs, crystal discrimination was successful. For the 4 $times $ 4 DM, we obtained an average energy resolution (ER) of 14.1%, an average DOI resolution of 2.5 mm, a non DOI-corrected coincidence resolving time (CRT), measured in coincidence with a single-pixel reference detector (refDet), of about 495ps. For the 8 $times $ 8 DM, the average ER, average DOI resolution and average CRT were 16.4%, 2.9 mm, and 641ps, respectively. We identified the intercrystal scattering as a probable cause for the CRT deterioration when the DM was increased from 4 $times $ 4 to 8 $times $ 8.
我们研究了一种用于交互深度（DOI）和飞行时间 PET 检测器的高复用读出装置，该装置由 N 次 N 元晶体组成，其前后端的光输出通过硅光电倍增管（SiPM）进行检测。前端 N 次 N 个硅光电倍增管阵列通过使用条纹线（SL）读取，条纹线的配置支持对产生信号的晶体的行位置进行区分。后面的 N/times N$ SiPM 阵列同样也是通过一个 SL 来读取，以进行列分辨。因此，检测器只有四个输出。我们使用 3.0mm $^{3}times3.0$ -mm $^{3}times20$ -mm3 镥钇氧硅酸盐制造了 $4times4$ 和 $8times8$ 的探测器模块（DM）。对输出结果进行了采样和离线处理。对于两种 DM，晶体辨别都很成功。对于 4 倍的 4 DM，我们获得的平均能量分辨率（ER）为 14.1%，平均 DOI 分辨率为 2.5 mm，非 DOI 校正的重合分辨时间（CRT）（与单像素参考探测器（refDet）重合测量）约为 495ps。对于 8 $times $ 8 DM，平均 ER、平均 DOI 分辨率和平均 CRT 分别为 16.4%、2.9 mm 和 641ps。当DM从4乘以4增加到8乘以8时，我们发现晶间散射可能是CRT恶化的原因。
{"title":"DOI- and TOF-Capable PET Array Detector Using Double-Ended Light Readout and Stripline-Based Row and Column Electronic Readout","authors":"Fei Wang;Chien-Min Kao;Xiaoyu Zhang;Linfeng Liu;Yuexuan Hua;Heejong Kim;Woon-Seng Choong;Qingguo Xie","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3360942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3360942","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate a highly multiplexing readout for depth-of-interaction (DOI) and time-of-flight PET detector consisting of an \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Ntimes N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 crystals whose light outputs at the front and back ends are detected by using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The front \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Ntimes N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 SiPM array is read by using a stripline (SL) configured to support discrimination of the row position of the signal-producing crystal. The back \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Ntimes N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 SiPM array is similarly read by an SL for column discrimination. Hence, the detector has only four outputs. We built \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$4times4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$8times8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 detector modules (DMs) by using 3.0-mm\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{3},,times3.0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-mm\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{3},,times20$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-mm3 lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicates. The outputs were sampled and processed offline. For both DMs, crystal discrimination was successful. For the 4\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u00004 DM, we obtained an average energy resolution (ER) of 14.1%, an average DOI resolution of 2.5 mm, a non DOI-corrected coincidence resolving time (CRT), measured in coincidence with a single-pixel reference detector (refDet), of about 495ps. For the 8\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u00008 DM, the average ER, average DOI resolution and average CRT were 16.4%, 2.9 mm, and 641ps, respectively. We identified the intercrystal scattering as a probable cause for the CRT deterioration when the DM was increased from 4\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u00004 to 8\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u00008.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"8 3","pages":"269-276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The multi-voltage threshold (MVT) method employs comparators and time-to-digital converters to acquire the samples of a scintillation pulse when it crosses voltage thresholds and recovers the pulse using a prior model. It serves as a versatile pulse digitizing method in particle physics applications, including positron emission tomography (PET) and proton therapy verification. In these applications, the performance of the MVT method is sensitive to voltage threshold settings, leading to deteriorating energy resolution (ER) if the voltage thresholds are not selected for optimized pulse recovery. In this article, we propose a peak-picking MVT (PP-MVT) method that acquires the time and voltage of a pulse peak and recovers the pulse with MVT samples and peak information. Based on a dataset acquired from an LYSO/SiPM PET detector, we evaluate the performance of the two methods under four typical voltage threshold settings. The results show that the worst ER achieved by this method is 13.2%@511 keV, while that achieved by the MVT method is 16.3%@511 keV. Moreover, we implement a preliminary 1-channel peak-picking circuit, which has successfully captured the peak voltages of scintillation pulses. Based on this circuit, we are currently developing a 36-channel PP-MVT digitizer, where the readout unit is multiplexed, thus improving the ER of PET systems with little extra hardware complexity.
