Journal of Hazardous Materials最新文献_第7页

Solvent-mediated construction of phosphate/carboxyl bifunctional hyper-cross-linked polymers for highly efficient uranium removal from aqueous solutions 溶剂介导的磷酸盐/羧基双功能超交联聚合物高效除铀的研究

IF 11.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141094

Ze-Yang Wang , Xin-Long Chen , Xu-Xin Li , Feng Zhang , Wei-Jia Wang , Ze-Yu Ren , Yang Li , Ze-Yi Yan

In this study, through a one-pot Friedel-Crafts reaction, the solvent-mediated bifunctional hyper-crosslinked polymer (denoted as DP-PD1) containing phosphate and carboxyl groups was successfully synthesized, via the use of diphenyl phosphate (DP) as a functional monomer, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) as a crosslinking agent, and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) which served dual roles as both solvent and reactant. The control experiments and characterizations confirmed that the multiplier effect of the bifunctional groups, combined with the solvent-driven synergic effect, endowed DP-PD1 with exceptional uranium(VI) adsorption performance. The DP-PD1 sorbent achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 458.1 mg/g for U(VI) at pH = 7.0. Within the concentration range of 5.0–1000.0 μg/L U(VI), the removal efficiency exceeded 96.9 %. The residual U(VI) concentration in the treated simulated wastewater was reduced to below 40 μg/L, easily meeting the discharge standards. In addition, DP-PD1 also demonstrated the outstanding practical applicability, which retained > 95.0 % uranium removal efficiency after five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, exhibited the stable adsorption performance after 500 kGy γ-ray irradiation (highlighting its excellent radiation resistance), and achieved > 85.0 % U(VI) removal efficiency even under high ionic strength (Na/U molar ratio of 4762:1) and competing ion conditions. The mechanism studies revealed that the adsorption primarily relied on electrostatic interactions and complexation. DFT calculations suggested that U(VI) preferentially formed a 1:2 bidentate coordination mode with the ligands of DP-PD1. Therefore, the proposed "solvent-structure-functional group" integrated design strategy offered a novel approach for the development of advanced uranium adsorbents.

本研究以磷酸二苯酯（DP）为功能单体，邻苯二甲酸二酐（PMDA）为交联剂，1,2-二氯乙烷（DCE）作为溶剂和反应物，通过一锅Friedel-Crafts反应，成功合成了溶剂介导的含磷酸盐和羧基的双功能超交联聚合物DP- pd1。对照实验和表征证实了双官能团的乘数效应和溶剂驱动的协同效应使DP-PD1具有优异的铀（VI）吸附性能。在pH = 7.0时，DP-PD1吸附剂对U（VI）的最大吸附量为458.1 mg/g。在5.0 ~ 1000.0 μg/L U（VI）的浓度范围内，去除率超过96.9% %。处理后的模拟废水中残留U（VI）浓度降至40 μg/L以下，轻松达到排放标准。此外，DP-PD1在连续5次吸附-解吸循环后仍保持>； 95.0 %的铀去除率，在500 kGy γ射线照射后仍表现出稳定的吸附性能（突出其优异的抗辐射性能），即使在高离子强度（Na/U摩尔比为4762:1）和离子竞争条件下也能达到>； 85.0 %的U（VI）去除率。机理研究表明，吸附主要依靠静电相互作用和络合作用。DFT计算表明，U（VI）优先与DP-PD1配体形成1:2的双齿配位模式。因此，提出的“溶剂-结构-官能团”一体化设计策略为先进铀吸附剂的开发提供了一条新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Toluene bioconversion into ectoines by halophile mixed microbial cultures 通过嗜盐混合微生物培养将甲苯转化为异托英

