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2010 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)最新文献

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A CMOS image sensor for 10Mb/s 70m-range LED-based spatial optical communication 用于10Mb/s 70m范围led空间光通信的CMOS图像传感器
Pub Date : 2010-03-18 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2010.5433978
S. Itoh, Isamu Takai, M. Sarker, M. Hamai, K. Yasutomi, M. Andoh, S. Kawahito
Spatial optical communication has recently been of interest in the mobile local-area communication systems, especially in the automotive applications. It has many advantages over the radio communication such as robustness to jamming, human safety due to lack of electromagnetic waves and sender finding function. The image sensor communication (ISC) technology is useful for the spatial optical communication because to find the light source and to intensify the light energy density at the receiver, the optical receiver has to have signal light source finding and tracking functions. A few approaches for the ISC have been reported. CMOS ISC chips have been used for ID beacon detection [1] [2], where very low data rate is required. In an ISC chip for optical wireless LAN application [3], the data rate of several hundreds of MHz has been demonstrated. In this approach, however, photo-diode current of a 2-D detector array directly flows into external receiver circuits, and because of this, extremely large optical power using laser lights is required. The authors have reported an ISC chip for LED-light communications [4]. In this chip, the bit rate of 1Mb/s and the communication range of a few meters only have been demonstrated. Though the chip claims the function of signal light source tracking, no experimental results have been shown. This paper presents a CMOS ISC chip which demonstrates that the high-speed long-distance spatial optical communication over 10Mb/s and 50meters are realized for the system using LED light sources while attaining signal-light finding and tracking functions. The key techniques to improve the data rate and tracking performance are a new pixel structure using depleted diode, pulse equalizing, and binary flag image readout to find the exact area of light source.
空间光通信近年来在移动局域网通信系统,特别是在汽车应用中受到广泛关注。与无线电通信相比,它具有抗干扰性强、不需要电磁波而对人体安全、寻址功能强等优点。图像传感器通信(ISC)技术在空间光通信中具有重要的应用价值,因为为了在接收端找到光源并增强光能量密度,光接收端必须具有信号光源查找和跟踪功能。已经报道了一些国际合作委员会的办法。CMOS ISC芯片已被用于ID信标检测[1][2],其中需要非常低的数据速率。在一种用于光学无线局域网应用的ISC芯片[3]中,已经演示了几百MHz的数据速率。然而,在这种方法中,二维探测器阵列的光电二极管电流直接流入外部接收器电路,因此需要使用激光的极大光功率。作者报道了一种用于led光通信的ISC芯片[4]。在该芯片中,比特率仅为1Mb/s,通信范围仅为几米。虽然该芯片声称具有信号光源跟踪功能,但没有实验结果。本文介绍了一种CMOS ISC芯片,在实现寻光和跟踪功能的同时,利用LED光源实现了系统10Mb/s以上50米的高速远距离空间光通信。提高数据速率和跟踪性能的关键技术是利用耗尽二极管、脉冲均衡和二进制标志图像读出的新像素结构来找到准确的光源面积。
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引用次数: 25
A 4.5mW digital baseband receiver for level-A evolved EDGE 用于A级演进EDGE的4.5mW数字基带接收器
Pub Date : 2010-03-18 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2010.5433915
C. Benkeser, A. Bubenhofer, Qiuting Huang
Recent popularity of smart phones and other mobile broadband devices has given fresh impetus to 3G technology and beyond, which provides a key enabler to the mobile industry's only current growth sector. Despite the high data rates of 3G-enabled devices, good user experience still crucially depends on the availability of a fallback mode such as the GSM/EDGE network. While EDGE provides a respectable substitute where 3G is absent, enhancement is desirable both to lessen the disparity between HSPA and legacy EDGE and to improve 2G-only service in regions where upgrade to 3G is not imminent. Evolved EDGE (E-EDGE) is a recent standard [1] that aims to quintuple the EDGE rate to 1.2Mb/s by phasing in a set of extra technical features, including 32QAM and turbo coding. This contribution explores the challenges posed by higher order modulation and describes an efficient digital receiver that preserves the low-cost/low-power attributes of EDGE-enabled devices.