多电压阈值（MVT）方法利用比较器和时间数字转换器，在闪烁脉冲越过电压阈值时采集其样本，并利用先前的模型恢复脉冲。它是粒子物理学应用中的一种多功能脉冲数字化方法，包括正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和质子治疗验证。在这些应用中，MVT 方法的性能对电压阈值设置很敏感，如果没有选择优化脉冲恢复的电压阈值，就会导致能量分辨率（ER）下降。在本文中，我们提出了一种采峰 MVT（PP-MVT）方法，它能获取脉冲峰值的时间和电压，并利用 MVT 样本和峰值信息恢复脉冲。基于从 LYSO/SiPM PET 探测器获取的数据集，我们评估了两种方法在四种典型电压阈值设置下的性能。结果表明，该方法实现的最差ER为13.2%@511 keV，而MVT方法实现的最差ER为16.3%@511 keV。此外，我们还初步实现了一个单通道峰值拾取电路，成功捕捉到了闪烁脉冲的峰值电压。在此电路的基础上，我们目前正在开发一个 36 通道 PP-MVT 数字转换器，其中的读出单元是多路复用的，从而以很小的额外硬件复杂性提高了 PET 系统的 ER。
{"title":"A Novel Peak Picking Multi-Voltage Threshold Digitizer for Pulse Sampling","authors":"Yiqing Ling;Ao Qiu;Lin Wan;Fei Wang;Kezhang Zhu;Yeping Zhang;Qingguo Xie","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3359241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3359241","url":null,"abstract":"The multi-voltage threshold (MVT) method employs comparators and time-to-digital converters to acquire the samples of a scintillation pulse when it crosses voltage thresholds and recovers the pulse using a prior model. It serves as a versatile pulse digitizing method in particle physics applications, including positron emission tomography (PET) and proton therapy verification. In these applications, the performance of the MVT method is sensitive to voltage threshold settings, leading to deteriorating energy resolution (ER) if the voltage thresholds are not selected for optimized pulse recovery. In this article, we propose a peak-picking MVT (PP-MVT) method that acquires the time and voltage of a pulse peak and recovers the pulse with MVT samples and peak information. Based on a dataset acquired from an LYSO/SiPM PET detector, we evaluate the performance of the two methods under four typical voltage threshold settings. The results show that the worst ER achieved by this method is 13.2%@511 keV, while that achieved by the MVT method is 16.3%@511 keV. Moreover, we implement a preliminary 1-channel peak-picking circuit, which has successfully captured the peak voltages of scintillation pulses. Based on this circuit, we are currently developing a 36-channel PP-MVT digitizer, where the readout unit is multiplexed, thus improving the ER of PET systems with little extra hardware complexity.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"8 3","pages":"248-256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355331
P. Schulan;M. Wende;S. Bekeschus;M. Lalk;K. Wende
Cold physical plasma shows promising preclinical results as an anticancer strategy. The technology generates a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediating gas plasma-induced effects in cells and tissues. On the cellular level, ROS can trigger oxidative stress-related responses. On the biomolecular level, ROS can introduce oxidative modifications, potentially leading to functional alterations. To better understand plasma treatment in oncology therapies, we treated tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with plasma to investigate the efficacy upon oxidation as well as plasma pretreated A549 lung cancer cells before TKI treatment to investigate combination effects. Specifically, a library of 37 compounds was exposed to the atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet kINPen before being added to the cells. Most gas plasma-treated TKIs showed a significant decline in anticancer efficacy. The experimental compound NVP-AEW541 showed elevated tumor-toxic effects after exposure to gas plasma. In A549 cells pretreated with gas plasma, all TKIs but one showed additive toxicity. In summary, this first study on gas plasma treatment of TKIs and lung cancer cells in combination treatments revealed that direct gas plasma TKI treatment decreased the activity of most but not all compounds investigated, while gas plasma pretreated cells mostly showed additive toxicity in response to TKI exposure.