IF 11.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141045

Nicolás Díaz-Moreno , Raquel Lebrero , Sara Cantera

Toluene, which has been listed in the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) of many countries, is one of the most emitted pollutants to the atmosphere. This study demonstrates for the first time a new perspective in toluene treatment based on its continuous bioconversion into high-value chemicals, specifically ectoine and hydroxyectoine, which hold considerable commercial relevance in the cosmetic industry with market prices reaching 1000 € kg⁻¹. Specific ectoine and hydroxyectoine contents of 27.3 mg g_TSS⁻¹ were achieved together with toluene elimination capacities of 7.2 ± 1.9 g m⁻³ h⁻¹ and a maximum biomass concentration of 1.8 g L⁻¹. Ectoine synthesis predominated initially, later shifting toward hydroxyectoine, reaching a combined amount of 71.2 mg L⁻¹ (ectoine:hydroxyectoine 32:68) by the end of the assay. Metagenomic analysis revealed key pathways and taxa involved in toluene degradation and ectoine and hydroxyectoine synthesis. Members of Paenibacillus, Rhodococcus and Microbacterium were identified as possessing the enzymes required for toluene degradation via the TOL pathway, while Gordonia, the most abundant genus, was primarily associated with the degradation of intermediates such as benzoate, muconate, or oxoadipate derivatives and their bioconversion into ectoine. These findings revealed a potential metabolically diverse consortium with functional complementarities, where metabolic synergies overcome species-specific limitations and promote the elimination and subsequent valorization of toluene into high-value products fostering sustainable industrial innovation.

甲苯是向大气排放最多的污染物之一，已被许多国家列入《污染物排放和转移登记簿》。这项研究首次展示了甲苯处理的新视角，基于其连续生物转化为高价值化学品，特别是外托碱和羟基外托碱，这在化妆品行业具有相当大的商业意义，市场价格达到1000欧元公斤-1。比外托因和羟外托因含量为27.3 mg gTSS-1，甲苯消除能力为7.2±1.9 g m-3 h-1，最大生物量浓度为1.8 g L-1。最初以外托因合成为主，后来转向羟基外托因，在试验结束时达到71.2 mg L-1的总量（外托因：羟基外托因32:68）。宏基因组分析揭示了参与甲苯降解和外托因和羟外托因合成的关键途径和分类群。Paenibacillus， Rhodococcus和Microbacterium的成员被鉴定为具有通过TOL途径降解甲苯所需的酶，而Gordonia是最丰富的属，主要与苯甲酸酯，黏液酸酯或氧己二酸酯衍生物等中间体的降解及其生物转化为外托因有关。这些发现揭示了一个具有功能互补性的潜在代谢多样性联合体，其中代谢协同作用克服了物种特异性限制，促进了甲苯的消除和随后的高价值产品的增值，从而促进了可持续的工业创新。

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引用次数: 0

Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of widespread cyanotoxins: Degradation pathways and toxicity assessment 广泛存在的蓝藻毒素的催化湿式过氧化氧化（CWPO）：降解途径和毒性评估

IF 11.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141068

David Ortiz , Samuel Cirés , Zahara M. de Pedro , Antonio Quesada , Jose A. Casas , Macarena Munoz

The widespread occurrence of cyanotoxins in water bodies presents a significant health risk due to their high toxicity and persistence in the environment. Exposure to these toxins can lead to severe health issues, from gastrointestinal distress to organ failure, underscoring the urgent need for advanced water treatment methods. Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation (CWPO) has proven effective for cyanotoxin removal; however, the specific degradation pathways during CWPO remain unclear. This study elucidates the possible degradation pathways of some of the most globally prevalent cyanotoxins, including microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN), through CWPO using magnetite as a catalyst. These pathways involve hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, decarboxylation, functional group substitution, and ring opening, identifying new degradation by-products. The evolution of ecotoxicity during CWPO was also examined, revealing an initial increase in effluent toxicity under sub-stoichiometric H₂O₂ conditions, but eventually declines below the toxicity of the original cyanotoxins. Raising the oxidant concentration to stoichiometric levels efficiently eliminates cyanotoxins, yielding primarily short-chain organic acids in a completely non-toxic effluent. These findings are critical for optimizing CWPO as a safe, efficient, and sustainable approach for treating cyanotoxins in water, marking important progress towards cost-effective and environmentally friendly water treatment solutions.