最近智能手机和其他移动宽带设备的普及为3G技术及其他技术提供了新的动力,这为移动行业目前唯一的增长领域提供了关键的推动力。尽管支持3g的设备具有很高的数据速率,但良好的用户体验仍然非常依赖于可用的后备模式,如GSM/EDGE网络。虽然EDGE在没有3G的地方提供了一个不错的替代品,但增强功能是可取的,既可以减少HSPA和传统EDGE之间的差距,也可以在不会立即升级到3G的地区改善仅支持2g的服务。演进EDGE (E-EDGE)是最近的一项标准[1],旨在通过逐步增加一组额外的技术功能,包括32QAM和涡轮编码,将EDGE速率提高到1.2Mb/s。本文探讨了高阶调制带来的挑战,并描述了一种高效的数字接收机,该接收机保留了edge设备的低成本/低功耗属性。
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引用次数: 10
A 23mW fully integrated GPS receiver with robust interferer rejection in 65nm CMOS 23mW全集成GPS接收机,抗干扰能力强,采用65nm CMOS
Pub Date : 2010-03-18 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2010.5434047
Hyunwon Moon, Sangyoub Lee, Seungchan Heo, Hwayeal Yu, J. Yu, Ji-Soo Chang, S. Choi, Byeong-ha Park
Many mobile devices with personal navigation and location based services (LBS) are rapidly increasing in importance in our life. In particular, smart-phones with embedded GPS receivers are still growing their share and soon they will be the main products in the handset market. Co-existence of a GPS receiver together with cellular phones creates new challenges because leakage signals from the transmitters in 2G/3G systems are harmful interferers, making it difficult for the receiver to detect a weak GPS signal from satellites. In general, an external interstage SAW filter is used for rejecting blocking signals after the LNA. Recently, there have been attempts to remove the inter-stage SAW filter to minimize the number of external components required[1–3]. So, a single pre-select filter is only required to prevent the out-of-band signals from blocking the receiver between the antenna and the IC. Although previous publications utilize tuned LC loads to tolerate a strong interferer signal, the frequency selectivity of the LC resonators will show a limited performance because the center frequency of an LC-tuned structure is very dependent on PVT variations. In this paper, a fully integrated GPS receiver with robust characteristics against the large interferer signals is presented.
许多具有个人导航和基于位置的服务(LBS)的移动设备在我们生活中的重要性正在迅速增加。特别是,内置GPS接收器的智能手机的市场份额仍在增长,很快它们将成为手机市场的主要产品。GPS接收器与手机共存带来了新的挑战,因为2G/3G系统中发射机的泄漏信号是有害的干扰,使接收器难以检测到来自卫星的微弱GPS信号。一般来说,在LNA之后使用外部级间声波滤波器来抑制阻塞信号。最近,有人试图移除级间SAW滤波器,以尽量减少所需外部组件的数量[1-3]。因此,只需要一个预选择滤波器来防止带外信号阻塞天线和IC之间的接收器。尽管以前的出版物利用调谐的LC负载来容忍强干扰信号,但LC谐振器的频率选择性将显示出有限的性能,因为LC调谐结构的中心频率非常依赖于PVT变化。本文提出了一种具有抗大干扰信号鲁棒性的全集成GPS接收机。
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引用次数: 33
A robust digital DC-DC converter with rail-to-rail output range in 40nm CMOS 具有40nm CMOS轨到轨输出范围的鲁棒数字DC-DC变换器
Pub Date : 2010-03-18 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2010.5433987
E. Soenen, A. Roth, Justin Shi, M. Kinyua, J. Gaither, Elizabeth Ortynska
The growing complexity and small form factors of hand-held consumer electronics are the driving force of more integration. This increases the need for truly embedded DC-DC converters in advanced processes. Traditional analog DC-DC converter architectures do not fit well with low supply voltages. Digital architectures are attractive, but require an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which can be challenging to design [1–3].
手持消费电子产品的日益复杂和小尺寸是推动更多集成的动力。这增加了在高级工艺中对真正嵌入式DC-DC转换器的需求。传统的模拟DC-DC变换器结构不能很好地适应低电源电压。数字架构很有吸引力,但需要一个模数转换器(ADC),这可能具有挑战性的设计[1-3]。
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引用次数: 41
A 30fJ/conversion-step 8b 0-to-10MS/s asynchronous SAR ADC in 90nm CMOS 30fJ/转换步长8b 0- 10ms /s异步SAR ADC在90nm CMOS
Pub Date : 2010-03-18 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2010.5433967
P. Harpe, Cui Zhou, Xiaoyang Wang, G. Dolmans, H. D. Groot
Applications like wireless sensor nodes require ultra low-power receivers with power-efficient ADCs. Moreover, the power-efficiency should be maintained for a wide range of sampling rates to enable system-level flexibility. Previously, the use of SAR ADCs has been proposed for low-power applications [1], [2]. This work describes the implementation of an 8bit asynchronous SAR ADC that achieves a 30fJ/Conversion-step power-efficiency for sampling rates between 10kS/s and 10MS/s.
