A. Pandey, Pratibha Singh, D. Gupta, Abreeq Fatima, S. Prasad
{"title":"Utilization of Advanced Technologies for in-situ Remediation of Polluted Soil to avoid Ecological Risks: A Review","authors":"A. Pandey, Pratibha Singh, D. Gupta, Abreeq Fatima, S. Prasad","doi":"10.5185/aml.2021.15698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5185/aml.2021.15698","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7281,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80838201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristhoper E. Jaimes Martínez, J. F. Méndez, Gustavo M. Minquiz, Pablo Gutiérrez Cruz, Fernando Medina Pérez, A. C. P. Reyes, J. C. Hernandez, René Pérez Pérez
{"title":"Design and Numerical Simulation using Vibration Analysis for the Detection and Reduction of Failures of the Gear Pair of the Differential System of a Powertrain","authors":"Cristhoper E. Jaimes Martínez, J. F. Méndez, Gustavo M. Minquiz, Pablo Gutiérrez Cruz, Fernando Medina Pérez, A. C. P. Reyes, J. C. Hernandez, René Pérez Pérez","doi":"10.5185/aml.2021.15699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5185/aml.2021.15699","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7281,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83025216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the world is entering a phase of realization to mend ways to build a climate neutral, healthy, and sustainable environment all around and many prominent steps are taken to achieve the goal of net zero [1,2]. Advancement of materials used for energy and production purposes are being transformed and developed in ways which will ensure sustainable development without the harming of the ecology [3]. One such strong action brought is the use of hydrogen energy towards climate neutrality [4]. Hydrogen is now considered a very important product for aiming zero waste as it can make possible to remove fossil fuels usage and will play a very important role in the energy transformation of world to sustainable development goals [5]. It is very important to reduce the emission of carbon from industries and vehicles, and at the same time give a longer energy storage [6]. As the European Deal and the United Nations moves forward for attaining a net zero goals with introduction of clean hydrogen energy and its uses have been the showstopper for various conversions in various sectors which will ensure reaching the global sustainability [7,8]. The research in hydrogen energy is has become very popular since the past decades. From the search results of Scopus database with the keyword “hydrogen energy”, above 15000 documents with 7000 patents are found (collected on 12 October 2021) [9]. If we go through the trend, we can find that the number published articles get steep increased from 2011 and reaches maximum in 2012, when 2261 articles were published. Then suddenly, there was steep fall, but after 2015, there is growing interest in the field (Fig. 1). This is mainly due to establishment of various hydrogen energy missions and policies for clean energy.
{"title":"The Emerging Global Trends in Hydrogen Energy Research for Achieving the Net Zero Goals","authors":"A. Tiwari","doi":"10.5185/aml.2021.15697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5185/aml.2021.15697","url":null,"abstract":"As the world is entering a phase of realization to mend ways to build a climate neutral, healthy, and sustainable environment all around and many prominent steps are taken to achieve the goal of net zero [1,2]. Advancement of materials used for energy and production purposes are being transformed and developed in ways which will ensure sustainable development without the harming of the ecology [3]. One such strong action brought is the use of hydrogen energy towards climate neutrality [4]. Hydrogen is now considered a very important product for aiming zero waste as it can make possible to remove fossil fuels usage and will play a very important role in the energy transformation of world to sustainable development goals [5]. It is very important to reduce the emission of carbon from industries and vehicles, and at the same time give a longer energy storage [6]. As the European Deal and the United Nations moves forward for attaining a net zero goals with introduction of clean hydrogen energy and its uses have been the showstopper for various conversions in various sectors which will ensure reaching the global sustainability [7,8]. The research in hydrogen energy is has become very popular since the past decades. From the search results of Scopus database with the keyword “hydrogen energy”, above 15000 documents with 7000 patents are found (collected on 12 October 2021) [9]. If we go through the trend, we can find that the number published articles get steep increased from 2011 and reaches maximum in 2012, when 2261 articles were published. Then suddenly, there was steep fall, but after 2015, there is growing interest in the field (Fig. 1). This is mainly due to establishment of various hydrogen energy missions and policies for clean energy.","PeriodicalId":7281,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88137185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.5185/amlett.2021.091659
A. Zdetsis, Shanawer Niaz
