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Why Is China Dismissive of India’s Great Power Ambitions? 中国为何不看好印度的大国雄心?
Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231224689
Raj Verma
This article seeks to provide an answer to the question, “Why is China dismissive of India’s great power ambitions?” It argues that China’s dismissiveness of India’s great power ambitions is explained by cognitive bias towards India based on its colonization and freedom struggle. This is because India was formally colonized by Great Britain, but China was never formally colonized. Second, India won its freedom from British colonial/imperial rule through a nonviolent struggle unlike China, which fought a bloody war of liberation against Japan and a civil war leading to the formation of the People’s Republic of China.
本文试图回答 "为什么中国对印度的大国野心不屑一顾?本文认为,中国之所以对印度的大国野心不屑一顾,是因为基于印度的殖民统治和自由斗争,中国对印度存在认知偏见。这是因为印度曾被英国正式殖民,而中国从未被正式殖民。其次,印度是通过非暴力斗争从英国殖民/帝国统治下赢得自由的,而中国则不同,中国进行了血腥的抗日解放战争和内战,最终成立了中华人民共和国。
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引用次数: 0
On pfukwa/mhvuko and the Ndau Christian Dilemma: A Case of the United Church of Christ in Zimbabwe (UCCZ) 关于 pfukwa/mhvuko 和 Ndau 基督教困境:津巴布韦基督教联合教会 (UCCZ) 案例
Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231224687
Macloud Sipeyiye
The article engages with the notion of pfukwa/mhvuko (avenging spirits) among the Ndau Christians using the case study of the United Church of Christ in Zimbabwe (UCCZ). The study was motivated by a recurring question among some members of UCCZ on the phenomenon of the avenging spirits and the plight of the Ndau Christians. The article argues that the Ndau Christian converts are not immune to the effects of the avenging spirits in the metaphysical spaces of the Ndau because of the elaborate notion of collective existence (unthu/ubuntu) that defines the Ndau identity. The article unpacks the notion of pfukwa/mhvuko and its embeddedness in the whole matrix of Ndauness that does not spare the converted Ndau. The article is both a theoretical and empirical qualitative phenomenological enquiry that employs the netnographic research design. It uses the UCCZ WhatsApp social media microblogging site Eya Eya Haiwa Haiwa, to gather data through seminar (group) presentations and discussions. The article utilizes discourse analysis to filter data. It also engages with available relevant literature on the subject. The article uses two theoretical frameworks of unthu/ubuntu, and Goffman’s back and front stage theory to traverse the pfukwa/mhvuko phenomenon among the Ndau. The findings are that the Ndau notion of pfukwa/mhvuko is an existential metaphysical reality among both the Ndau practitioners of indigenous spirituality and Ndau Christians. The study recommends an authentic dialogue between the two spiritualties to build a contextually relevant Christian doctrine of pfukwa/mhvuko. It also raises the challenges that may stifle progress on the recommended trajectory.
文章通过对津巴布韦基督教联合教会(UCCZ)的案例研究,探讨了恩多族基督徒中复仇之灵(pfukwa/mhvuko)的概念。这项研究的起因是津巴布韦基督教联合教会的一些成员对复仇灵现象和恩多族基督徒的困境反复提出的问题。文章认为,恩达乌族基督徒皈依者在恩达乌族的形而上学空间中不能幸免于复仇灵的影响,因为集体存在(unthu/ubuntu)这一精心设计的概念界定了恩达乌族的身份。文章对 "pfukwa/mhvuko "的概念及其在整个恩达乌斯矩阵中的嵌入性进行了解读,恩达乌斯矩阵并没有放过皈依的恩达乌人。本文既是理论性的,也是实证性的定性现象学调查,采用了网络地理研究设计。文章利用 UCCZ WhatsApp 社交媒体微博网站 Eya Eya Haiwa Haiwa,通过研讨会(小组)发言和讨论收集数据。文章利用话语分析来筛选数据。文章还参考了与该主题相关的现有文献。文章采用 unthu/ubuntu 和戈夫曼的后台前台理论这两个理论框架来探讨恩达乌人中的 pfukwa/mhvuko 现象。研究结果表明,恩达乌族的 pfukwa/mhvuko 概念是恩达乌族本土精神信仰实践者和恩达乌族基督徒之间存在的形而上学现实。研究建议这两种灵性之间进行真正的对话,以建立符合当地情况的 pfukwa/mhvuko 基督教教义。研究还提出了可能阻碍在所建议的轨道上取得进展的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Female Labour Force Participation in South Africa 南非女性劳动力参与率
Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231224696
Shanaaz Dunn, P. Maharaj
The study uses data from the 2017 South African National Income and Dynamics Survey (NIDS) to investigate the determinants of female labour force participation in South Africa. The majority of women form part of the female labour force (50.21%). These estimates are similar in urban areas (55.77%) but lower among women in rural areas (40.29%). Age and education emerge as dominant predictors of female labour force participation. A large household size decreased the odds of labour force participation. The results suggest that more needs to be done in terms of encouraging the full economic participation of women.