{"title":"Activity Alterations of 37 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Upon kINPen Plasma Exposure in A549 Lung Cancer Cells","authors":"P. Schulan;M. Wende;S. Bekeschus;M. Lalk;K. Wende","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355331","url":null,"abstract":"Cold physical plasma shows promising preclinical results as an anticancer strategy. The technology generates a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediating gas plasma-induced effects in cells and tissues. On the cellular level, ROS can trigger oxidative stress-related responses. On the biomolecular level, ROS can introduce oxidative modifications, potentially leading to functional alterations. To better understand plasma treatment in oncology therapies, we treated tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with plasma to investigate the efficacy upon oxidation as well as plasma pretreated A549 lung cancer cells before TKI treatment to investigate combination effects. Specifically, a library of 37 compounds was exposed to the atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet kINPen before being added to the cells. Most gas plasma-treated TKIs showed a significant decline in anticancer efficacy. The experimental compound NVP-AEW541 showed elevated tumor-toxic effects after exposure to gas plasma. In A549 cells pretreated with gas plasma, all TKIs but one showed additive toxicity. In summary, this first study on gas plasma treatment of TKIs and lung cancer cells in combination treatments revealed that direct gas plasma TKI treatment decreased the activity of most but not all compounds investigated, while gas plasma pretreated cells mostly showed additive toxicity in response to TKI exposure.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"8 6","pages":"700-707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Novel design solutions for dedicated portable brain positron emission tomography systems with improved performance facilitate emergency and interventional image-guided surgery as well as advanced diagnostics of clinically impaired patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We report a novel portable MVT-based All-Digital helmet PET system with a hemispherical detector arrangement based on the Multi Voltage Threshold technology. It has a transverse and axial field of view (FOV) of 200 and 124 mm, respectively. It allows to scan subjects in a standing, sitting, and lying position. We evaluated the performance of the system according to NEMA standards. The scanner exhibits a noise equivalent count rate peak of $mathbf {(151pm 2)}$ kcps at the activity of 40.65 kBq/mL, a sensitivity of $mathbf {(55.24pm 0.05)}$ cps/kBq, and a spatial resolution at the center of the FOV of approximately 3.3 mm (FWHM), when using the filtered back projection algorithm. For a mini Derenzo phantom, rods of 2.0-mm diameter can be clearly separated. Time-dynamic [ $mathbf {^{18}}text{F}$ ]-Fluorodeoxyglucose human brain imaging was performed, showing the distinctive traits of cortex and thalamus uptake, as well as of the arterial and venous flow with 30 s time frames. We finally verified the usability of the device in the diagnostics of Alzheimer’s Disease by imaging human subjects with [ $mathbf {^{18}}text{F}$ ]-Florbetapir.