methodology has been very successfully applied and extrapolated to Si, Be, BeH, CdSe, MgH, crystals and nanocrystals, with almost chemical accuracy in most cases. Here, after a pedagogical and critical review of the earlier results, we introduce a new combined and expanded approach to comparatively describe the electronic and cohesive properties of diamond and graphene. For the later a drastically enlarged sequence of “nanocrystals” of well-chosen geometries and sizes up to 1440 atoms or 8190 electrons is used to verify earlier predictions and results. We have obtained in a simple and fast way the bandgap (5.4 eV) and the cohesive energy (7.34 eV/atom) of diamond with almost chemical accuracy; and we have fully rationalized (in a different perspective and prospective) the electronic and cohesive properties of graphene, with a tentative value of cohesive energy of 7.52 eV/atom. Strangely enough this value is larger than the one for diamond and is currently under investigation. Finally, we suggest that this methodology in its current simple and transparent form can be a first-line diagnostic, functional, and inexpensive computational tool. This is particularly true for quick assessments and comparative estimates, size-dependence studies, or cases where standard k-space methods or other advanced techniques either fail or demand unavailable computational resources. We review and combine two different atomistic-calculation approaches for macroscopic solids, applying them successfully to 2D graphene, in comparison to the 3D diamond with a dual target: 1) to gain novel physical insight about the Dirac
该方法已经非常成功地应用和外推到Si, Be, BeH, CdSe, MgH，晶体和纳米晶体，在大多数情况下几乎具有化学精度。在此，在对早期结果进行教学和批判性回顾之后，我们引入了一种新的组合和扩展方法来比较描述金刚石和石墨烯的电子和内聚特性。对于后者，一个经过精心选择的几何形状和大小可达1440个原子或8190个电子的“纳米晶体”序列急剧扩大，用于验证早期的预测和结果。我们用简单、快速的方法得到了金刚石的带隙(5.4 eV)和结合能(7.34 eV/原子)，几乎具有化学精度;我们从不同的角度和前景对石墨烯的电子和内聚能进行了充分的理性化，暂定内聚能为7.52 eV/原子。奇怪的是，这个值比钻石的值大，目前正在调查中。最后，我们建议这种方法以其目前简单和透明的形式可以成为一线诊断，功能和廉价的计算工具。对于快速评估和比较估计、大小依赖性研究，或者标准k空间方法或其他高级技术失败或需要不可用的计算资源的情况，这一点尤其正确。我们回顾并结合了两种不同的宏观固体原子计算方法，并将它们成功地应用于二维石墨烯，与具有双重目标的三维金刚石进行比较:1)获得关于狄拉克的新物理见解
{"title":"From Zero to Infinity: Customized Atomistic Calculations for Crystalline Solids —Applications to Graphene and Diamond","authors":"A. Zdetsis, Shanawer Niaz","doi":"10.5185/amlett.2021.091659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2021.091659","url":null,"abstract":"methodology has been very successfully applied and extrapolated to Si, Be, BeH, CdSe, MgH, crystals and nanocrystals, with almost chemical accuracy in most cases. Here, after a pedagogical and critical review of the earlier results, we introduce a new combined and expanded approach to comparatively describe the electronic and cohesive properties of diamond and graphene. For the later a drastically enlarged sequence of “nanocrystals” of well-chosen geometries and sizes up to 1440 atoms or 8190 electrons is used to verify earlier predictions and results. We have obtained in a simple and fast way the bandgap (5.4 eV) and the cohesive energy (7.34 eV/atom) of diamond with almost chemical accuracy; and we have fully rationalized (in a different perspective and prospective) the electronic and cohesive properties of graphene, with a tentative value of cohesive energy of 7.52 eV/atom. Strangely enough this value is larger than the one for diamond and is currently under investigation. Finally, we suggest that this methodology in its current simple and transparent form can be a first-line diagnostic, functional, and inexpensive computational tool. This is particularly true for quick assessments and comparative estimates, size-dependence studies, or cases where standard k-space methods or other advanced techniques either fail or demand unavailable computational resources. We review and combine two different atomistic-calculation approaches for macroscopic solids, applying them successfully to 2D graphene, in comparison to the 3D diamond with a dual target: 1) to gain novel physical insight about the Dirac","PeriodicalId":7281,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73945323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.5185/amlett.2021.091661
A. I. Alateyah
In the last decade, a large demand of the industries for a material with high level of strength and conductivity is widely undergoing. Several types of metals which includes, silver, copper, gold and aluminum are largely utilized due to their level of electrical conductivity. In term of cost comparison, the aluminum and copper are the most reasonable price with the advantage of this conductivity. However, these materials have lower electrical conductivity with compared to other metals due to two reasons. The first one, the impurities that enlarge the electron scattering by thermal vibrations of the crystal lattice. The second one, the attendance of structural imperfections which contain grain boundaries and dislocations [1-3]. The Ability of balancing this issue is via obtaining of the both pure materials with improvement of mechanical strength. The enhancement of various metals strength such as copper can be reached by heat treatment and the addition of other alloying elements. However, this technique can lower the ductility and electric conductivity [4]. The other successful way is by improving the structure to obtain ultrafine-grained (UFG) and a large grain boundary area [5,6]. These outcomes can be reached by undertaken severe plastic deformation method (SDP) [613]. Severe plastic deformation technique has been used widely nowadays due to their influence on the microstructure behavior. The production of ultrafinegrained microstructures and the deformation of metallic and alloy materials can be achieved by this process. The most applicable processes of the (SDP) is equalchannel angular pressing (ECAP) due to their highly effective of fabricating different