蓝藻毒素在水体中广泛存在，由于其高毒性和在环境中的持久性，对健康构成重大威胁。暴露于这些毒素可导致严重的健康问题，从胃肠道疼痛到器官衰竭，强调迫切需要先进的水处理方法。催化湿式过氧化氧化（CWPO）已被证明是有效的氰毒素去除；然而，在CWPO期间的具体降解途径尚不清楚。本研究阐明了一些全球最普遍的蓝藻毒素，包括微囊藻毒素- lr （MC-LR）和圆柱形精子蛋白酶（CYN），通过CWPO以磁铁矿为催化剂的可能降解途径。这些途径包括羟基化、脱氢、脱羧、官能团取代和开环，识别新的降解副产物。研究还分析了CWPO过程中生态毒性的演变，揭示了在亚化学计量H2O2条件下，废水毒性最初增加，但最终下降到低于原始蓝藻毒素的毒性。将氧化剂浓度提高到化学计量水平，有效地消除了蓝藻毒素，在完全无毒的废水中产生主要的短链有机酸。这些发现对于优化CWPO作为一种安全、高效和可持续的处理水中蓝藻毒素的方法至关重要，标志着在经济高效和环境友好的水处理解决方案方面取得了重要进展。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effects of photoinduced reactive oxygen species and electrons enhance nitrous oxide emissions from irradiated soil 光诱导活性氧和电子的协同效应增强了辐照土壤中氧化亚氮的排放

IF 11.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141093

Xiangyu Chen , Shaofu Huang , Yang Li , Xiuwen Zhang , Haiyang Shao , Xiang Tang , Raymond Jianxiong Zeng , Man Chen

Agricultural soils are the primary source of global anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, which are significantly enhanced by sunlight. Previous studies attribute this phenomenon to increased plant photosynthesis and elevated soil temperature. However, this explanation does not account for the phenomenon persisting in temperature-controlled bare soils, indicating the unclear mechanism driving soil N₂O emissions. By constructing photoelectrically enhanced soil using titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs), the present study demonstrated the role of the inherent photochemical properties of soil in enhancing N₂O emissions. Specifically, photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electrons from soil synergistically increased N₂O emissions. Photoinduced electrons accounted for 83.4 %–92.9 % of the enhanced N₂O emissions, while ROS contributed 7.1 %–16.6 %, indicating that enhanced N₂O emissions were primarily driven by accelerated denitrification by photoinduced electrons. This was evidenced by the decreased ratio of N₂O-to-nitrate (NO₃^-) and increased expression of the narG and nosZ genes. TiO₂ NPs amplified soil N₂O emissions by 3.7 %–28.0 % and enhanced 7.2 %–22.0 % NO₃^- reduction, demonstrating the role of TiO₂ NPs in extending the capacity of soil to emit N₂O and promote nitrogen loss. This effect has long been overlooked in soil environments. This present study uncovers previously overlooked photochemical reactions in soil that influence N₂O emissions, offering insights into the mechanisms by which sunlight drives these emissions. It also highlights the need to consider the impact of photochemical properties of engineered materials on soil systems.

