Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.4024/n03ra20e.ntp.16.01
J. Ramsden
Background : The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on preventing or treating long COVID is unclear. We aim to assess the impact of COVID vaccinations administered (i) before and (ii) after acute COVID-19, including vaccination after long COVID diagnosis, on the rates or symptoms of long COVID. Methods : We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane COVID-19 trials, and Europe PMC for preprints from 1 Jan 2020 to 16 Feb 2022. We included trials, cohort, and case control studies reporting on long COVID cases and symptoms with vaccine administration both before and after COVID-19 diagnosis as well as after long COVID diagnosis. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I. Results : We screened 356 articles and found no trials, but 6 observational studies from 3 countries (USA, UK, France) that reported on 442,601 patients. The most common long COVID symptoms studied include fatigue, cough, loss of smell, shortness of breath, loss of taste, headache, muscle ache, trouble sleeping, difficulty concentrating, worry or anxiety, and memory loss or confusion. Four studies reported data on vaccination before SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which three showed statistically significant reduction in long COVID: the odds ratio of developing long COVID with one dose of vaccine ranged between OR 0.22 to 1.03; with two doses OR 0.51 to 1; and with any dose OR 0.85 to 1.01. Three studies reported on post-infection vaccination with odds ratios between 0.38 to 0.91. The high heterogeneity between studies precluded any meaningful meta-analysis. Studies failed to adjust for potential confounders such as other protective behaviours, and missing data, thus increasing the risk of bias, and decreasing the certainty of evidence to low. Discussion : Current studies suggest that COVID-19 vaccinations may have protective and therapeutic effects on long COVID. However, more robust comparative observational studies and trials are urgently needed to clearly determine effectiveness of vaccines in prevention and treatment of long COVID.
{"title":"COVID-19","authors":"J. Ramsden","doi":"10.4024/n03ra20e.ntp.16.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4024/n03ra20e.ntp.16.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on preventing or treating long COVID is unclear. We aim to assess the impact of COVID vaccinations administered (i) before and (ii) after acute COVID-19, including vaccination after long COVID diagnosis, on the rates or symptoms of long COVID. Methods : We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane COVID-19 trials, and Europe PMC for preprints from 1 Jan 2020 to 16 Feb 2022. We included trials, cohort, and case control studies reporting on long COVID cases and symptoms with vaccine administration both before and after COVID-19 diagnosis as well as after long COVID diagnosis. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I. Results : We screened 356 articles and found no trials, but 6 observational studies from 3 countries (USA, UK, France) that reported on 442,601 patients. The most common long COVID symptoms studied include fatigue, cough, loss of smell, shortness of breath, loss of taste, headache, muscle ache, trouble sleeping, difficulty concentrating, worry or anxiety, and memory loss or confusion. Four studies reported data on vaccination before SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which three showed statistically significant reduction in long COVID: the odds ratio of developing long COVID with one dose of vaccine ranged between OR 0.22 to 1.03; with two doses OR 0.51 to 1; and with any dose OR 0.85 to 1.01. Three studies reported on post-infection vaccination with odds ratios between 0.38 to 0.91. The high heterogeneity between studies precluded any meaningful meta-analysis. Studies failed to adjust for potential confounders such as other protective behaviours, and missing data, thus increasing the risk of bias, and decreasing the certainty of evidence to low. Discussion : Current studies suggest that COVID-19 vaccinations may have protective and therapeutic effects on long COVID. However, more robust comparative observational studies and trials are urgently needed to clearly determine effectiveness of vaccines in prevention and treatment of long COVID.","PeriodicalId":39996,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Perceptions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42336213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.4024/n17sh19a.ntp.16.01
J. Shainidze, L. Kalandadze, O. Nakashidze, N. Gomidze
{"title":"Estimation of parameters for a model of polycrystalline solar cells","authors":"J. Shainidze, L. Kalandadze, O. Nakashidze, N. Gomidze","doi":"10.4024/n17sh19a.ntp.16.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4024/n17sh19a.ntp.16.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39996,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Perceptions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45931602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-30DOI: 10.4024/n06ta19a.ntp.15.02