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of a Portable MVT-Based All-Digital Helmet PET Scanner","authors":"Feng Zhou;Nicola D’Ascenzo;Bo Zhang;Emanuele Antonecchia;Lei Fang;Li Ba;Min Zhang;Xiaohua Zhu;Qiong Liu;Jiazuan Ni;Giacomo Frati;Michael Kreissl;Xun Chen;Jiang Wu;Qingguo Xie","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3357571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3357571","url":null,"abstract":"Novel design solutions for dedicated portable brain positron emission tomography systems with improved performance facilitate emergency and interventional image-guided surgery as well as advanced diagnostics of clinically impaired patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We report a novel portable MVT-based All-Digital helmet PET system with a hemispherical detector arrangement based on the Multi Voltage Threshold technology. It has a transverse and axial field of view (FOV) of 200 and 124 mm, respectively. It allows to scan subjects in a standing, sitting, and lying position. We evaluated the performance of the system according to NEMA standards. The scanner exhibits a noise equivalent count rate peak of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathbf {(151pm 2)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 kcps at the activity of 40.65 kBq/mL, a sensitivity of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathbf {(55.24pm 0.05)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 cps/kBq, and a spatial resolution at the center of the FOV of approximately 3.3 mm (FWHM), when using the filtered back projection algorithm. For a mini Derenzo phantom, rods of 2.0-mm diameter can be clearly separated. Time-dynamic [\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathbf {^{18}}text{F}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000]-Fluorodeoxyglucose human brain imaging was performed, showing the distinctive traits of cortex and thalamus uptake, as well as of the arterial and venous flow with 30 s time frames. We finally verified the usability of the device in the diagnostics of Alzheimer’s Disease by imaging human subjects with [\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathbf {^{18}}text{F}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000]-Florbetapir.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"8 3","pages":"287-294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-count positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is an effective way to reduce the radiation risk of PET at the cost of a low-signal-to-noise ratio. Our study aims to denoise low-count PET images in an unsupervised mode since the mainstream methods rely on paired data, which is not always feasible in clinical practice. We adopt the diffusion probabilistic model in consideration of its strong generation ability. Our model consists of two stages. In the training stage, we learn a score function network via evidence lower-bound (ELBO) optimization. In the sampling stage, the trained score function and low-count image are employed to generate the corresponding high-count image under two handcrafted conditions. One is based on restoration in latent space, and the other is based on noise insertion in latent space. Thus, our model is named the bidirectional condition diffusion probabilistic model (BC-DPM). The Zubal phantom and real patient whole-body data are utilized to evaluate our model. The experiments show that our model achieves better performance in both qualitative and quantitative respects compared to several traditional and recently proposed learning-based methods.
低计数正电子发射断层扫描（PET）成像是降低 PET 辐射风险的有效方法，但代价是低信噪比。我们的研究旨在以无监督模式对低计数 PET 图像进行去噪，因为主流方法依赖于配对数据，而配对数据在临床实践中并不总是可行的。考虑到扩散概率模型的强大生成能力，我们采用了扩散概率模型。我们的模型由两个阶段组成。在训练阶段，我们通过证据下限（ELBO）优化学习分数函数网络。在采样阶段，利用训练好的分数函数和低计数图像，在两种手工条件下生成相应的高计数图像。一种是基于潜空间的还原，另一种是基于潜空间的噪声插入。因此，我们的模型被命名为双向条件扩散概率模型（BC-DPM）。我们利用 Zubal 模型和真实病人的全身数据来评估我们的模型。实验表明，与几种传统的和最近提出的基于学习的方法相比，我们的模型在定性和定量方面都取得了更好的性能。
{"title":"Bidirectional Condition Diffusion Probabilistic Models for PET Image Denoising","authors":"Chenyu Shen;Changjun Tie;Ziyuan Yang;Na Zhang;Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355247","url":null,"abstract":"Low-count positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is an effective way to reduce the radiation risk of PET at the cost of a low-signal-to-noise ratio. Our study aims to denoise low-count PET images in an unsupervised mode since the mainstream methods rely on paired data, which is not always feasible in clinical practice. We adopt the diffusion probabilistic model in consideration of its strong generation ability. Our model consists of two stages. In the training stage, we learn a score function network via evidence lower-bound (ELBO) optimization. In the sampling stage, the trained score function and low-count image are employed to generate the corresponding high-count image under two handcrafted conditions. One is based on restoration in latent space, and the other is based on noise insertion in latent space. Thus, our model is named the bidirectional condition diffusion probabilistic model (BC-DPM). The Zubal phantom and real patient whole-body data are utilized to evaluate our model. The experiments show that our model achieves better performance in both qualitative and quantitative respects compared to several traditional and recently proposed learning-based methods.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"8 4","pages":"402-415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10401984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140342742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3352983
Jorge Cabello;Michael T. Jurkiewicz;Andrea Andrade;Tammie L. S. Benzinger;Hongyu An;Udunna C. Anazodo
MRI-guided (MRIg) positron emission tomography (PET) reconstruction can potentially reduce noise and increase spatial resolution compared to standard clinical ordered-subsets expectation-maximization (OSEM) image quality. However, to adjust for the desired image quality, the balance between measured data and prior information usually requires manual tuning. This work presents an adaptive method to automatically control the influence of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) information on the PET emission data using maximum a posteriori (MAP) image reconstruction, robust against a wide range of counts. The method was evaluated on different static brain PET datasets using [18F]-FDG, [18F]-Florbetapir and [11C]-PiB, acquired in a simultaneous PET/MRI scanner and a PET/CT scanner, followed by an MRI scan. Noise in gray and white matter was measured for a wide range of statistics. Furthermore, noise and quantification accuracy were analyzed in different cortical and subcortical brain regions with different levels of tracer uptake, and at different levels of counts. Results demonstrated consistent improved image quality in terms of noise and spatial resolution with MRI-guided MAP PET (MRIg-MAP) reconstruction compared to OSEM. Additionally, it was shown that the number of collected counts could be reduced by ~1.6– $2.3times $ using MRIg-MAP reconstruction compared to OSEM, without increasing the noise significantly, either by reducing the scan time or injected activity. In conclusion, we presented a novel method to adaptively balance the influence of the anatomical information on the emission data for MRIg-MAP reconstruction, which showed image quality improvements compared to OSEM for different radiotracers, at different levels of counts, and applicable to simultaneous and sequential PET-MRI scans.
