Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103684
Michelle C. Reeves , Lise Grøva , Lesley Jessiman , Cathy M. Dwyer
Despite enthusiastic industry and policy developments around Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technology, it is unclear how often the development of new tools is centred around farmers' needs and means. This study aimed to identify the perceived benefits and disadvantages of PLF technology on Norwegian sheep farms. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 Norwegian sheep farmers who use one or more PLF tool. Participants were between 35 and 70 years old, were from three Norwegian regions and farmed between 20 and 400 ewes. The most used technologies were GPS collars monitoring sheep location and registration software. Interview transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and six themes were identified: Resources and Savings, Gaining Control, The User Experience, The Human-Animal Relationship, Trust in Technology and Stewards of the Land. The identified advantages of technology use were time, energy and economic savings that lightened farmers' cognitive burden, offered an increased sense of control gained through access to new data, an improved relationship between the farmers and their sheep, and an increased ability to preserve their farming lifestyle and the land they farm on. However, these benefits were not unanimously agreed upon, with many participants suggesting that the economic costs outweighed the time and energy savings, that farmers’ cognitive burden actually increased, that sellers and digital information could be untrustworthy and that technology posed a risk to the quality of the human-animal relationship. These findings could inform the future development and applications of user-centric PLF products to support the resilience of farming communities.
{"title":"Norwegian sheep farmers’ perception of the advantages and disadvantages of Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies","authors":"Michelle C. Reeves , Lise Grøva , Lesley Jessiman , Cathy M. Dwyer","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite enthusiastic industry and policy developments around Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technology, it is unclear how often the development of new tools is centred around farmers' needs and means. This study aimed to identify the perceived benefits and disadvantages of PLF technology on Norwegian sheep farms. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 Norwegian sheep farmers who use one or more PLF tool. Participants were between 35 and 70 years old, were from three Norwegian regions and farmed between 20 and 400 ewes. The most used technologies were GPS collars monitoring sheep location and registration software. Interview transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and six themes were identified: Resources and Savings, Gaining Control, The User Experience, The Human-Animal Relationship, Trust in Technology and Stewards of the Land. The identified advantages of technology use were time, energy and economic savings that lightened farmers' cognitive burden, offered an increased sense of control gained through access to new data, an improved relationship between the farmers and their sheep, and an increased ability to preserve their farming lifestyle and the land they farm on. However, these benefits were not unanimously agreed upon, with many participants suggesting that the economic costs outweighed the time and energy savings, that farmers’ cognitive burden actually increased, that sellers and digital information could be untrustworthy and that technology posed a risk to the quality of the human-animal relationship. These findings could inform the future development and applications of user-centric PLF products to support the resilience of farming communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 103684"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104292
Hope Steadman
Natural capital accounting is widely adopted in the UK as a means of supporting environmental measurement and management, with digital automation technologies increasingly shaping its practice. Natural capital approaches have been critiqued by geographers for being ontologically reductive and for over-privileging certain technocratic knowledges. Nevertheless, this analysis can overlook environmental practitioners’ awareness of and attempts to address these critiques. This paper therefore makes two interventions. It first analyses what it terms the Automated Natural Capital (ANC) imaginary, exploring how stakeholders involved in the development of an ANC tool articulate, experience and envision it. It finds that such tools are indeed founded upon functional relations with nature, failing to acknowledge alternative knowledges, whilst also black boxing the socio-political logics behind the choice of reductionist valuations. Secondly, however, it identifies how and why stakeholders working at a Scottish rewilding site resign themselves to ANC, deemed as necessary to channel attention and support to nature recovery. It conceptualises this as “resigned reductionism”, understood as affectively co-constituting the ANC imaginary. The paper ends by suggesting that resignation is bound up in promises of the future digital optimisation of ANC, which risks displacing transformational alternatives to an unrealised future. It therefore argues for the wider significance of this concept in contemporary environmental governance.
