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Proceedings of the 21th International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA)最新文献

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The observation of mobile ion of 40nm node by Triangular Voltage Sweep 用三角电压扫描观察40nm节点的移动离子
Clement Huang, James W. Liang, A. Juan, K. Su
Using the different test structures, we investigated the Triangular Voltage Sweep (TVS) variables, e.g. temperature, capacitor area & voltage sweep rate to observe the mobile ion in dielectric layer for Back-end process. We found that temperature 125°C could activate mobile ions. The amount of mobile ion is strongly correlated with tested topology. The amount of mobile ion is also dependent on the voltage sweep rate. Time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) lifetime will reduce 1 order when mobile ion concentration raise 1 order. It is extremely important to specify the reasonable dielectric area of test structure (intra-metal comb length) for both of TDDB and TVS.
采用不同的测试结构,研究了三角电压扫描(TVS)变量,如温度、电容面积和电压扫描速率,以观察后端工艺中介电层中的移动离子。我们发现125°C的温度可以激活移动离子。移动离子的数量与测试的拓扑结构密切相关。移动离子的量也取决于电压扫描速率。随时间变化的介质击穿(TDDB)寿命随移动离子浓度的提高而降低一个数量级。对于TDDB和TVS来说,确定合理的测试结构介电面积(金属内梳长度)是非常重要的。
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引用次数: 2
40nm NAND flash reliability failure analysis with identification tools combination 40nm NAND闪存可靠性失效分析与识别工具组合
M. Hsiao, Yi Heng Chen, L. Yang
In the tradition failure analysis procedure, it is hard to find the physical root cause for 40nm NAND flash reliability testing failure. Because of it has weak micro-leak with repeating and longer metal conducting wire. We used several analysis methods to narrow down the defect location such as OBIRCH (Optical Beam Induced Resistance change) and PVC (Passive Voltage Contrast) to narrow down to 100um. Besides, EBAC (Electron Beam Absorbed Current) combine FIB circuit repair to isolation the failure location to one via. Finally, we preformed the FIB cross section analysis success to find the root cause.
在传统的失效分析程序中,很难找到40nm NAND闪存可靠性测试失效的物理根源。由于其微漏性较弱,金属导线重复且长度较长。我们使用OBIRCH(光学光束感应电阻变化)和PVC(无源电压对比)等几种分析方法来缩小缺陷位置,将缺陷位置缩小到100um。此外,电子束吸收电流(EBAC)结合FIB电路修复将故障位置隔离到一个通孔。最后,我们成功地进行了FIB截面分析,找到了根本原因。
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引用次数: 1
Improvement of 3D current mapping by coupling magnetic microscopy and X-Ray computed tomography 磁显微术与x射线计算机断层扫描相结合对三维电流映射的改进
Nicolas Courjault, Fulvia Infante, V. Bley, T. Lebey, P. Perdu
Magnetic Microscopy has demonstrated all its functionality for 2D component thanks to its ability to image current density distribution from magnetic field. At the “More than Moore” age, we need to improve our capabilities to detect and localize failure in 3D components. Unfortunately, it is not possible to directly image 3D current density from a magnetic field scan. 3D conductive path information, that could come from design, and failure assumptions are also needed. In this paper, a new approach based on X-Ray Computed Tomography that bypasses the need of design information and failure site assumptions is presented and its results are discussed.
由于磁性显微镜能够从磁场中成像电流密度分布,因此它已经证明了其在2D组件中的所有功能。在“超越摩尔”时代,我们需要提高检测和定位3D组件故障的能力。不幸的是,不可能从磁场扫描中直接成像三维电流密度。3D导电路径信息可能来自设计,也需要故障假设。本文提出了一种基于x射线计算机断层扫描的新方法,该方法不需要设计信息和故障点假设,并对其结果进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 1
FIB-SEM investigation and auto-metrology of polymer-microlens/CFA arrays of CMOS image sensor CMOS图像传感器聚合物微透镜/CFA阵列的FIB-SEM研究与自动计量
P. Sharma, Tai Shan Chiu, S. Biring, T. Chang, C. Chu, Y. Hsieh
We report sample preparation and FIB-SEM investigation of polymer-microlens/CFA arrays of CMOS image sensor for investigating possible nanoscale voids. Polymer staining was employed to delineate boundaries of color filters and microlenses. Newly developed in-house auto-metrology software was used for dimension and uniformity study of SEM images of microlenses.
