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Recent strandings of sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus, in southern Peru 最近在秘鲁南部搁浅的抹香鲸,大头鲸
Pub Date : 2018-03-02 DOI: 10.5597/00236
Jose Pizarro-Neyra
Author reports on a stranding of a female sperm whale in the Peruvian southern coast and review other similar events.
作者报道了一头雌性抹香鲸在秘鲁南部海岸搁浅的事件,并回顾了其他类似事件。
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引用次数: 3
Behavior and habitat use of released rehabilitated Amazonian manatees in Peru 秘鲁释放的恢复的亚马逊海牛的行为和栖息地利用
Pub Date : 2018-03-02 DOI: 10.5597/00234
S. Landeo-Yauri, Nataly Castelblanco-Martínez, M. Williams
The Amazonian manatee ( Trichechus inunguis) is endangered due to illegal hunting. In Peru, the Centro de Rescate Amazonico (CREA) rehabilitates and releases rescued manatees. Tree females and two males were released in El Dorado Lake in July 2011 and radio tracked until November 2011. Movements, habitat use and behavior recorded during the post-release period were used to evaluate the manatees’ adaptation to free-living conditions. A total of 140 locations was registered during 91 days of tracking. Females showed greater residence time than males, which migrated out of the lake. Females selectively used the micro habitats of the study area, preferring floating vegetation, followed by open water and lastly shore macrophytes. Most idling behaviors were registered in areas with floating macrophytes, and open water was mainly used for traveling. No correlation between sighting hour and sighting location (micro habitat type) was detected. The use of suitable zones, in addition to natural behavior, suggests that these rescued manatees responded well to free-living conditions after release. Some considerations are provided with the purpose of strengthening manatee rehabilitation programs and improving future releases, emphasizing the importance of choosing appropriate individuals, as well as suitable areas and times to help improve release outcome.
亚马逊海牛(Trichechus inunguis)由于非法狩猎而濒临灭绝。在秘鲁,亚马逊重建中心(CREA)对获救的海牛进行康复和放归。2011年7月,三名女性和两名男性在埃尔多拉多湖被放归,电台一直追踪到2011年11月。利用放生后记录的活动、栖息地利用和行为来评估海牛对自由生活条件的适应情况。在91天的跟踪期间,总共登记了140个地点。雌鱼的停留时间比雄鱼长,雄鱼迁出湖。雌性有选择性地利用研究区微生境,偏好漂浮植被,其次是开阔水域,最后是岸边的大型植物。大部分怠速行为发生在浮游植物区,开放水域主要用于航行。观鸟时间与观鸟地点(微生境类型)无相关性。使用合适的区域,加上自然行为,表明这些获救的海牛在释放后对自由生活的条件反应良好。为了加强海牛康复计划和改善未来的放生,提出了一些考虑,强调选择合适的个体、合适的区域和时间的重要性,以帮助改善放生结果。
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引用次数: 3
A review on the distribution, abundance, residency, survival and population structure of coastal bottlenose dolphins in Argentina 阿根廷沿海宽吻海豚的分布、丰度、居住、生存和种群结构研究进展
Pub Date : 2018-03-02 DOI: 10.5597/00233
E. Vermeulen, R. Bastida, Leonardo G. Berninsone, P. Bordino, M. Failla, P. Fruet, G. Harris, M. Iñíguez, M. Marchesi, P. Petracci, Laura M. Reyes, M. Sironi, S. Bräger
Although bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus are among the most common delphinid species, global population trends remain poorly understood. To improve the knowledge of the species in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean, this paper reviews all available data related to the distribution and occurrence, abundance, residency and ranging patterns, group size and composition, survival and reproduction and population structure of the coastal bottlenose dolphin in Argentina. Most information proved to be scattered in time and space. Based on the available data, total abundance of coastal bottlenose dolphins in Argentina appears to be low. Data show sightings decreased notably since the 1990s in the northern province of Buenos Aires and the province of Chubut, with the species having disappeared completely from the former region. Data also indicated that two genetically and morphologically distinct coastal populations occur in Argentinean coastal waters, with a sympatric distribution in the provinces of Rio Negro and Chubut. One is an isolated ‘Evolutionary Signifcant Unit’ within the larger Southwest Atlantic, whereas the other population appears to be genetically related to the Southwest Atlantic offshore ecotype.  In the absence of more substantial data, the present information is pertinent to our scientifc knowledge of the species in the country, collating all published information as well as information from grey literature and previously unpublished data. However, the available information appears to remain insufcient to explain the apparent decline in sightings and to assess the remaining abundance nationwide accurately. Therefore, we strongly recommend increased research efforts for an in-depth assessment of the species’ population status in Argentina.