{"title":"Resigned reductionism: Reconceptualising digital imaginaries of automated natural capital","authors":"Hope Steadman","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural capital accounting is widely adopted in the UK as a means of supporting environmental measurement and management, with digital automation technologies increasingly shaping its practice. Natural capital approaches have been critiqued by geographers for being ontologically reductive and for over-privileging certain technocratic knowledges. Nevertheless, this analysis can overlook environmental practitioners’ awareness of and attempts to address these critiques. This paper therefore makes two interventions. It first analyses what it terms the Automated Natural Capital (ANC) imaginary, exploring how stakeholders involved in the development of an ANC tool articulate, experience and envision it. It finds that such tools are indeed founded upon functional relations with nature, failing to acknowledge alternative knowledges, whilst also black boxing the socio-political logics behind the choice of reductionist valuations. Secondly, however, it identifies how and why stakeholders working at a Scottish rewilding site resign themselves to ANC, deemed as necessary to channel attention and support to nature recovery. It conceptualises this as “resigned reductionism”, understood as affectively co-constituting the ANC imaginary. The paper ends by suggesting that resignation is bound up in promises of the future digital optimisation of ANC, which risks displacing transformational alternatives to an unrealised future. It therefore argues for the wider significance of this concept in contemporary environmental governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 104292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1177/15248380251333411
Cassidy J. Weekes, Jennifer E. Storey, Afroditi Pina
The existing body of research on cyberstalking has identified the prevalent nature of this behavior, and the detrimental impact that cyberstalking has on victims and society. This systematic review aims to summarize literature on the perpetration of cyberstalking with two research questions: (a) Who are the perpetrators of cyberstalking? and (b) What are the methods of cyberstalking? Two literature databases (SCOPUS and Web of Science) were searched for empirical research or literature reviews examining cyberstalking perpetration and/or methods. Following screening, 80 articles were identified and rated as highly relevant based on their applicability to the research questions. Perpetrators of cyberstalking were found to lack social skills, have low self-control, have experienced physical abuse victimization, endorsed stalking-related attitudes, and have higher rates of Internet use. Perpetrators were motivated by trying to reconcile a relationship, exact revenge, seek a relationship, or establish control over the victim. The most commonly reported methods of cyberstalking were unwanted and repeated online contact through email, social media, or text message. Other methods of cyberstalking include accessing the victim’s accounts, tracking their GPS location, posing as the victim online, or contacting friends/family of the victim. The findings of this review highlight precursors to, and patterns of, cyberstalking perpetration, and future research is required to explore how existing “offline” stalking risk assessments and typologies can be applied to cases of cyberstalking, which would allow authorities to develop effective case management strategies.
关于网络跟踪的现有研究表明了这种行为的普遍性，以及网络跟踪对受害者和社会造成的有害影响。本系统性综述旨在总结有关网络跟踪行为的文献，并提出两个研究问题：(a) 谁是网络跟踪的实施者？ (b) 网络跟踪的方法有哪些？我们在两个文献数据库（SCOPUS 和 Web of Science）中搜索了有关网络跟踪行为和/或方法的实证研究或文献综述。经过筛选，确定了 80 篇文章，并根据其对研究问题的适用性评定为高度相关。研究发现，网络跟踪的施害者缺乏社交技能、自控能力差、有身体虐待受害经历、认可跟踪相关的态度，而且使用互联网的比例较高。犯罪者的动机是试图调和关系、实施报复、寻求关系或建立对受害者的控制。据报告，最常见的网络跟踪方法是通过电子邮件、社交媒体或短信进行不受欢迎的反复在线联系。其他网络跟踪方法包括访问受害者的账户、跟踪其 GPS 位置、在网上冒充受害者或联系受害者的朋友/家人。本次审查的结果突出了网络跟踪犯罪的前兆和模式，今后需要开展研究，探讨如何将现有的 "离线 "跟踪风险评估和类型学应用于网络跟踪案件，从而使有关当局能够制定有效的案件管理策略。
{"title":"Cyberstalking Perpetrators and Their Methods: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Cassidy J. Weekes, Jennifer E. Storey, Afroditi Pina","doi":"10.1177/15248380251333411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380251333411","url":null,"abstract":"The existing body of research on cyberstalking has identified the prevalent nature of this behavior, and the detrimental impact that cyberstalking has on victims and society. This systematic review aims to summarize literature on the perpetration of cyberstalking with two research questions: (a) Who are the perpetrators of cyberstalking? and (b) What are the methods of cyberstalking? Two literature databases (SCOPUS and Web of Science) were searched for empirical research or literature reviews examining cyberstalking perpetration and/or methods. Following screening, 80 articles were identified and rated as highly relevant based on their applicability to the research questions. Perpetrators of cyberstalking were found to lack social skills, have low self-control, have experienced physical abuse victimization, endorsed stalking-related attitudes, and have higher rates of Internet use. Perpetrators were motivated by trying to reconcile a relationship, exact revenge, seek a relationship, or establish control over the victim. The most commonly reported methods of cyberstalking were unwanted and repeated online contact through email, social media, or text message. Other methods of cyberstalking include accessing the victim’s accounts, tracking their GPS location, posing as the victim online, or contacting friends/family of the victim. The findings of this review highlight precursors to, and patterns of, cyberstalking perpetration, and future research is required to explore how existing “offline” stalking risk assessments and typologies can be applied to cases of cyberstalking, which would allow authorities to develop effective case management strategies.","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.electstud.2025.102936
Jakob de Haan , Franziska Ohnsorge , Shu Yu
We examine a broad set of fiscal outcomes around elections for 104 emerging market and developing economies covering the years 1993–2022, probe for differences between democracies and non-democracies, and estimate the degree to which fiscal deteriorations are reversed after elections. We show three patterns. First, primary deficits rise statistically significantly during elections by 0.6 percentage points of GDP. Primary spending, especially the government wage bill, also rises while indirect tax revenues fall. Second, these deteriorations occur in democracies and non-democracies alike. Third, the deterioration in primary deficits is not reversed after elections, and the deterioration in primary spending is partially reversed after the election, mainly through cuts in capital spending. This pattern, which holds for democracies and non-democracies, implies that deficits in emerging market and developing economies ratchet up over the course of several election cycles. Finally, we find that strong checks and balances, fiscal rules, and the presence of an IMF program partly mitigate the impact of elections on fiscal positions.