我们报道了CMOS图像传感器的聚合物微透镜/CFA阵列的样品制备和FIB-SEM研究,以研究可能的纳米级空隙。聚合物染色用于描绘彩色滤光片和微透镜的边界。采用自主开发的自动测量软件对微透镜的扫描电镜图像进行了尺寸和均匀性研究。
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引用次数: 1
Systematic methods to identify and verify non-visible defects in silicon substrate 识别和验证硅衬底中不可见缺陷的系统方法
Hongwei Huang, Winnie Wei, J. J. Xin, Candy Liu, Luke Wu, Clieve Dai, Pinglung Liao, Wei Xu
For failure analysis, most of defects are visible to imaging tools, such as OM, SEM, FIB, TEM etc. However, there are still lots of non-visible defects which cannot be caught by these tools. As complexity for such non-visible defect failure analysis is much high, FA engineers were often puzzled where to begin from. Two such cases were presented in this paper with solutions. The systematic methods for these cases include electrical data mining, brainstorming or fish-bone diagram method to list all failure possibilities, and then proper characterization tools or methods were used to identify and verify the hypotheses. Finally DOE (design of experiments) was used to verify the root cause. As a result, phosphorus contamination was found for embedded Flash products' MOS threshold voltage shift issue, and higher substrate oxygen concentration for Power MOS products source to drain low breakdown voltage issue.
对于失效分析,大多数缺陷是可见的成像工具,如OM, SEM, FIB, TEM等。然而,仍然有许多不可见的缺陷不能被这些工具捕获。由于这种不可见缺陷失效分析的复杂性非常高,故障分析工程师常常困惑于从何入手。本文给出了两个这样的例子,并给出了解决方案。这些案例的系统方法包括电气数据挖掘,头脑风暴或鱼骨图法列出所有故障可能性,然后使用适当的表征工具或方法来识别和验证假设。最后采用DOE (design of experiments)验证了根本原因。结果发现,磷污染导致嵌入式Flash产品的MOS阈值电压偏移问题,而Power MOS产品源的衬底氧浓度较高导致击穿电压低问题。
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引用次数: 0
Temperature effect on reflected laser probing signal of multiple elementary substructures 温度对多基本子结构反射激光探测信号的影响
M. Rebai, F. Darracq, Jean-Paul Guillet, D. Lewis, P. Perdu, K. Sanchez
Electro-Optical Probing (EOP) has shown its efficiency in the world of failure analysis. The different external physical parameters effects, especially the temperature, on the EOP signals are not well known and not that much described in the literature. In addition to thermoreflectance, the temperature is a parameter that affects directly the free carrier's distribution and carrier mobilities inside the semiconductor. Temperature also modifies the absorption coefficient and not only the refractive index as known in the thermo-reflectance domain. All the physical and environmental parameters contribute to the modulation of the reflected laser probing beam onto structures under test. In this paper we will expose the origins of the reflected laser beam and the impact of the temperature on the EOP signal. For the first time, all the parameters, including temperature, have been taken into account. It opens the door of laser probing techniques improvements in failure analysis of submicron devices.
光电探测(EOP)在失效分析领域已显示出其有效性。不同的外部物理参数对EOP信号的影响,特别是温度的影响并不为人所知,在文献中也没有那么多的描述。除了热反射率外,温度也是直接影响半导体内部自由载流子分布和载流子迁移率的参数。温度也会改变吸收系数,而不仅仅是在热反射领域中已知的折射率。所有的物理和环境参数都有助于反射激光探测光束在被测结构上的调制。在本文中,我们将揭示反射激光束的来源和温度对EOP信号的影响。这是第一次考虑到包括温度在内的所有参数。为激光探测技术在亚微米器件失效分析中的改进打开了大门。
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引用次数: 2
Evidence for defect pairs in SiON pMOSFETs pmosfet中缺陷对的证据
Tibor Grasser, K. Rott, Hans Reisinger, M. Waltl, Wolfgang Goes
Detailed time-dependent defect spectroscopy (TDDS) studies have recently demonstrated that recovery following negative bias temperature stress in MOSFETs is to good approximation consistent with a collection of independent (effective) first-order reactions. While the data are largely consistent with the first-order picture, several `anomalies' such as switching traps and disappearing/reappearing traps have already been identified and analyzed. Here, we focus on a newly made observation, namely that emission events apparently belonging to a single defect can in fact be composed of two subsequent emission events if the device is stressed for a long enough time. We analyze this peculiarity as a function of bias and temperature and conclude that it is most likely due to a pair of defects which for some reason have similar configurations and thus similar properties.