types of ultrafine-grained materials [14-20], producing nano-crystalline bulk materials [21], improving both mechanical and physical properties [5], achieving the homogenously deformation of bulk material [22,23] and the dealing with the mechanics of metal flow and the microstructural evolution [20]. Furthermore, the ductility of material can be enhanced by utilizing ECAP, since the enhancement of a duplex microstructure shaped by nanometric grains sized coupled with micrometric or UFG without sacrificing the martials strength [24]. The ECAP method can utilized various sample's shape such as rectangular, square, or circular. By unlimited number of passes throughout the die, the severe shear deformation of microstructure can be obtained during this way without dramatic changes in the dimensions. As a In this study, the severe plastic deformation (SPD) behavior of commercial-grade pure copper processed using equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was investigated. The copper rods were processed for up to 4 passes, both at room temperature and 200 C. The microstructure and texture evolution were studied using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with an electron back scattered (EBSD) detector. The effect of ECAP processing on the tensile properties, micro-hardness, and
{"title":"On the Effect of ECAP Processing Temperature on the Microstructure, Texture Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Commercial Pure Copper","authors":"A. I. Alateyah","doi":"10.5185/amlett.2021.091661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2021.091661","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, a large demand of the industries for a material with high level of strength and conductivity is widely undergoing. Several types of metals which includes, silver, copper, gold and aluminum are largely utilized due to their level of electrical conductivity. In term of cost comparison, the aluminum and copper are the most reasonable price with the advantage of this conductivity. However, these materials have lower electrical conductivity with compared to other metals due to two reasons. The first one, the impurities that enlarge the electron scattering by thermal vibrations of the crystal lattice. The second one, the attendance of structural imperfections which contain grain boundaries and dislocations [1-3]. The Ability of balancing this issue is via obtaining of the both pure materials with improvement of mechanical strength. The enhancement of various metals strength such as copper can be reached by heat treatment and the addition of other alloying elements. However, this technique can lower the ductility and electric conductivity [4]. The other successful way is by improving the structure to obtain ultrafine-grained (UFG) and a large grain boundary area [5,6]. These outcomes can be reached by undertaken severe plastic deformation method (SDP) [613]. Severe plastic deformation technique has been used widely nowadays due to their influence on the microstructure behavior. The production of ultrafinegrained microstructures and the deformation of metallic and alloy materials can be achieved by this process. The most applicable processes of the (SDP) is equalchannel angular pressing (ECAP) due to their highly effective of fabricating different types of ultrafine-grained materials [14-20], producing nano-crystalline bulk materials [21], improving both mechanical and physical properties [5], achieving the homogenously deformation of bulk material [22,23] and the dealing with the mechanics of metal flow and the microstructural evolution [20]. Furthermore, the ductility of material can be enhanced by utilizing ECAP, since the enhancement of a duplex microstructure shaped by nanometric grains sized coupled with micrometric or UFG without sacrificing the martials strength [24]. The ECAP method can utilized various sample's shape such as rectangular, square, or circular. By unlimited number of passes throughout the die, the severe shear deformation of microstructure can be obtained during this way without dramatic changes in the dimensions. As a In this study, the severe plastic deformation (SPD) behavior of commercial-grade pure copper processed using equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was investigated. The copper rods were processed for up to 4 passes, both at room temperature and 200 C. The microstructure and texture evolution were studied using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with an electron back scattered (EBSD) detector. The effect of ECAP processing on the tensile properties, micro-hardness, and ","PeriodicalId":7281,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86233829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.5185/amlett.2021.091665
Umeshwar Narayan, A. Garg