尽管宽吻海豚是最常见的海豚物种之一,但全球种群趋势仍然知之甚少。为了提高人们对西南大西洋宽吻海豚的认识,本文对阿根廷沿海宽吻海豚的分布和发生、丰度、居住和分布模式、种群规模和组成、生存和繁殖以及种群结构等方面的资料进行了综述。大多数信息被证明是分散在时间和空间上的。根据现有数据,阿根廷沿海宽吻海豚的总丰度似乎很低。数据显示,自20世纪90年代以来,在北部的布宜诺斯艾利斯省和丘布特省,发现的数量明显减少,该物种在前一地区已经完全消失。数据还表明,阿根廷沿海水域有两个遗传和形态上不同的沿海种群,在里约热内卢Negro和Chubut省有同域分布。其中一个是西南大西洋中孤立的“进化重要单位”,而另一个种群似乎与西南大西洋近海生态型有遗传关系。在缺乏更多实质性数据的情况下,目前的信息与我们对该国物种的科学知识有关,整理了所有已发表的信息以及灰色文献和以前未发表的数据。然而,现有的资料似乎仍然不足以解释目击数量明显下降的原因,也不足以准确评估全国范围内剩余的数量。因此,我们强烈建议加大研究力度,深入评估该物种在阿根廷的种群状况。
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引用次数: 8
Recurrent sightings of a Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) on the southeast coast of Brazil, 2012 – 2017 2012年至2017年,在巴西东南海岸反复发现南象海豹(miounga leonina)
Pub Date : 2018-03-02 DOI: 10.5597/00237
L. F. S. Mayorga, R. C. C. Bhering, R. Hurtado, R. Vanstreels
We report four years (2012-2015) of consecutive observations of the same juvenile male Southern elephant seal along the coast Espirito Santo (ES), Brazil, identified based on scars of cookiecutter shark bites. In 2015 three bacteries were isolated from a recent lesion using routine methods of bacterial culture and identification, and a large number of barnacles were seen attached to the fur of other body regions, especially on the pelvic limbs and lower back. We collected 12 barnacles from different body areas, and identified all of them as Eared barnacles ( Conchoderma aurita ). Additionally, a sample of feces was obtained and analyzed through simple-flotation, revealing helminth eggs compatible with Contracaecum sp.
我们报告了四年(2012-2015)对巴西埃斯皮里图圣(ES)海岸同一幼年雄性南象海豹的连续观察,该观察是根据饼干切鲨咬伤的疤痕确定的。2015年,用常规的细菌培养鉴定方法从近期病变中分离出3株细菌,并在其他身体部位的皮毛上发现大量藤壶,特别是在骨盆肢体和下背部。我们采集了12种不同体区的藤壶,鉴定均为耳形藤壶(Conchoderma aurita)。此外,还采集了粪便样本,并通过简单浮选法进行了分析,发现了与Contracaecum sp相容的蠕虫卵。
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引用次数: 5
Marine mammal distribution in Ecuador: surveys aboard a ship of opportunity as a means of monitoring relative abundance 厄瓜多尔海洋哺乳动物分布:机遇号船上的调查作为监测相对丰度的一种手段
Pub Date : 2018-03-02 DOI: 10.5597/00235
J. E. O'Hern, Michelle Sculley, Kerri Jean-Smith, D. Biggs, N. Slowey, Daniela Alarcòn Ruales, R. Duncan
Five marine mammal surveys between 2008 and 2011 were conducted aboard the Buque de Investigacion Orion (the research vessel for the Oceanographic Institute of the Ecuadorian Navy) within oceanic waters adjacent to mainland Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands. The surveys dedicated extensive time in deep, offshore waters where cetaceans were not densely present. Sightings of 12 species were compared with an earlier survey aboard the B/I Orion  in 2001 as well as with a subset of published data from three NOAA STAR ( Stenella Abundance Research) surveys between 1999 and 2003. Additionally, a small boat, near-shore survey, was conducted during June 2010 among and near the Galapagos Islands. Encounter rates ranged annually from 0.012 cetacean/km to 0.027 cetacean/km. The highest encounter rate aboard the B/I Orion took place during the April 2009 survey. In order to compare sighting rates between the B/I Orion and NOAA platforms, the average effective half-strip widths were used to determine encounter rates per area effectively searched. A zonation within the study region was observed between odontocete and balaenopterid cetaceans as well as between striped ( Stenella coeruleoalba ) and short-beaked common dolphins ( Delphinus delphis ). Several methodological aspects of surveys and geographical features that may influence encounter rates and subsequent abundance estimates are discussed. This study demonstrates that vessels of opportunity provide a valuable means of studying open-ocean and coastal distributions of marine mammals. Possible methodological improvements, such as the use of high-power binoculars, that could increase the absolute number of sightings, the efficiency of these opportunistic surveys, and improve the sighting rates of more evasive species are discussed.