详细的时间相关缺陷光谱(TDDS)研究最近表明,mosfet负偏置温度应力后的恢复与独立(有效)一阶反应的集合非常接近。虽然数据在很大程度上与一阶图一致,但已经识别和分析了一些“异常”,例如切换陷阱和消失/重新出现的陷阱。在这里,我们关注的是一个新的观察,即表面上属于单个缺陷的发射事件实际上可以由两个后续的发射事件组成,如果器件受到足够长的时间的应力。我们分析了这种特性作为偏置和温度的函数,并得出结论,它很可能是由于一对缺陷由于某种原因具有相似的结构,从而具有相似的性质。
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引用次数: 1
Bias temperature instability investigation of double-gate FinFETs 双栅finfet偏置温度不稳定性研究
C. Young, A. Neugroschel, K. Majumdar, Z. Wang, K. Matthews, C. Hobbs
Double-gate, fin-based Field Effect Transistors (FinFETs) fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers were subjected to bias temperature instability (BTI) evaluation where focus was placed on the crystallographic sidewall orientation and fin width dependence. For orientation dependence, BTI results at negative stress bias (NBTI) demonstrated that the (110) fin surface degraded more than the (100) surface, because more surface bonds are available in (110) to participate as bond-breaking trap centers during stress. For fin width dependence, positive BTI experienced no dependence on fin width; however, NBTI degradation increased as the fin width narrowed. A plausible cause is a concentration of electrons tunneled from the gate that reside in the SOI fin body. As the fin narrows, the sidewall device channel region moves in closer proximity to these concentrated electrons, which induces more band bending (i.e., increase the surface potential) at the fin/dielectricinterface resulting in a higher electric field and hole concentration in this region during stress, leading to more degradation.
在绝缘体上硅(SOI)晶圆上制造的双栅极、基于翅片的场效应晶体管(finfet)进行了偏置温度不稳定性(BTI)评估,重点放在晶体学侧壁方向和翅片宽度依赖上。对于取向依赖,负应力偏置(NBTI)下的BTI结果表明(110)翅片表面比(100)表面退化更严重,因为(110)中有更多的表面键在应力作用下作为断键陷阱中心参与。对于鳍宽依赖,正BTI对鳍宽没有依赖;然而,NBTI的退化随着翅片宽度的变窄而增加。一个合理的原因是,从栅极隧穿出来的电子集中在SOI鳍体中。当翅片变窄时,侧壁器件通道区域靠近这些集中的电子,从而在翅片/介电界面处引起更多的带弯曲(即增加表面电位),从而导致应力期间该区域的电场和空穴浓度更高,从而导致更多的退化。
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引用次数: 4
Gate oxide rupture localization by photon emission microscopy with the combination of Lock-in IR-OBIRCH 锁相IR-OBIRCH结合光子发射显微镜的栅氧化物断裂定位
Chunlei Wu, S. Yao
There are many failure analysis cases are induced by the gate oxide rupture. It is a common and important failure mechanism in failure analysis. Photon emission microscopy with the combination of Lock-in IR-OBIRCH are very effective to localize the gate oxide rupture in MOS transistor, which can decrease analysis cycle time and improve success rates remarkably. In this paper, some different cases are presented to show how to locate the gate oxide rupture in MOS transistor accurately and quickly by photon emission microscopy with the combination of Lock-in IR-OBIRCH.
由于闸门氧化层破裂而引起的失效分析案例很多。它是失效分析中常见而重要的失效机制。光子发射显微镜结合锁相IR-OBIRCH对MOS晶体管栅极氧化物破裂的定位非常有效,可以显著缩短分析周期,提高分析成功率。本文介绍了结合锁相IR-OBIRCH的光子发射显微技术如何准确、快速地定位MOS晶体管栅极氧化物破裂点。
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引用次数: 0
New technique for acquiring dead pixel free and fine inspection image of advanced LSI package with rough surface using scanning acoustic tomograph 采用扫描声层析成像技术获取表面粗糙的高级LSI封装无死像和精细检测图像
K. Kitami, Masakatsu Murai, Natsuki Sugaya, O. Kikuchi, Shigeru Ohno
We have developed three new gate tracking functions to acquire dead-pixel-free and fine inspection images for advanced LSI packages with rough surface using a scanning acoustic tomo-graph. These are predicted surface gate tracking, double surface gate tracking and predicted S2-gate tracking methods. The advantages of these functions are demonstrated by using various test samples.
我们已经开发了三个新的门跟踪功能,以获取无死像素和精细的检测图像,先进的LSI封装粗糙表面使用扫描声断层成像。这些方法包括预测曲面栅极跟踪、双曲面栅极跟踪和预测s2栅极跟踪。通过使用各种测试样本证明了这些函数的优点。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Proceedings of the 21th International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA)
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