本研究利用 2017 年南非国民收入与动态调查(NIDS)的数据,调查南非女性劳动力参与的决定因素。大多数妇女加入了女性劳动力队伍(50.21%)。这些估计数字在城市地区类似(55.77%),但在农村地区较低(40.29%)。年龄和教育程度是女性劳动力参与的主要预测因素。家庭人口多会降低劳动力参与的几率。结果表明,在鼓励妇女充分参与经济活动方面还需要做更多的工作。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Visual Multimedia Intervention on Perception, Knowledge and Intention Towards Child Marriage Among Children in Northern Nigeria 视觉多媒体干预对尼日利亚北部儿童童婚观念、知识和意向的影响
Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231224673
Chinweobo-Onuoha N. Blessing, Kenneth Udeh, S. Tsegyu, Attah Chris Ogwu, Kabiru Adebowale Tiamiyu, J. O. Wogu, V. C. Gever
This study examined the impact of visual multimedia intervention in addressing the menace of child marriage in Nigeria. The researchers found that at baseline, the children reported a positive perception of child marriage, low knowledge of its health hazards as well as positive behaviour intention towards it. After the intervention, there was a remarkable difference between children in the control group and those in the treatment group. Children who received the intervention (unlike those who did not receive it) reported a negative perception of child marriage, better knowledge of its health hazards and reduced propensity to engage in child marriage.
本研究探讨了视觉多媒体干预对解决尼日利亚童婚问题的影响。研究人员发现,在基线阶段,儿童对童婚的看法是积极的,对童婚的健康危害了解较少,并对童婚有积极的行为意向。干预结束后,对照组和治疗组的儿童有了明显的不同。接受干预的儿童(与未接受干预的儿童不同)表示对童婚的看法是负面的,对童婚的健康危害有了更多的了解,并降低了参与童婚的倾向。
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引用次数: 0
Determinant of Farmers’ Choice of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Rural Areas of Ambo District, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚安博县农村地区农民选择气候变化适应战略的决定因素
Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231225950
Gutema Fekadu, Daniel Belay
An understanding of the factors that shape farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies is critical to developing adaptation policies. This paper investigates the determinants of the choice of adaptation strategies to climate change using data from farmers in rural areas of Ambo district, Ethiopia. We employed a multinomial logit model to identify the determinants of farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies to climate change. The results indicate that agro-ecology, age, gender, education, household size, active labor force, livestock ownership, credit access, extension service access, farm income, and farmer-to-farmer extension positively influence farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies. On the contrary, distance to the farm and farm size are negatively related to farmers’ choices of adaptation strategies. The following implications are worthy of consideration for improving farmers’ adoption of adaptation options to offset the impact of climate change: investment in the educational system, strengthening the extension service, access to credit facilities, and the provision of recommended agricultural inputs.
了解影响农民选择适应战略的因素对于制定适应政策至关重要。本文利用埃塞俄比亚安博县农村地区农民的数据,研究了农民选择气候变化适应策略的决定因素。我们采用多项式对数模型来确定农民选择气候变化适应战略的决定因素。结果表明,农业生态、年龄、性别、教育程度、家庭规模、在职劳动力、牲畜拥有量、信贷渠道、推广服务渠道、农业收入以及农民之间的推广对农民的适应策略选择有积极影响。相反,与农场的距离和农场规模与农民的适应策略选择呈负相关。以下影响值得考虑,以改善农民对抵消气候变化影响的适应方案的采用:投资教育系统、加强推广服务、获得信贷设施以及提供推荐的农业投入。
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引用次数: 0
An Exploratory Perspective on Morocco’s Migration Policies 摩洛哥移民政策的探索性视角
Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231224698
Mohamed Belamghari
Without doubt Morocco has been transformed from a country of transit into a country of residence for sub-Saharan migrants. Their integration into Morocco’s social fabric has been a priority for different Moroccan governments presided over by King Mohammed VI as part of an assimilationist discourse that responds to the social, cultural and religious diversity of Morocco. In signing international agreements and treaties on the basic human rights and integration of migrants, since 2000 Morocco has been integrating migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East socially, economically and politically. This integration is intended to bridge migrants’ aspirations and Morocco’s culture, social welfare, market and politics. Indeed, continuous migration is altering contemporary Moroccan society as well as the very exemplary way in which the successive Moroccan governments presided by their King have legally confronted such an issue. This exploratory review article methodologically reviewed articles published by academic journals in English and French while foregrounding the main themes of the recent Moroccan experience and policies with regard to migration. It also explores how Morocco reformed its policies to deal with undocumented migrants and how Morocco has changed axiomatic and formulaic perceptions of sub-Saharan migration. The findings from this study pointed out that Morocco’s experience with the regularisation of undocumented migrants has been approached in an inclusive and humanitarian vein. With agility and flexibility, Morocco has managed to strike a balance between the demands of civil society organisations for the application of just migration approaches and the international agreements to that effect so as to move on with integrating illegal migrants into the Moroccan economic, social or political fabric. In this sense, Morocco exemplifies this new urge to step beyond conventional understandings of migration that engulfs the world into two camps of those who always send and those who always receive migrants. Based on the results of this study, implications for future research are discussed.