A. Taran, I. Garkusha, V. Taran, A. Timoshenko, I. Misiruk, M. A. Sergiets, T. Skoblo, S. Romaniuk, T. Maltsev, V. Starikov, A. Baturin, A. Mamalis
{"title":"Structure, tribological behaviour and photocatalytic activity of ARC-PVD TiO2 coatings\u0000obtained with a modified curvilinear magnetic filter","authors":"A. Taran, I. Garkusha, V. Taran, A. Timoshenko, I. Misiruk, M. A. Sergiets, T. Skoblo, S. Romaniuk, T. Maltsev, V. Starikov, A. Baturin, A. Mamalis","doi":"10.4024/n06ta19a.ntp.15.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4024/n06ta19a.ntp.15.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39996,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Perceptions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48143300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-30DOI: 10.4024/n01sh19a.ntp.15.02
Shilpa Sharma, Anuradha Bhagat, G. Vishwakarma, S. Mittal
{"title":"Physicochemical characterization of the inclusion compounds of eugenol and\u0000β-caryophyllene in β-cyclodextrin","authors":"Shilpa Sharma, Anuradha Bhagat, G. Vishwakarma, S. Mittal","doi":"10.4024/n01sh19a.ntp.15.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4024/n01sh19a.ntp.15.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39996,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Perceptions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44955980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1994, it was intended to serve as a means of universal ocean governance in resolving international maritime disputes. However, the failure to resolve the ongoing South China Sea Dispute, between the neighboring countries of China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, and the Philippines, has revealed regulatory gaps on the part of global ocean governance. This paper identifies the origins of gridlock in global ocean governance by identifying the diverging national interests of the actors involved in the South China Sea dispute that hinder cooperation in the region. Furthermore, this paper will show how the legacy of UNCLOS has stifled its own ability to mediate this contemporary conflict. In conclusion, this paper asserts that the key to resolving the South China Sea dispute is through multilateral natural resource extraction between the actors involved in the conflict, aided by the legal and diplomatic support of UNCLOS.
{"title":"Gridlock in Global Ocean Governance: Diverging National Interests in the South China Sea","authors":"Wesley Nappen","doi":"10.15367/PJ.V5I2.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15367/PJ.V5I2.203","url":null,"abstract":"With the ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1994, it was intended to serve as a means of universal ocean governance in resolving international maritime disputes. However, the failure to resolve the ongoing South China Sea Dispute, between the neighboring countries of China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, and the Philippines, has revealed regulatory gaps on the part of global ocean governance. This paper identifies the origins of gridlock in global ocean governance by identifying the diverging national interests of the actors involved in the South China Sea dispute that hinder cooperation in the region. Furthermore, this paper will show how the legacy of UNCLOS has stifled its own ability to mediate this contemporary conflict. In conclusion, this paper asserts that the key to resolving the South China Sea dispute is through multilateral natural resource extraction between the actors involved in the conflict, aided by the legal and diplomatic support of UNCLOS.","PeriodicalId":39996,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Perceptions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78829373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the spring semester of 2018, I took History 4497, a writing intensive course with an emphasis on European travel writing. My research focused on English travel writers of the late 16th and early 17th centuries voyaging to Greece. In my analysis, I examine the interactions early English travel writers experienced with the peoples of Greece. These interactions not only allow for an interesting first-hand insight of Greek life but provide reflections of the authors and their culture. Major themes discussed in my analysis include the anti-Greek bias, civilization versus barbarism, and non-elitist perception. I came to the conclusion that while formally-educated English travel writers’ perceptions of Greece were influenced greatly by the negative biases of their teachings, Thomas Dallam, an English organ-builder with no classical knowledge nor formal education, experienced his Greek voyage with a radically different perspective.
