Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1998.10799019
P. Kwieciński
AbstractThis article examines cultural asymmetry, a feature engendered by rapid cultural transformation and posited to be a crucial contextual factor in translating into and from weaker or dominated cultures. It argues that the asymmetry affects translators’ choices – often implicitly – in terms of domestication and foreignization and presents an analysis of an extensive corpus of English-Polish translations in two genres: voiceover and news articles. The findings demonstrate a marked dominance of highly foreignizing procedures in the translation of culture-specific items, a trend which in the majority of cases cannot be attributed to formal or genre-related restrictions, audience design, or lack of competence on the part of translators. In addition, the article provides an overview of the effects of the Polish cultural transition on translation practices and suggests ways in which a cotext-and context-sensitive analysis of individual translations can be accommodated within a quantitative study.
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Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1998.10799030
Lawrence Venuti
This bibliography aims to provide no more than a general sense of the recent history and range of research into the question of minority in translation. It is extremely selective, emphasizing widely circulated material, mostly in English. It lists anthologies that contain more than one pertinent piece, although the individual pieces themselves are not listed. I have also included some material that is difficult to locate and might not appear in bibliographies devoted to translation studies.
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Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1998.10799023
Eric Keenaghan
AbstractQueer-identified authors may use translation to articulate their own sexual identity or to develop a queer politics. The gay American poet Jack Spicer was particularly interested in using his translations for both ends. To be openly gay (what is referred to here as ‘visible’) in the United States during the 1950s was both a dangerous and politically charged position. Through his 1957 translations of the work of Federico Garcia Lorca, a gay Spanish modernist poet, Spicer forces Lorca into this precarious position of gay visibility while reclaiming the American poet Walt Whitman from a critical tradition that insists on masking his homosexuality. Spicer’s translation of Lorca’s ‘Oda a Walt Whitman’ gives us a better understanding of how and why his utilization of a recognizably homosexual lexicon pushes homosexuality into his possibly resistant readers’ attention, demonstrating how the lexicon and register of translated texts can serve as critical apparatuses that create forms of alternative politic...
摘要酷儿作者可能通过翻译来表达自己的性别身份或发展一种酷儿政治。美国同性恋诗人杰克·斯派塞(Jack Spicer)对在两端使用他的翻译特别感兴趣。在20世纪50年代的美国，公开自己是同性恋(这里指的是“可见”)是一种既危险又充满政治色彩的立场。1957年，斯派塞翻译了西班牙现代主义同性恋诗人费德里科·加西亚·洛尔卡(Federico Garcia Lorca)的作品，迫使洛尔卡陷入同性恋可见性的危险境地，同时把美国诗人沃尔特·惠特曼(Walt Whitman)从坚持掩盖同性恋身份的批评传统中解救出来。斯派塞对洛尔卡的《Oda a Walt Whitman》的翻译让我们更好地理解了他是如何以及为什么使用一个公认的同性恋词汇将同性恋推入他可能抗拒的读者的注意力，证明了翻译文本的词汇和语域如何能够作为创造替代政治形式的关键工具……
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Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1998.10799020
Sílvia Coll-Vinent
English novels generally came into Catalan culture during the interwar years via France. The process of mediation is reflected in the canon of authors translated during a period of renewal, which witnessed heated debate on the novel in both France and Catalonia. According to French critics, the English novel was an alternative to their own tradition, and their discourse of mediation informed the translation projects and practices of Catalan writers and critics. A Catalan translation of Joseph Conrad’s ‘Typhoon’ reveals not only the depth of the French mediation, but the extent to which the objectives set by the Catalan cultural elite were fulfilled.
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Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1998.10799025
Loredana Polezzi
Between the 1930s and the 1950s a series of books on Tibet written by Italian explorers were translated into English. This article analyses the way in which the Italian texts present the 'personae' of the authors and their respective relationship with national, international and imperial discourses of the period. The analysis then moves on to describe how, by operating shifts in such narrative devices as authorial voice and tense structure, the English translations modified the relationships between narrator, reader and object of the narration, thus appropriating the texts and rewriting them in accordance with the conventions of the English travel writing tradition, the expectations of the British public, and the discourse of Empire (or, later, the post-colonial discourse of tourism).
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Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1998.10799029
María GonzáLez-Davies, R. Samson, Xus Ugarte
AbstractThe attractive market town of Vic, 60 kms north of Barcelona, is home to one of Spain’s newest translation and interpretation faculties (FCHTD), opened in 1993. The FCHTD provides integrated instruction at undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level, specializing in translation into Spanish and Catalan. Innovative aspects of the approach taken at the faculty include an emphasis on translation as a set of transferable skills independent of particular language pairs and a highly coordinated multidisciplinary syllabus. The doctoral programme focuses directly in many of its components on translation and minority issues and is outlined in some detail in this profile.
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Pub Date : 1997-11-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1997.10798997
Susan Bernofsky
AbstractForeignizing translation – allowing the features of the source language to influence the language of the target text – is the most prominent issue in the translation theory of the German romantics. Its major proponent, Friedrich Schleiermacher, saw it as key to the aesthetic and cultural education of the German nation. But what did foreignization in romantic practice look like? This article compares the work of August Wilhelm Schlegel, arguably the foremost romantic translator (though his work is not overtly foreignizing) with that of Johann Heinrich Voss, one of the period’s most heavily foreignizing translators and avowed enemy of all things romantic. The goal is to arrive at a fuller picture of the role played by foreignization in German romantic translation, both in theory and practice.
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Pub Date : 1997-11-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1997.10798996
B. Alexieva
AbstractInterpreter-mediated events have become more frequent and more complex in the past few decades. This article attempts to account for the variables that shape such events, treating them both as communicative acts which can be described in terms of what we know about human communication in general, and as instances of intercultural communication which can only be adequately described with reference to culture-specific norms of behaviour. The proposed typology of interpreter-mediated events adopts a prototype rather than a taxonomic approach to the data and attempts to categorize such events in terms of two broad parameters: mode of delivery, including the use or non-use of ancillary equipment, and elements of the communicative situation, namely primary and secondary participants, topic, type of text, spatial and temporal specificities and the nature of the goals pursued by participants. These parameters are particularly important in determining the degree of culture specificity of an event, which ha...
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Pub Date : 1997-11-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1997.10798998
H. Somers
AbstractHuman-Aided Machine Translation (HAMT) relies on the traditional roles of pre-editing, interaction and post-editing. ‘Post-editing’ is an activity generally understood to involve revision of the output ‘in the light of errors’ made by the system. This article proposes a new type of activity which involves changing the source text in the light of errors made by the software in order to improve the performance of the system. This activity involves adjusting the ‘input’ (rather than output) to the system and combines the possibility of controlling the errors that an MT system produces by manipulating its input (the source text) with the possibility of reacting to the errors once they have been seen, which is normally thought of as post-editing. The novelty lies in ‘post-editing’ the input, not the output. Some examples illustrating this approach are given and the implications for improving the efficiency of HAMT systems are discussed.
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