毫无疑问,摩洛哥已经从一个过境国变成了撒哈拉以南移民的居住国。他们融入摩洛哥的社会结构一直是穆罕默德六世国王领导的摩洛哥各届政府的优先事项,这也是应对摩洛哥社会、文化和宗教多样性的同化论述的一部分。摩洛哥签署了关于基本人权和移民融入的国际协定和条约,自 2000 年以来,摩洛哥一直在使来自撒哈拉以南非洲和中东的移民融入社会、经济和政治。这种融合旨在将移民的愿望与摩洛哥的文化、社会福利、市场和政治结合起来。事实上,持续不断的移民正在改变着当代摩洛哥社会,也改变着由国王领导的历届摩洛哥政府依法应对这一问题的典范方式。这篇探索性评论文章从方法论的角度对英文和法文学术期刊上发表的文章进行了评述,同时强调了摩洛哥近期移民经验和政策的主题。文章还探讨了摩洛哥如何改革其政策以处理无证移民问题,以及摩洛哥如何改变对撒哈拉以南地区移民的公理化和公式化认识。研究结果表明,摩洛哥以包容和人道主义的态度对待无证移民合法化问题。摩洛哥灵活机动,在民间社会组织要求采用公正的移民方法与相关国际协定之间取得了平衡,以便继续将非法移民融入摩洛哥的经济、社会或政治结构。从这个意义上说,摩洛哥体现了超越传统移民理解的新冲动,传统移民理解将世界划分为两个阵营,一个是始终输出移民的阵营,另一个是始终接收移民的阵营。根据本研究的结果,讨论了对未来研究的影响。
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引用次数: 0
How Caste Shapes the Origin and Transformation of Work and Employment in India 种姓如何塑造印度工作和就业的起源与变革
Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231225955
Akanksha Sanil
Studies in social sciences have an extensive literature that deals with caste as a governing social institution and its relevance in India’s socio-political and economic realms. For instance, research on labour segmentation and its linkages with material inequality or economic status has a long history. This article contextualises the history of caste order in India, which recognised the predominant role of occupation and the related socio-economic superiority of work, value and reward. Based on an analytical review of available literature, it suggests that in addition to the debates on the policy of reservations in India, there is an equally pertinent question: Why the direct impact to disintegrate caste-occupational affiliations continues to remain at numerically miniscule levels (central government data) despite an elaborate constitutional mechanism to secure valued positions of formal employment in place?
社会科学研究中有大量文献涉及种姓这一社会管理制度及其在印度社会政治和经济领域的相关性。例如,关于劳动分工及其与物质不平等或经济地位的联系的研究由来已久。印度的种姓秩序承认职业的主导作用以及与之相关的工作、价值和报酬的社会经济优越性,本文对印度种姓秩序的历史进行了梳理。在对现有文献进行分析回顾的基础上,文章提出,除了关于印度保留政策的争论之外,还有一个同样相关的问题:为什么尽管有一个精心设计的宪法机制来确保正式就业的重要职位,但对瓦解种姓-职业从属关系的直接影响仍然保持在数量上微不足道的水平(中央政府数据)?