无线传感器节点等应用需要超低功耗接收器和高能效adc。此外,应该在广泛的采样率范围内保持功率效率,以实现系统级的灵活性。此前,已提出将SAR adc用于低功耗应用[1],[2]。这项工作描述了一个8位异步SAR ADC的实现,该ADC在10kS/s和10MS/s之间的采样率下实现了30fJ/转换步长功率效率。
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引用次数: 93
45nm CMOS 8Ω Class-D audio driver with 79% efficiency and 100dB SNR 45纳米CMOS 8Ω d类音频驱动器,效率为79%,信噪比为100dB
Pub Date : 2010-03-18 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2010.5434036
S. Samala, Vineet Mishra, Kalyan Chekuri Chakravarthi
Integrating audio and power management into a system-on-chip (SoC) is of interest due to reduced board area and cost. Integrated Class-D audio drivers need to drive high voltages to deliver high power across small loads; 525mW (5.8Vpp differential) across an 8Ω load working off the battery. Absence of high-voltage transistors along with high device noise (flicker), device mismatch and leakage pose design challenges in 45nm CMOS.
将音频和电源管理集成到片上系统(SoC)中,可以减少电路板面积和成本。集成的d类音频驱动器需要驱动高电压,以便在小负载下提供高功率;525mW (5.8Vpp差),通过8Ω负载工作在电池上。缺乏高压晶体管以及高器件噪声(闪烁),器件失配和泄漏给45nm CMOS的设计带来了挑战。
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引用次数: 16
A 0.13µm 64Mb multi-layered conductive metal-oxide memory 一个0.13µm 64Mb多层导电金属氧化物存储器
Pub Date : 2010-03-18 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2010.5433945
C. Chevallier, C. Siau, S. Lim, Srivalli Namala, M. Matsuoka, B. Bateman, D. Rinerson
A number of technologies have been proposed to replace NAND Flash as scaling becomes more difficult [1–2]. One promising area includes resistive memories using the conductive metal oxide (CMOx™) technology where multiple memory layers can be stacked [3]. Earlier attempts have been made with non-rewritable materials [4]. The key concepts for a very high density, multi physical layer nonvolatile, rewritable memory have been developed on a 64Mb, 130 nm test chip.
随着扩展变得越来越困难,已经提出了许多技术来取代NAND闪存[1-2]。一个有前景的领域包括使用导电金属氧化物(CMOx™)技术的电阻式存储器,其中多个存储器层可以堆叠成[3]。早期的尝试是用不可重写的材料[4]。高密度、多物理层、非易失性、可重写存储器的关键概念已经在64Mb、130nm的测试芯片上开发出来。
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引用次数: 89
A 0.8mm2 all-digital SAW-less polar transmitter in 65nm EDGE SoC 一个0.8mm2全数字无锯极性发射器在65nm EDGE SoC
Pub Date : 2010-03-18 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2010.5434050
EDGE is currently the most widely used standard for data communications in mobile phones. Its proliferation has led to a need for low-cost 2.5G mobile solutions. The implementation of RF circuits in nanoscale digital CMOS with no or minimal process enhancements is one of the key obstacles limiting the complete SoC integration of cellular radio functionality with digital baseband. The key challenges for such RF integration include non-linearity of devices and circuits, device mismatches, process parameter spread, and the increasing potential for self-interference that could be induced by one function in the SoC onto another.