农业土壤是全球人为氧化亚氮（N2O）排放的主要来源，而阳光会显著增强氧化亚氮的排放。先前的研究将这种现象归因于植物光合作用的增加和土壤温度的升高。然而，这一解释并不能解释在温度控制的裸露土壤中持续存在的现象，表明驱动土壤N2O排放的机制尚不清楚。通过使用二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO2 NPs）构建光电增强土壤，本研究证明了土壤固有的光化学性质在增强N2O排放中的作用。具体来说，来自土壤的光诱导活性氧（ROS）和电子协同增加了N2O的排放。光致电子占N2O排放量增加的83.4 % -92.9 %，ROS贡献7.1 % -16.6 %，表明N2O排放量增加主要是由光致电子加速反硝化作用驱动的。N2O-to-nitrate （NO3-）比值降低，narG和nosZ基因表达增加。TiO2 NPs可使土壤N2O排放量增加3.7 % ~ 28.0 %，NO3-还原能力增加7.2 % ~ 22.0 %，表明TiO2 NPs在扩大土壤N2O排放能力和促进氮素流失方面的作用。这种效应在土壤环境中长期被忽视。目前的研究揭示了以前被忽视的影响N2O排放的土壤光化学反应，为了解阳光驱动这些排放的机制提供了见解。它还强调需要考虑工程材料的光化学性质对土壤系统的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Probing PFAS-induced interfacial disturbances with self-propelled camphor motors 用自走式樟脑马达探测pfas诱导的界面扰动

IF 11.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141081

Yu Xu , Siyuan Feng , Shujia Sun , Yaolong Yan , Wen Hao

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent contaminants that strongly accumulate at air–water interfaces, where they influence fate, transport, and treatment efficiency. However, experimental access to their dynamic interfacial effects remains limited. Here, camphor-driven Marangoni motors were employed as macroscopic probes to translate molecular adsorption of PFAS into measurable propulsion dynamics. Using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as a model PFAS and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a hydrocarbon benchmark, systematic comparisons revealed distinct interfacial signatures. Increasing PFOA concentration induced a progression from continuous propulsion to oscillatory motion and confinement, with 0.4 mM PFOA suppressing the propulsion velocity by approximately 72 % relative to the control. In contrast, SDS transitioned from fast propulsion to long-period oscillations and complete arrest, particularly in the presence of Ca²⁺. Quantitative analysis of speed, oscillation period, and peak velocity demonstrated that PFOA exerted more persistent suppression of Marangoni propulsion and retained oscillatory dynamics under ionic perturbation, highlighting its strong and resilient interfacial activity. Localized interactions between PFOA and camphor may modulate interfacial stress renewal in the camphor diffusion zone, supporting sustained oscillatory propulsion compared with SDS. This framework provides a physically transparent model linking amphiphile adsorption to macroscopic interfacial mobility and establishes motion metrics as diagnostic observables for probing amphiphile–interface interactions under non-equilibrium conditions, offering a low-cost platform for mechanistic insight into interfacial processes relevant to water and wastewater treatment.

全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是在空气-水界面强烈积聚的持久性污染物，在那里它们影响命运、运输和处理效率。然而，对其动态界面效应的实验研究仍然有限。本研究采用樟脑驱动的Marangoni电机作为宏观探针，将PFAS的分子吸附转化为可测量的推进动力学。以全氟辛酸（PFOA）为模型全氟辛酸，以十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）为碳氢化合物基准，系统比较发现了不同的界面特征。增加PFOA浓度导致从连续推进到振荡运动和约束的进展，0.4mM PFOA相对于对照组抑制推进速度约72%。相反，SDS从快速推进转变为长周期振荡和完全停滞，特别是在Ca 2 +存在的情况下。速度、振荡周期和峰值速度的定量分析表明，PFOA在离子扰动下对Marangoni推进具有更持久的抑制作用，并保持了振荡动力学，突出了其强而有弹性的界面活性。PFOA和樟脑之间的局部相互作用可能会调节樟脑扩散区的界面应力更新，与SDS相比，支持持续的振荡推进。该框架提供了一个物理透明的模型，将两亲吸附与宏观界面迁移率联系起来，并建立了运动指标作为诊断观察指标，用于探测非平衡条件下两亲界面相互作用，为深入了解与水和废水处理相关的界面过程提供了一个低成本的平台。