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Study of Hate Speech in the 2015 and 2019 General Elections in Three Selected Newspapers in Nigeria 尼日利亚三份选定报纸在 2015 年和 2019 年大选中的仇恨言论比较研究
Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231224693
Aondover Eric Msughter
The recent trend in journalism malpractice in the country is the dissemination of hate speech and vulgar language. Within this context, the paper analyzed the manifestation of hate speech in the 2015 and 2019 general elections in the Daily Trust, The Nation, and The Guardian newspapers. The variables of frequency, location, direction, as well as a journalistic genre were used to examine the manifestation of hate speech in the 2015 and 2019 general elections by the selected newspapers. Stratified random sampling by days of the week was used to select the editions in the newspapers. The Functional Theory of Campaign Discourse and Critical Race Theory was used as the theoretical framework. Based on the findings, to table the manifestation of hate speech was more frequent in 2015 than in the 2019 general elections by the selected newspapers. The findings reveal that the manifestation of hate speech by the selected newspapers in the 2015 and 2019 general elections was significantly high in the inside pages than in the front and back pages. The study found that the manifestation of hate speech by the selected newspapers was in a negative direction in 2015, and in a neutral direction in 2019. The study discovered that the manifestation of hate speech was on political news by the selected newspapers in the 2015 and 2019 general elections in Nigeria. The paper concludes that the manifestation of hate speech in the 2015 and 2019 general elections in Nigeria was significantly high, and this constituted a major problem in the 2015 and 2019 general elections.
近来,国内新闻弊端的趋势是传播仇恨言论和粗俗语言。在此背景下,本文分析了《每日信任报》、《国家报》和《卫报》在 2015 年和 2019 年大选中的仇恨言论表现。本文采用频率、地点、方向以及新闻体裁等变量来考察所选报纸在 2015 年和 2019 年大选中的仇恨言论表现。在选取报纸版本时,采用了按星期分层随机抽样的方法。研究采用了竞选言论功能理论和批判种族理论作为理论框架。根据研究结果,所选报纸在 2015 年大选中的仇恨言论表现比在 2019 年大选中更为频繁。研究结果显示,所选报纸在 2015 年和 2019 年大选中的内页仇恨言论表现明显高于头版和后页。研究发现,所选报纸在 2015 年的仇恨言论表现是负面的,而在 2019 年则是中性的。研究发现,在 2015 年和 2019 年尼日利亚大选中,所选报纸的仇恨言论表现在政治新闻上。本文的结论是,在尼日利亚 2015 年和 2019 年大选中,仇恨言论的表现明显偏高,这构成了 2015 年和 2019 年大选中的一个主要问题。
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引用次数: 0
Unpacking Caste and Intergenerational Occupational Mobility: A Novel Approach Through Occupational Prestige in West Bengal, India 解读种姓与代际职业流动:通过印度西孟加拉邦职业声望的新方法
Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231225954
Sandip Mondal
This research rekindles the examination of occupational mobility through the lens of occupational prestige, contributing significantly to the discourse on intergenerational occupational mobility in West Bengal. Employing robust statistical techniques including conditional probability matrices, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and structural equation modelling (SEM), the study shows the profound influence of caste on occupational mobility. It found that intergenerational mobility rates significantly differ among caste groups, with the general caste (GC) category consistently displaying higher upwards mobility compared to the other backward classes (OBCs) and scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (SCs/STs). Furthermore, the research highlights caste-based variations in the impact of a son’s educational attainment on the son’s occupational success.
这项研究从职业声望的角度重新审视了职业流动性,为西孟加拉邦代际职业流动性的讨论做出了重要贡献。研究采用了包括条件概率矩阵、普通最小二乘法(OLS)回归和结构方程模型(SEM)在内的稳健统计技术,显示了种姓对职业流动性的深刻影响。研究发现,不同种姓群体之间的代际流动率存在显著差异,与其他落后阶层(OBCs)和在册种姓和在册部落(SCS/STs)相比,一般种姓(GC)类别始终显示出较高的向上流动性。此外,研究还强调了儿子的受教育程度对其职业成功的影响因种姓而异。
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引用次数: 0
Biopolitics and Governmentality During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Authoritarianism in Turkey COVID-19 大流行期间的生物政治学与政府性以及土耳其的威权主义
Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231224678
Zeliha Dişci
This article aims to show the relationship of Turkish pandemic politics with the concepts of biopolitics and governmentality. It argues that Turkey’s pandemic policy should be considered under the concept of authoritarian governmentality. In this context, the first part of the article theoretically evaluates the relationship between biopolitics and governmentality. The second part shows how Turkey’s COVID-19 policy is related to biopolitics and governmentality. The last part shows how and why biopolitics and governmentality have an authoritarian character in Turkey. In this way, the character of the policy pursued by the Turkish government becomes clear.
本文旨在说明土耳其大流行病政治与生物政治学和政府性概念之间的关系。文章认为,土耳其的流行病政策应在专制政府性的概念下加以考虑。在此背景下,文章的第一部分从理论上评估了生物政治与政府性之间的关系。第二部分说明了土耳其的 COVID-19 政策与生物政治学和政府性之间的关系。最后一部分说明了土耳其的生物政治学和政府性如何以及为何具有专制特征。这样,土耳其政府所奉行政策的特点就变得清晰了。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Asian and African Studies
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