EDGE是目前应用最广泛的移动电话数据通信标准。它的扩散导致了对低成本2.5G移动解决方案的需求。在纳米级数字CMOS中实现射频电路,没有或只有很少的工艺增强,这是限制蜂窝无线电功能与数字基带完全集成的主要障碍之一。这种射频集成的关键挑战包括器件和电路的非线性、器件不匹配、工艺参数扩散,以及SoC中一个功能对另一个功能可能引起的自干扰的潜在增加。
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引用次数: 39
An 8Tb/s 1pJ/b 0.8mm2/Tb/s QDR inductive-coupling interface between 65nm CMOS GPU and 0.1µm DRAM 65nm CMOS GPU与0.1µm DRAM之间的8Tb/s 1pJ/b 0.8mm2/Tb/s QDR电感耦合接口
Pub Date : 2010-03-18 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2010.5433909
N. Miura, Kazutaka Kasuga, Mitsuko Saito, T. Kuroda
This paper presents an 8Tb/s 1pJ/b 0.8mm2/Tb/s quad data rate (QDR) inductive-coupling interface between 65nm CMOS GPU and 0.1µm DRAM. The interface consists of 1024-bit parallel inductive-coupling transceivers operating at 8Gb/s/link. In the DRAM transceiver, data are multiplexed and demultiplexed by using a quadrature clock and XOR operation. This circuit technique for QDR compensates for transistor performance gap between the GPU and the DRAM to achieve 8Gb/s bandwidth. The clock for data retiming is recovered from the received data by using an injection-lock VCO. Clock links and clock distribution circuits are not needed, resulting in small layout area of 0.8mm2/Tb/s. Frontend of the transceiver is implemented using NMOS CML circuits with adaptive bias control. The transceiver's sensitivity to PVT variations is small, enabling all the 1024 parallel transceivers to operate at BER≪10{−16}. It also reduces the design margin required of the transceiver, resulting in power reduction to 1pJ/b. Compared to the latest wired 40nm DRAM interface [1], the bandwidth is 32x higher, while the energy consumption is 1/8 and the layout area is 1/22.
本文提出了一种8Tb/s 1pJ/b 0.8mm2/Tb/s四数据速率(QDR)的65nm CMOS GPU与0.1µm DRAM之间的电感耦合接口。该接口由1024位并行电感耦合收发器组成,工作速度为8Gb/s/link。在DRAM收发器中,数据通过使用正交时钟和异或操作进行多路复用和解路复用。这种QDR电路技术弥补了GPU和DRAM之间的晶体管性能差距,实现了8Gb/s的带宽。数据重定时的时钟通过使用注入锁VCO从接收到的数据中恢复。不需要时钟链路和时钟分配电路,布局面积小,仅为0.8mm2/Tb/s。收发器前端采用具有自适应偏置控制的NMOS CML电路实现。收发器对PVT变化的灵敏度很小,使所有1024个并联收发器都能在BER≪10{−16}处工作。它还减少了收发器所需的设计余量,从而将功率降低到1pJ/b。与最新的有线40nm DRAM接口[1]相比,带宽提高了32倍,能耗为1/8,布局面积为1/22。
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引用次数: 38
A 3bit/cell 32Gb NAND flash memory at 34nm with 6MB/s program throughput and with dynamic 2b/cell blocks configuration mode for a program throughput increase up to 13MB/s 3bit/cell 32Gb的34nm NAND闪存,具有6MB/s的程序吞吐量,采用动态2b/cell块配置模式,可将程序吞吐量提高到13MB/s
Pub Date : 2010-03-18 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2010.5433949
G. Marotta, A. Macerola, A. D'Alessandro, A. Torsi, C. Cerafogli, C. Lattaro, C. Musilli, Doyle Rivers, E. Sirizotti, F. Paolini, Giuliano Gennaro Imondi, G. Naso, G. Santin, L. Botticchio, L. D. Santis, L. Pilolli, M. Gallese, M. Incarnati, M. Tiburzi, P. Conenna, S. Perugini, V. Moschiano, W. D. Francesco, M. Goldman, C. Haid, D. D. Cicco, D. Orlandi, F. Rori, M. Rossini, T. Vali, R. Ghodsi, Frankie Roohparvar
In recent years applications such as mp3 players, SSD, digital cameras and video camcorders have driven the development of increasingly higher density NAND memories. In the presented 3b/cell memory the read and programming throughputs are been enhanced with the adoption of a quad-plane architecture and an industry standard even-odd bitline (BL) decoding scheme. The architecture, while featuring same page size of 16KB as recently disclosed ABL architectures [3,4], avoids the shortcomings such an ABL scheme exhibits in programming mode due to floating-gate-to-floating-gate coupling. The chip features both the newly developed synchronous DDR interface and the standard, asynchronous NAND flash interface. A 66-cell string is adopted to optimize the die size at 126mm2.
近年来,mp3播放器、固态硬盘、数码相机和摄像机等应用推动了高密度NAND存储器的发展。在所提出的3b/cell存储器中,通过采用四平面结构和行业标准的奇偶位线(BL)解码方案,提高了读取和编程吞吐量。该体系结构与最近披露的ABL体系结构[3,4]具有相同的16KB页面大小,避免了ABL方案在编程模式中由于浮动门到浮动门耦合而出现的缺点。该芯片具有新开发的同步DDR接口和标准的异步NAND闪存接口。采用66单元串优化126mm2的芯片尺寸。
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引用次数: 44
期刊
2010 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)
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