Candida albicans are the most common opportunistic pathogen and Candida yeast has drawn attention of the researcher due to the increased incidence of severe oral Candidiasis. The study reveals that more than 90% person visited in dental OPD were affected by Candida. Usually this is considered as normal oral flora but it may act as pathogen in case of weak immunity and this incidence has increased with wide spread use of corticosteroids, antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs, these type of fungi called opportunistic pathogenic yeast. (Samarnayake L, P., 1990) Candida albicans is the dominant species to cause disease in oral cavity. Although some other Candida species are also involved such as C.glabrata, Candida dulbigenesis, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusii, Candida dubliniensis, Candida famata and Candida guillerrmondii. Among these, Candida dubliniensis is a new, recently seen species which was initially described from severe oral Candidiasis of subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and it was therefore suspected to increase virulence (Hannula, 2000). Candida causes endogenous infection known as Candidiasis or oral thrush or lesions. These lesions are soft white and slightly elevated plaque frequently occurring on the buccal mucosa of tongue but may also be seen on another part of oral cavity such as on the gingival palate and floor of the mouth. In acute condition the entire oral cavity may be affected. Lesions or thrush is very common in weak immunity due to HIV infection and the patients being treated by chemotherapy or radiotherapy and it may also be seen in children due to improper developed immune system. Chronic oral Candidiasis may be denture induced stomatitis or chronic hypertrophic condition. Denture induced is due to tight fitted denture. This may prevent saliva having antimicrobial activities. In chronic hypertrophic Candidiasis, plaques remain tightly sticked usually on tongues, cheeks and lips. (Arendroff., et. al., 1979). Candida dubliniensis, which is morphologically similar to Candida albicans (show germ tubes formation and chlamydospore among other similar traits), it has now been identified (Sullivan, et. al., 1995) and is among the list of pathogens. Several medical microbiologists have ____________________________________________________________________________________________
{"title":"The Study of Prevalence of Candida Species in Oral Cavity between Habitual and Non-Habitual of Gutka Chewers in Vitro Condition","authors":"Umeshwar Narayan, A. Garg","doi":"10.5185/amlett.2021.091665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2021.091665","url":null,"abstract":"Candida albicans are the most common opportunistic pathogen and Candida yeast has drawn attention of the researcher due to the increased incidence of severe oral Candidiasis. The study reveals that more than 90% person visited in dental OPD were affected by Candida. Usually this is considered as normal oral flora but it may act as pathogen in case of weak immunity and this incidence has increased with wide spread use of corticosteroids, antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs, these type of fungi called opportunistic pathogenic yeast. (Samarnayake L, P., 1990) Candida albicans is the dominant species to cause disease in oral cavity. Although some other Candida species are also involved such as C.glabrata, Candida dulbigenesis, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusii, Candida dubliniensis, Candida famata and Candida guillerrmondii. Among these, Candida dubliniensis is a new, recently seen species which was initially described from severe oral Candidiasis of subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and it was therefore suspected to increase virulence (Hannula, 2000). Candida causes endogenous infection known as Candidiasis or oral thrush or lesions. These lesions are soft white and slightly elevated plaque frequently occurring on the buccal mucosa of tongue but may also be seen on another part of oral cavity such as on the gingival palate and floor of the mouth. In acute condition the entire oral cavity may be affected. Lesions or thrush is very common in weak immunity due to HIV infection and the patients being treated by chemotherapy or radiotherapy and it may also be seen in children due to improper developed immune system. Chronic oral Candidiasis may be denture induced stomatitis or chronic hypertrophic condition. Denture induced is due to tight fitted denture. This may prevent saliva having antimicrobial activities. In chronic hypertrophic Candidiasis, plaques remain tightly sticked usually on tongues, cheeks and lips. (Arendroff., et. al., 1979). Candida dubliniensis, which is morphologically similar to Candida albicans (show germ tubes formation and chlamydospore among other similar traits), it has now been identified (Sullivan, et. al., 1995) and is among the list of pathogens. Several medical microbiologists have ____________________________________________________________________________________________","PeriodicalId":7281,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88865410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.5185/amlett.2021.091660
A. Laskar, P. Motwani, Shruti Dhruw
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis and Design of Test Setup for Determination of Transfer Length in BFRP Prestressed Concrete Beams","authors":"A. Laskar, P. Motwani, Shruti Dhruw","doi":"10.5185/amlett.2021.091660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2021.091660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7281,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82546497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.5185/amlett.2021.091664
Shivendra Ray, S. -, P. Lohia, D. Dwivedi
{"title":"Engineering in SnS-Based Solar Cell for an Efficient Device with Nickel Oxide (NiO) as the Hole Transport Layer","authors":"Shivendra Ray, S. -, P. Lohia, D. Dwivedi","doi":"10.5185/amlett.2021.091664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2021.091664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7281,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90336998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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