{"title":"Election-induced fiscal policy cycles in democratic and non-democratic emerging market and developing economies","authors":"Jakob de Haan , Franziska Ohnsorge , Shu Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.electstud.2025.102936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electstud.2025.102936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine a broad set of fiscal outcomes around elections for 104 emerging market and developing economies covering the years 1993–2022, probe for differences between democracies and non-democracies, and estimate the degree to which fiscal deteriorations are reversed after elections. We show three patterns. First, primary deficits rise statistically significantly during elections by 0.6 percentage points of GDP. Primary spending, especially the government wage bill, also rises while indirect tax revenues fall. Second, these deteriorations occur in democracies and non-democracies alike. Third, the deterioration in primary deficits is not reversed after elections, and the deterioration in primary spending is partially reversed after the election, mainly through cuts in capital spending. This pattern, which holds for democracies and non-democracies, implies that deficits in emerging market and developing economies ratchet up over the course of several election cycles. Finally, we find that strong checks and balances, fiscal rules, and the presence of an IMF program partly mitigate the impact of elections on fiscal positions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48188,"journal":{"name":"Electoral Studies","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102936"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102411
Richard D. Hartley, Marie Skubak Tillyer, Brandon Tregle, Michael R. Smith
While research on court outcomes has proliferated in the last half century, advancing knowledge of courtroom actor decision-making practices, gaps in understanding still exist in the criminal case processing literature. One of these areas relates to low visibility decisions by prosecutors to dismiss cases; another concerns sentencing outcomes at the county level where judges have wider discretion to impose noncarceral punishments. The current study examines prosecutorial decisions to dismiss cases, and judicial decisions to sentence defendants to probation, or deferred adjudication in a large urban county over a 6-year period (2017 to 2022). Results from multivariate models reveal that legal, extra-legal, and case processing factors were associated with dismissals and non-incarceration. We discuss the implications of these findings for case processing at the local level and current knowledge of courtroom actor discretion regarding high volume, low visibility decisions.
{"title":"Case dismissal and noncarceral sentences: High volume, low visibility decision-making in a large urban court","authors":"Richard D. Hartley, Marie Skubak Tillyer, Brandon Tregle, Michael R. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While research on court outcomes has proliferated in the last half century, advancing knowledge of courtroom actor decision-making practices, gaps in understanding still exist in the criminal case processing literature. One of these areas relates to low visibility decisions by prosecutors to dismiss cases; another concerns sentencing outcomes at the county level where judges have wider discretion to impose noncarceral punishments. The current study examines prosecutorial decisions to dismiss cases, and judicial decisions to sentence defendants to probation, or deferred adjudication in a large urban county over a 6-year period (2017 to 2022). Results from multivariate models reveal that legal, extra-legal, and case processing factors were associated with dismissals and non-incarceration. We discuss the implications of these findings for case processing at the local level and current knowledge of courtroom actor discretion regarding high volume, low visibility decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 102411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1177/15248380251335038
Penelope E. Lowe, Sally McManus, Pardis Asadi Zeidabadi, Ravi K. Thiara, Sumanta Roy, Estela Capelas Barbosa, Ladan Hashemi
This scoping review maps the existing available literature on Black and minoritized women’s experiences with specialist Domestic Violence and Abuse (DVA) services in the UK to summarize current understanding and identify knowledge gaps. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases and gray literature sources. All articles had to include Black and minoritized women’s experiences of DVA services. In total, 29 UK-based studies published between 2000 and 2024 were identified. Data were synthesized to identify key themes and gaps. Thematic analysis of the findings revealed three main themes: additional service needs, barriers to accessing support, and the pivotal role of “by and for” services. Our review concludes that “by and for” services—provided by and for minoritized women—which adopt an intersectional approach are crucial in addressing the unique needs of Black and minoritized “survivor–victims”, particularly in terms of language support, practical assistance, and community-related support. There is a need for more peer-reviewed literature to recognize the role of “by and for” services, using diverse methodologies to support Black and minoritized communities better.