{"title":"The Greek Voyage","authors":"Panagiotis Tzumakaris","doi":"10.15367/PJ.V5I2.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15367/PJ.V5I2.207","url":null,"abstract":"During the spring semester of 2018, I took History 4497, a writing intensive course with an emphasis on European travel writing. My research focused on English travel writers of the late 16th and early 17th centuries voyaging to Greece. In my analysis, I examine the interactions early English travel writers experienced with the peoples of Greece. These interactions not only allow for an interesting first-hand insight of Greek life but provide reflections of the authors and their culture. Major themes discussed in my analysis include the anti-Greek bias, civilization versus barbarism, and non-elitist perception. I came to the conclusion that while formally-educated English travel writers’ perceptions of Greece were influenced greatly by the negative biases of their teachings, Thomas Dallam, an English organ-builder with no classical knowledge nor formal education, experienced his Greek voyage with a radically different perspective.","PeriodicalId":39996,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Perceptions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79131363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immigration to the United States has played a crucial role in the founding and development of the nation. However, there has also been a consistent trend of native born United States citizens to pin employment struggles on new immigrant populations. In the wake of the 2016 presidential election and the rhetoric espoused about immigrants, the relationship between new immigrant populations and employment has continued. Is there a relationship between areas with high foreign born populations and high unemployment? By conducting a regression analysis using U.S. Congressional districts as the unit of analysis, I find that there does appear to be a statistically significant relationship between areas with high foreign born populations and high unemployment rates. However, there appears to be a more statistically significant and larger change in the unemployment rate caused by median family incomes and the commuting time to work. I concluded that efforts to better address transportation systems in the United States and addressing income inequality will be more effective at solving unemployment issues than divisive rhetoric towards immigrants. I also recommend that policy initiatives to better integrate new immigrants into U.S. society be studied to curb the relationship between high unemployment areas and high foreign born populations.
{"title":"Foreign Born Populations and Unemployment in the United States: Myth or Reality?","authors":"Steven Doncaster","doi":"10.15367/PJ.V5I2.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15367/PJ.V5I2.202","url":null,"abstract":"Immigration to the United States has played a crucial role in the founding and development of the nation. However, there has also been a consistent trend of native born United States citizens to pin employment struggles on new immigrant populations. In the wake of the 2016 presidential election and the rhetoric espoused about immigrants, the relationship between new immigrant populations and employment has continued. Is there a relationship between areas with high foreign born populations and high unemployment? By conducting a regression analysis using U.S. Congressional districts as the unit of analysis, I find that there does appear to be a statistically significant relationship between areas with high foreign born populations and high unemployment rates. However, there appears to be a more statistically significant and larger change in the unemployment rate caused by median family incomes and the commuting time to work. I concluded that efforts to better address transportation systems in the United States and addressing income inequality will be more effective at solving unemployment issues than divisive rhetoric towards immigrants. I also recommend that policy initiatives to better integrate new immigrants into U.S. society be studied to curb the relationship between high unemployment areas and high foreign born populations.","PeriodicalId":39996,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Perceptions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80547466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the 1980’s, USA Gymnastics has emerged as a producer of Olympic champions, international success, and athletic excellence. However, with that growing dominance came a network of sexual abuse perpetuated among individuals at all levels of the organization. This paper seeks to examine the way in which USA Gymnastics allowed such abuse to continue and thrive by creating a system in which athletes were discriminated against in their inability to come forward without fear of retribution. I analyzed the rules and legal mechanisms in place within the organization and how they might prevent athletes and/or their coaches from wishing to come forward. I also sought out instances in which these rules were put into practice or warped for the benefit of abusers and enablers. Ultimately, my research showed that the hierarchy of the organization and the rules it enforced were structured in a way that any athlete wishing to report abuse had to risk being ostracized or not taken seriously. In addition, there were many discreet elements embedded in the culture of the organization, and the sport as a whole, that contributed to a toxic atmosphere that was wholly not conducive to safety and fairness in the practice of reporting abuse.
{"title":"Loss of Balance: Destructive Legal Mechanisms Within USA Gymnastics Policy and their Contributions to a Toxic and Abusive Environment","authors":"K. Weaver","doi":"10.15367/PJ.V5I2.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15367/PJ.V5I2.208","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1980’s, USA Gymnastics has emerged as a producer of Olympic champions, international success, and athletic excellence. However, with that growing dominance came a network of sexual abuse perpetuated among individuals at all levels of the organization. This paper seeks to examine the way in which USA Gymnastics allowed such abuse to continue and thrive by creating a system in which athletes were discriminated against in their inability to come forward without fear of retribution. I analyzed the rules and legal mechanisms in place within the organization and how they might prevent athletes and/or their coaches from wishing to come forward. I also sought out instances in which these rules were put into practice or warped for the benefit of abusers and enablers. Ultimately, my research showed that the hierarchy of the organization and the rules it enforced were structured in a way that any athlete wishing to report abuse had to risk being ostracized or not taken seriously. In addition, there were many discreet elements embedded in the culture of the organization, and the sport as a whole, that contributed to a toxic atmosphere that was wholly not conducive to safety and fairness in the practice of reporting abuse.","PeriodicalId":39996,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Perceptions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75228506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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