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引用次数: 0

A novel conductive 3D covalent organic framework for high-performance trimethylamine gas sensing at room temperature 一种用于室温下高性能三甲胺气体传感的新型导电3D共价有机框架

IF 11.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141104

Luping Chang, Yujiao Bai, Wenqing Gao, Xinyi Han, Zhaoxuan Cheng, Jinghua Yu, Peihua Zhu

With the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) and portable electronic technologies, the demand for gas sensors combining high performance, low operating temperatures, and strong environmental tolerance has become increasingly pressing in both environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics. Trimethylamine (TMA), a volatile amine released from spoiled seafood and markedly elevated in the exhaled breath of chronic kidney disease patients, serves as an essential biomarker of food spoilage and metabolism-related disorders. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) conductive covalent organic framework (TFS-MnPor-COF) with a 2-fold interpenetrated network topology was synthesized via Schiff-base condensation using metal porphyrin units, exhibiting a large surface area, exposed Mn–N₄ sites, hierarchical pores, and excellent conductivity. For the first time, integrating TFS-MnPor-COF into flexible devices enabled a high-performance TMA sensor operating at room temperature with low power consumption, fast response/recovery (72/81 s), wide detection range (0.02–700 ppm), and low detection limit (7.1 ppb). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in-situ Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that oxygen chemisorption modulated the surface depletion layer, leading to changes in resistance upon TMA exposure. Overall, this work introduces a novel 3D COF-based strategy for high-performance gas sensing and provides a promising approach for volatile organic compound detection.

随着物联网（IoT）和便携式电子技术的快速发展，在环境监测和医疗诊断领域，对兼具高性能、低工作温度和强环境耐受性的气体传感器的需求日益迫切。三甲胺（TMA）是一种挥发性胺，从变质的海鲜中释放出来，在慢性肾病患者呼出的气体中显著升高，是食物变质和代谢相关疾病的重要生物标志物。本文利用金属卟啉单元通过席夫碱缩合合成了具有2层互穿网络拓扑结构的三维（3D）导电共价有机骨架（TFS-MnPor-COF），具有较大的表面积、暴露的Mn-N4位、分层孔隙和优异的导电性。首次将TFS-MnPor-COF集成到柔性器件中，使高性能TMA传感器能够在室温下工作，具有低功耗，快速响应/恢复（72/81 s），宽检测范围（0.02-700 ppm）和低检测限（7.1 ppb）。x射线光电子能谱和原位傅立叶变换红外分析表明，氧化学吸附调节了表面损耗层，导致TMA暴露后电阻的变化。总的来说，这项工作引入了一种新的基于3D cof的高性能气体传感策略，为挥发性有机化合物的检测提供了一种有前途的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Burbot (Lota lota) as a bioindicator of microplastic pollution in the Tisza River: Multi-tissue contamination, polymer characterisation, and implications for ecological and human-health risks 作为Tisza河微塑料污染的生物指标：多组织污染、聚合物特征以及对生态和人类健康风险的影响

IF 11.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141048

Ifeanyi Emmanuel Uzochukwu , László Nagy , Dóra Somogyi , Angéla Pásztor , Nelson Ike Ossai , László Antal , Vesela Yancheva , István Csarnovics , Krisztián Nyeste