2008年至2011年间,在厄瓜多尔大陆和加拉帕戈斯群岛附近的海域,在猎户号(厄瓜多尔海军海洋学研究所的研究船)上进行了五次海洋哺乳动物调查。这些调查花了大量的时间在深海和近海水域,那里的鲸目动物并不密集。对12个物种的观测与2001年在B/I猎户座上进行的早期调查进行了比较,并与1999年至2003年NOAA STAR (Stenella Abundance Research)三次调查公布的数据进行了比较。此外,2010年6月在加拉帕戈斯群岛及其附近进行了一项小船近岸调查。每年的碰见率从0.012头鲸/公里到0.027头鲸/公里不等。在2009年4月的调查中,猎户座B/I上的相遇率最高。为了比较B/I猎户座和NOAA平台之间的目击率,使用平均有效半带宽度来确定每个有效搜索区域的遭遇率。在研究区域内,在齿齿鲸类和balaenopterid鲸类之间以及条纹海豚(Stenella coeruleoalba)和短喙普通海豚(Delphinus delphis)之间观察到分区。调查的几个方法学方面和地理特征可能影响相遇率和随后的丰度估计进行了讨论。这项研究表明,机遇船为研究海洋哺乳动物在公海和沿海的分布提供了有价值的手段。可能的方法改进,如使用高倍双筒望远镜,可以增加目击的绝对数量,这些机会性调查的效率,并提高更多逃避物种的目击率进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 6
Unusual aggressive behavior encountered by divers from Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Puerto Rico 在波多黎各,来自安的列斯海牛(trichecchus manatus manatus)的潜水员遇到了不寻常的攻击行为
Pub Date : 2018-03-02 DOI: 10.5597/00238
Chelsea A. Harms-Tuohy, E. Tuohy
The reaction of a manatee mating herd to the presence of two SCUBA divers in Puerto Rico is presented.
海牛交配群对波多黎各两个水肺潜水员的存在的反应。
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引用次数: 1
Encounter rates of the Bolivian river dolphin (Inia boliviensis) in northeastern Bolivia 玻利维亚东北部玻利维亚河豚(Inia boliviensis)的偶遇率
Pub Date : 2018-03-02 DOI: 10.5597/00240
Enzo Aliaga Rossel, Luis Guizada
This study provides information on seasonal distribution patterns for river dolphins in Bolivia.
本研究提供了玻利维亚河豚季节性分布模式的信息。
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引用次数: 2
Observation of a potential mating herd in Amazonian manatee 亚马逊海牛潜在交配群的观察
Pub Date : 2018-03-02 DOI: 10.5597/00239
Camila Carvalho Carvalho, D. M. Gräbin, M. Marmontel
We report what is believed to be the first description of a mating herd among Amazonian manatees
我们报告了被认为是亚马逊海牛交配群的第一个描述
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引用次数: 2
Report of the Working Group on Interactions between Humans and Tursiops truncatus in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean 人类与西南大西洋trunsiops truncatus相互作用工作组报告
Pub Date : 2017-01-08 DOI: 10.5597/LAJAM00218
P. Fruet, C. Zappes, T. Bisi, P. C. Simões‐Lopes, P. Laporta, J. Loureiro, P. Flores
In this work we compiled the available information about humans and bottlenose dolphin interactions in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWAO), including issues as historical direct takes, incidental captures in fisheries, positive interactions with fisheries, interactions of dolphins with tourism and boat traffic, habitat modification or degradation, and environmental pollution. The data compiled in this review demonstrated that coastal bottlenose dolphins are under anthropogenic pressure in the SWAO. Direct take of bottlenose dolphins in the wild does not appear to be an issue of conservation concern in the SWAO. Although the species is exposed to bioaccumulation of micropollutants, it is suggested that contamination level is lower when compared to bottlenose dolphins from other continents. Coastal works can impact bottlenose dolphin behavior and habitat use in a short-term, but those seem to be reversible when works stop. Bycatch occurs throughout the species distribution and seems to be occasional in Uruguayan and Argentinean waters, where there is evidence of a historic decline in dolphin sightings. In Brazil, bycatch is apparently low in the northeast and southeast coasts, but is frequent in certain areas of southern Brazil. Studies on the subject are scarce or preliminary and a great effort is still required to understand the real impact of human activities on bottlenose dolphins in the SWAO.