与标准临床有序子集期望最大化（OSEM）图像质量相比，磁共振成像引导（MRIg）正电子发射断层扫描（PET）重建有可能减少噪声并提高空间分辨率。然而，为了调整所需的图像质量，通常需要手动调整测量数据和先验信息之间的平衡。这项研究提出了一种自适应方法，利用最大后验（MAP）图像重建技术，自动控制磁共振成像（MRI）信息对 PET 发射数据的影响，对各种计数具有鲁棒性。该方法在使用[18F]-FDG、[18F]-Florbetapir和[11C]-PiB的不同静态脑PET数据集上进行了评估，这些数据集是在PET/MRI同步扫描仪和PET/CT扫描仪上获得的，随后进行了MRI扫描。对灰质和白质的噪声进行了广泛的统计测量。此外，还分析了不同皮质和皮质下脑区在不同示踪剂摄取水平和不同计数水平下的噪声和量化准确性。结果表明，与 OSEM 相比，MRI 引导的 MAP PET（MRIg-MAP）重建在噪声和空间分辨率方面的图像质量得到了持续改善。此外，研究还表明，与OSEM相比，使用MRIg-MAP重建可将收集到的计数数量减少约1.6-2.3倍，而不会显著增加噪声，无论是通过减少扫描时间还是注射活性都是如此。总之，我们提出了一种新方法来适应性地平衡MRIg-MAP重建中解剖信息对发射数据的影响，与OSEM相比，该方法在不同放射性核素、不同计数水平下的图像质量都有所改善，并且适用于同步和顺序PET-MRI扫描。
{"title":"Evaluation of an MRI-Guided PET Image Reconstruction Approach With Adaptive Penalization Strength","authors":"Jorge Cabello;Michael T. Jurkiewicz;Andrea Andrade;Tammie L. S. Benzinger;Hongyu An;Udunna C. Anazodo","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3352983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3352983","url":null,"abstract":"MRI-guided (MRIg) positron emission tomography (PET) reconstruction can potentially reduce noise and increase spatial resolution compared to standard clinical ordered-subsets expectation-maximization (OSEM) image quality. However, to adjust for the desired image quality, the balance between measured data and prior information usually requires manual tuning. This work presents an adaptive method to automatically control the influence of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) information on the PET emission data using maximum a posteriori (MAP) image reconstruction, robust against a wide range of counts. The method was evaluated on different static brain PET datasets using [18F]-FDG, [18F]-Florbetapir and [11C]-PiB, acquired in a simultaneous PET/MRI scanner and a PET/CT scanner, followed by an MRI scan. Noise in gray and white matter was measured for a wide range of statistics. Furthermore, noise and quantification accuracy were analyzed in different cortical and subcortical brain regions with different levels of tracer uptake, and at different levels of counts. Results demonstrated consistent improved image quality in terms of noise and spatial resolution with MRI-guided MAP PET (MRIg-MAP) reconstruction compared to OSEM. Additionally, it was shown that the number of collected counts could be reduced by ~1.6–\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.3times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 using MRIg-MAP reconstruction compared to OSEM, without increasing the noise significantly, either by reducing the scan time or injected activity. In conclusion, we presented a novel method to adaptively balance the influence of the anatomical information on the emission data for MRIg-MAP reconstruction, which showed image quality improvements compared to OSEM for different radiotracers, at different levels of counts, and applicable to simultaneous and sequential PET-MRI scans.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"8 3","pages":"277-286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) detection was used to investigate the mechanisms of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment in wound healing. The peaks of ester carbonyl and $alpha $ -helix in proteins, serving as the spectral fingerprints in the original infrared spectra and their second derivative spectra, of the wound samples were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the CAP treatment resulted in the reduction of the ester carbonyl contents, and the increase of the contents of $alpha $ -helix in the proteins. This indicates that the CAP treatment accelerated the lipid metabolism to provide required energy for the protein production, which was also supported by the fact that the fibrin deposition in the wounds was more obvious in the plasma group than that in the control group.