Microplastic (MP) pollution poses a growing threat to freshwater ecosystems and human health, yet knowledge of its occurrence in European rivers remains limited. This study provides the first evidence of MP contamination in burbot (Lota lota) from the Hungarian upper Tisza River. MPs were detected in all sampled fish (n = 10), with an average of 24.6 ± 7.46 particles per individual. Most particles were fibres (83.3 %), predominantly blue and generally < 500 μm in diameter. A Kruskal–Wallis analysis showed significant differences in MP retention across tissues (p < 0.05), with gills (1.53 MPs g⁻¹) and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT; 1.54 MPs g⁻¹) containing higher loads than liver (0.89 MPs g⁻¹) and muscle (1.07 MPs g⁻¹). Correlation analysis indicated non-significant positive associations (p ≥ 0.05) between total MP load and retention in the GIT (r = 0.41), liver (r = 0.58), and muscle (r = 0.63), but a negative relationship with gills (r = –0.56). Raman spectroscopy confirmed 68 particles representing 17 polymer and copolymer types, grouped into three categories: anthropogenically modified cellulosic fibres (ACF), textile-derived MPs, and petroleum-derived MPs. Textile-associated materials, including ACF, PET–cotton blends, and indigo-dyed polyurethane, predominated, indicating strong inputs from domestic laundering and urban effluent. Estimated human exposure through burbot consumption ranged from 14.4 MPs/week in infants to 320.54 MPs/week in European adults (123.6 MPs/week in Hungary), highlighting a potential dietary exposure pathway. These findings show that inadequate upstream waste management drives contamination and provide a critical baseline for monitoring microplastic pollution in Central European freshwater systems. Given its ecological traits and tissue-specific retention patterns, burbot represents a valuable bioindicator for long-term riverine MP surveillance.

微塑料污染对淡水生态系统和人类健康构成越来越大的威胁，但对其在欧洲河流中的发生情况的了解仍然有限。本研究首次提供了来自匈牙利Tisza河上游的burbot (Lota Lota) MP污染的证据。在所有取样的鱼中都检测到MPs (n = 10)，平均每条鱼24.6 ± 7.46颗粒。大多数颗粒是纤维（83.3 %），以蓝色为主，直径通常为<； 500 μm。Kruskal-Wallis的一项分析显示，不同组织的MP滞留量有显著差异（p <； 0.05），腮（1.53 MPs g⁻¹）和胃肠道（GIT; 1.54 MPs g⁻¹）比肝脏（0.89 MPs g⁻¹）和肌肉（1.07 MPs g⁻¹）含有更高的负载。相关分析显示非重大的积极的关联(p ≥0.05 )议员总负荷和保留在GIT (r = 0.41),肝脏(r = 0.58),和肌肉(r = 0.63),但与鳃的负面关系(r = -0.56)。拉曼光谱确认了68个颗粒，代表17种聚合物和共聚物类型，分为三类：人为改性纤维素纤维（ACF）、纺织品衍生MPs和石油衍生MPs。与纺织有关的材料，包括ACF、pet棉混纺和靛蓝聚氨酯占主导地位，表明家庭洗涤和城市污水的投入很大。通过食用burbot估计的人类暴露范围从婴儿14.4 MPs/周到欧洲成年人320.54 MPs/周（匈牙利123.6 MPs/周），突出了潜在的饮食暴露途径。这些发现表明，上游废物管理不足导致污染，并为监测中欧淡水系统中的微塑料污染提供了关键基线。鉴于其生态特性和组织特异性保留模式，burbot代表了长期河流MP监测的有价值的生物指标。

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引用次数: 0

Alleviating heavy metal migration risks by adding biochar during sludge amelioration of forest soil: Evaluating differential loss across multiple media 污泥改良过程中添加生物炭减轻重金属迁移风险：评估多种介质的差异损失

IF 11.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141098

Yuantong Yang , Yangli Zhang , Xiaojun Ge , Peiqi Pan , Wei Zhang , Jiamin Zhang , Chaohai Wei , Jianbo Liao