在这项工作中,我们汇编了有关西南大西洋(SWAO)人类和宽吻海豚相互作用的现有信息,包括历史上的直接捕获、渔业中的偶然捕获、与渔业的积极互动、海豚与旅游业和船只交通的相互作用、栖息地的改变或退化以及环境污染。本综述收集的数据表明,在SWAO中,沿海宽吻海豚处于人为压力之下。在野生环境中直接捕杀宽吻海豚似乎并不是SWAO关注的保护问题。尽管该物种暴露于微污染物的生物积累,但与来自其他大陆的宽吻海豚相比,污染水平较低。海岸工程会在短期内影响宽吻海豚的行为和栖息地的使用,但当工程停止时,这些影响似乎是可逆的。副捕获在整个物种分布中都有发生,在乌拉圭和阿根廷的水域似乎偶尔发生,有证据表明,在那里看到的海豚数量正在历史性地下降。在巴西,副渔获量在东北和东南海岸显然很低,但在巴西南部的某些地区却很频繁。对这一问题的研究很少或初步,仍然需要付出巨大的努力来了解人类活动对SWAO中宽吻海豚的真正影响。
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引用次数: 8
Reports of strandings and sightings of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in northeastern Brazil and Brazilian oceanic islands 在巴西东北部和巴西海洋岛屿搁浅和目击宽吻海豚(Tursiops truncatus)报告
Pub Date : 2017-01-08 DOI: 10.5597/00227
A. Meirelles, T. M. Campos, Milton C. C. Marcondes, K. Groch, L. R. A. Souto, Maria do Socorro Santos dos Reis, I. Normande, F. Luna, Lídio França do Nascimento, F. Silva, J. E. Vergara‐Parente, J. Borges, A. Jesus, F. Attademo, J. M. Silva
This study revises and updates information on bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatusstrandings and sightings in northeastern Brazil. A total of 72 strandings were recorded from 1992 to 2010, and 51 sightings were recorded from 1988 to 2010 along the states from Ceara to Bahia, including Fernando de Noronha and Sao Pedro and Sao Paulo archipelagos, Rocas Atoll and Abrolhos Bank. Most strandings were recorded in the states of Pernambuco, Bahia and Rio Grande do Norte. The number of reports was higher during summer, but no statistically significant difference was found between summer and other seasons. The majority of the stranded animals were adults (70.6%). Stranded calves were not observed. Total body length ranged from 138 to 321cm: 138 to 310cm for males; and 168 to 288cm for females. The average adult body length was 281cm (SD = 0.22). For stranding events where sex was determined (n = 29), a highly statistically significant difference was found between the number of males (n = 21) and females (n = 8). A total of six animals (8.3%) showed evidence of fisheries interactions such as net marks or removal of meat, blubber and eyes. Twenty-two sightings were recorded in the northeastern region, mostly in small islands and Rocas Atoll. This finding shows that the bottlenose dolphin is mainly an oceanic species in the region. More efforts are needed to improve our understanding of the populations and conservation status of bottlenose dolphins in this region.
这项研究修订和更新了巴西东北部宽吻海豚搁浅和目击的信息。从1992年到2010年,共记录了72次搁浅,从1988年到2010年,沿着塞阿拉州到巴伊亚州,包括费尔南多·迪诺罗尼亚群岛、圣佩德罗和圣保罗群岛、罗卡斯环礁和阿布罗洛斯银行,记录了51次目击事件。大多数搁浅发生在伯南布哥州、巴伊亚州和北里奥格兰德州。报告数量在夏季较高,但在夏季与其他季节之间无统计学差异。大多数搁浅动物为成年动物(70.6%)。没有观察到搁浅的小牛。体长138 ~ 321cm,雄性体长138 ~ 310cm;女性为168 - 288厘米。成虫平均体长281cm (SD = 0.22)。在确定性别的搁浅事件中(n = 29),在雄性(n = 21)和雌性(n = 8)的数量之间发现了高度统计学上显著的差异。共有6只动物(8.3%)显示出渔业相互作用的证据,如网痕或肉、脂肪和眼睛被移除。在东北部地区记录了22起目击事件,主要发生在小岛和罗卡斯环礁。这一发现表明,宽吻海豚主要是该地区的海洋物种。需要更多的努力来提高我们对该地区宽吻海豚种群和保护状况的了解。
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引用次数: 10
期刊
Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals
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