{"title":"Infrared Spectroscopy for Tracking Changes in Proteins Secondary Structure and Lipids During Wound Healing Process of Diabetic Mice After Treated by a Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet","authors":"Qingdong Wang;Qun Zhou;Lu-Xiang Zhao;Tao He;Xinyi Chen;Na Zhang;Hao Chen;Heng-Xin Zhao;Yongjian Li;Yu Zhang;He-Ping Li","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3351743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3351743","url":null,"abstract":"The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) detection was used to investigate the mechanisms of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment in wound healing. The peaks of ester carbonyl and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-helix in proteins, serving as the spectral fingerprints in the original infrared spectra and their second derivative spectra, of the wound samples were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the CAP treatment resulted in the reduction of the ester carbonyl contents, and the increase of the contents of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-helix in the proteins. This indicates that the CAP treatment accelerated the lipid metabolism to provide required energy for the protein production, which was also supported by the fact that the fibrin deposition in the wounds was more obvious in the plasma group than that in the control group.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"8 3","pages":"323-330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3349571
Kolawole Adesina;Ta-Chun Lin;Yue-Wern Huang;Marek Locmelis;Daoru Han
Numerous investigations have shown that nonequilibrium discharges at atmospheric pressure, also known as “cold atmospheric plasma” (CAP), are efficient to remove biological contaminants from surfaces of a variety of materials. Recently, CAP has quickly advanced as a technique for microbial cleaning, wound healing, and cancer therapy due to the chemical and biologically active radicals it produces, known collectively as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). This article reviews studies pertaining to one of the atmospheric plasma sources known as dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) which has been widely used to treat materials with microbes for sterilization, disinfection, and decontamination purposes. To advance research in CAP applications, this review discusses various types and configurations of barrier discharge, the role played by reactive species and other DBD-CAP agents leading to its antimicrobial efficacy, a few collection of DBD-CAP past studies specifically on surface, and emerging applications of DBD-CAP technology. Our review showed that nonthermal/equilibrium plasma generated from DBD could sterilize or disinfect surface of materials without causing any thermal damage or environmental contamination.
{"title":"A Review of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Surface Sterilization and Decontamination","authors":"Kolawole Adesina;Ta-Chun Lin;Yue-Wern Huang;Marek Locmelis;Daoru Han","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3349571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3349571","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous investigations have shown that nonequilibrium discharges at atmospheric pressure, also known as “cold atmospheric plasma” (CAP), are efficient to remove biological contaminants from surfaces of a variety of materials. Recently, CAP has quickly advanced as a technique for microbial cleaning, wound healing, and cancer therapy due to the chemical and biologically active radicals it produces, known collectively as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). This article reviews studies pertaining to one of the atmospheric plasma sources known as dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) which has been widely used to treat materials with microbes for sterilization, disinfection, and decontamination purposes. To advance research in CAP applications, this review discusses various types and configurations of barrier discharge, the role played by reactive species and other DBD-CAP agents leading to its antimicrobial efficacy, a few collection of DBD-CAP past studies specifically on surface, and emerging applications of DBD-CAP technology. Our review showed that nonthermal/equilibrium plasma generated from DBD could sterilize or disinfect surface of materials without causing any thermal damage or environmental contamination.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"8 3","pages":"295-306"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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