The land application of municipal sludge risks heavy metals (HMs) migration via runoff, necessitating effective immobilization strategies. Although biochar can immobilize HMs and reduce erosion, its feedstock-dependent efficacy and role in multi-media transport (surface runoff, interflow, sediment) remain unclear. We evaluated sludge applied alone (SS) or combined with 5 % sludge biochar (SSC), eucalyptus leaf biochar (SSE), or pine sawdust biochar (SSP) in field-simulated rainfall experiments. Biochar properties critically influenced the “soil structure-hydrology-speciation” nexus, dictating HM fate. SSC and SSP reduced surface runoff (7.3–8.4 %) and sediment erosion (12.4–18.3 %), whereas SSE increased the losses. SSC and SSP significantly promoted particle aggregation, increased the > 1 mm particle size fraction by 29.5–50.4 % and reduced the loss of soluble Cd in both surface runoff and interflow by 20.5–44.7 %. In contrast, strongly hydrophobic SSE promoted the leaching of soluble Cd, where the Cd concentration in interflow was 22.58 times higher than that in surface runoff, identified as a critical hidden risk pathway. Sediments were the primary migration carriers, accounting for 44.2–79.2 % of the total loss, and enriched with fine particles (< 0.054 mm). Ecological risk assessment revealed a discrepancy between concentration-based (WQI) and flux-based (RI) indices: though interflow WQI values were all greater than 300 (Unfit for drinking), only the presence of SSE treatment posed a moderate potential ecological risk (RI = 152.4), with Cd being the primary risk factor (E_i > 80). This study underscores the importance of feedstock-specific biochar selection, recommends SSC for optimal risk mitigation, and advocates monitoring interflow and bioavailable HMs to ensure sludge utilization safety.

城市污泥的土地利用存在重金属（HMs）通过径流迁移的风险，因此需要有效的固定策略。虽然生物炭可以固定土壤并减少侵蚀，但其依赖于原料的功效和在多媒体运输（地表径流、互流、沉积物）中的作用尚不清楚。我们在现场模拟降雨试验中评估了单独使用污泥（SS）或与5%污泥生物炭（SSC）、桉树叶生物炭（SSE）或松木屑生物炭（SSP）联合使用的污泥。生物炭的特性严重影响“土壤结构-水文-物种”关系，决定了HM的命运。SSC和SSP减少了地表径流（7.3-8.4%）和泥沙侵蚀（12.4-18.3%），而SSE增加了损失。SSC和SSP显著地促进了颗粒聚集，使1 mm粒径分数增加了29.5 ~ 50.4%，使地表径流和互流中可溶性Cd的损失减少了20.5 ~ 44.7%。强疏水SSE促进了可溶性Cd的浸出，其中汇流中Cd浓度是地表径流中Cd浓度的22.58倍，是一个关键的隐患途径。沉积物是主要的迁移载体，占总流失量的44.2-79.2%，并富含细颗粒（< 0.054 mm）。生态风险评价结果显示，基于浓度（WQI）和基于流量（RI）的指标存在差异：虽然流量间的WQI值均大于300（不适合饮用），但只有SSE处理存在中等潜在生态风险（RI = 152.4），其中Cd是主要危险因素（Ei > 80）。该研究强调了特定原料生物炭选择的重要性，建议采用SSC来优化风险缓解，并倡导监测相互流动和生物可利用的HMs，以确保污泥利用的安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Computation-aided hapten design for highly specific monoclonal antibody and one-step immunochromatographic assay of indomethacin in food and environment 食品和环境中吲哚美辛高特异性单克隆抗体半抗原设计及一步免疫层析分析

IF 11.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141036

Zhuzeyang Yuan , Jiahong Chen , Kangliang Pan , Tian Guan , Hui Liu , Hongtao Lei

Indomethacin (IDM) poses significant safety concerns due to its illegal addition to food and notable environmental persistence. Consequently, there is an urgent need to establish efficient and rapid detection methods applicable to both food and environmental samples. In this study, guided by the analysis and prediction of IDM’s characteristic functional groups, a highly specific monoclonal antibody against IDM was generated, showing an IC₅₀ value of 0.68 ng/mL and cross-reactivity rates below 1.30 % with structural analogues. The recognition mechanism of IDM was further elucidated using homology modeling and molecular docking. Based on the prepared antibodies, a rapid and reliable colloidal gold immunochromatography assay (CG-ICA) was developed, achieving a CCβ value as low as 6 ng/g, in compliance with the requirements of the China Administration for Market Regulation. In the analysis of 20 blind samples, the results of this method were fully consistent with those obtained by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, the test strips remain stable at room temperature for up to 45 days. Therefore, the rapid detection method developed in this study was accurate and reliable, making it suitable for the key screening and monitoring of IDM in food and environmental samples.

吲哚美辛（IDM）因其在食品中的非法添加和显著的环境持久性而引起严重的安全问题。因此，迫切需要建立适用于食品和环境样品的高效、快速的检测方法。本研究通过对IDM特征官能团的分析和预测，生成了一种高特异性的IDM单克隆抗体，其IC50值为0.68 ng/mL，与结构类似物的交叉反应率低于1.30 %。通过同源建模和分子对接进一步阐明了IDM的识别机制。基于制备的抗体，建立了快速可靠的胶体金免疫层析法（CG-ICA）， CCβ值低至6 ng/g，符合中国市场监督管理总局的要求。在对20份盲样的分析中，该方法与LC-MS/MS的结果完全一致。此外，测试条在室温下保持稳定长达45天。因此，本研究建立的快速检测方法准确可靠，适用于食品和环境样品中IDM的重点筛选和监测。

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引用次数: 0

Host-specific and community-driven dynamics of plasmid transfer and stability in activated sludge 宿主特异性和群落驱动的活性污泥中质粒转移和稳定性的动力学

IF 11.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141100

Ruoxuan Bian, Jiachen Ma, Youshuai Fang, Yiheng Qiao, Zirui Yin, Xuxiang Zhang, Lin Ye

Plasmid-mediated transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in activated sludge presents a significant public health concern, yet the dynamics of plasmid transfer within these complex microbial communities remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the conjugation behavior of RP4 plasmids in activated sludge, focusing on host range, stability and microbial community effects. By developing a novel identification method, we identified a range of different RP4 transconjugates, including Burkholderia, Escherichia, Klebsiella and Brevardimona from activated sludge. Serial passage experiments revealed that even under environmental stress, RP4 plasmids exhibit significant instability, with rapid loss within approximately 50–150 generations. Environmental stress increases reactive oxygen species, which increases cell membrane permeability and facilitates plasmid transfer, but may also lead to plasmid damage. Microcosm experiments demonstrated that activated sludge microbiomes enhance RP4 plasmid persistence possible by a “community buffering effect”. These findings underscore the role of microbial communities in promoting plasmid retention in activated sludge systems. By elucidating species-specific and community-level mechanisms of plasmid maintenance, this study provides new insights into plasmid transfer in wastewater treatment systems with implications for mitigating associated public health risks.

活性污泥中质粒介导的抗生素抗性基因转移引起了重大的公共卫生问题，然而，这些复杂微生物群落中质粒转移的动力学仍然知之甚少。在本研究中，我们研究了RP4质粒在活性污泥中的偶联行为，重点研究了宿主范围、稳定性和微生物群落效应。通过开发一种新的鉴定方法，我们从活性污泥中鉴定了一系列不同的RP4转偶联菌，包括伯克霍尔德氏菌、埃希氏菌、克雷伯氏菌和Brevardimona。连续传代实验表明，即使在环境胁迫下，RP4质粒也表现出明显的不稳定性，在大约50-150代内迅速丢失。环境胁迫使活性氧增加，使细胞膜通透性增加，有利于质粒转移，但也可能导致质粒损伤。微观实验表明，活性污泥微生物群可能通过“群落缓冲效应”增强RP4质粒的持久性。这些发现强调了微生物群落在活性污泥系统中促进质粒保留的作用。通过阐明物种特异性和社区水平的质粒维持机制，本研究为废水处理系统中的质粒转移提供了新的见解，并有助于减轻相关的公共卫生风险。

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引用次数: 0