{"title":"Black and Minoritized Women’s Experiences of Specialist Domestic Violence Services in the United Kingdom (UK): A Scoping Review","authors":"Penelope E. Lowe, Sally McManus, Pardis Asadi Zeidabadi, Ravi K. Thiara, Sumanta Roy, Estela Capelas Barbosa, Ladan Hashemi","doi":"10.1177/15248380251335038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380251335038","url":null,"abstract":"This scoping review maps the existing available literature on Black and minoritized women’s experiences with specialist Domestic Violence and Abuse (DVA) services in the UK to summarize current understanding and identify knowledge gaps. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases and gray literature sources. All articles had to include Black and minoritized women’s experiences of DVA services. In total, 29 UK-based studies published between 2000 and 2024 were identified. Data were synthesized to identify key themes and gaps. Thematic analysis of the findings revealed three main themes: additional service needs, barriers to accessing support, and the pivotal role of “by and for” services. Our review concludes that “by and for” services—provided by and for minoritized women—which adopt an intersectional approach are crucial in addressing the unique needs of Black and minoritized “survivor–victims”, particularly in terms of language support, practical assistance, and community-related support. There is a need for more peer-reviewed literature to recognize the role of “by and for” services, using diverse methodologies to support Black and minoritized communities better.","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dorondel, Ştefan & SteluŞerban (eds). A new ecological order: development and the transformation of nature in Eastern Europe. 300 pp., bibliogr. Pittsburgh: University Press, 2022. $60.00 (hardcover)","authors":"Agata A. Konczal","doi":"10.1111/1467-9655.14281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.14281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47904,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106134
Sue Anne Teo
<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing being deployed across various sectors in society. While bringing progress and promise to scientific discovery, public administration, healthcare, transportation and human well-being generally, artificial intelligence can also exacerbate existing forms of human vulnerabilities and can introduce new vulnerabilities through the interplay of AI inferences, predictions and content that is generated. This underpins the anxiety of policymakers in terms of managing potential harms and vulnerabilities and the harried landscape of governance and regulatory modalities, including through the European Union’s effort to be the first in the world to comprehensively regulate AI.</div><div>This article examines the adequacy of the existing theories of human vulnerability in countering the challenges posed by artificial intelligence, including through how vulnerability is theorised and addressed within human rights law and within existing legislative efforts such as the EU AI Act. Vulnerability is an element that informs the contours of groups and populations that are protected, for example under non-discrimination law and privacy law. A critical evaluation notes that while human vulnerability is taken into account in governing and regulating AI systems, the vulnerability lens that informs legal responses is one that is particularistic, static and identifiable. In other words, the law demands that vulnerabilities are known in advance in order for meaningful parameters of protection to be designed around them. The individual, as the subject of legal protection, is also expected to be able to identify the harms suffered and therein seek for accountability.</div><div>However, AI can displace this straightforward framing and the legal certainty that implicitly underpins how vulnerabilities are dealt with under the law. Through data-driven inferential insights of predictive AI systems and content generation enabled by general purpose AI models, novel forms of dynamic, unforeseeable and emergent forms of vulnerability can arise that cannot be adequately encompassed within existing legal responses. Instead, it requires an expansion of not only the types of legal responses offered but also of vulnerability theory itself and the measures of resilience that should be taken to address the exacerbation of existing vulnerabilities and but also of emergent ones.</div><div>The article offers a re-theorisation of human vulnerability in the age of AI as one informed by the universalist idea of vulnerability theorised by Martha Fineman. A new conceptual framework is offered, through an expanded understanding that sketches out the human condition in this age as one of ‘algorithmic vulnerability.’ It finds support for this new condition through a vector of convergence from the growing vocabularies of harm, the regulatory direction and drawing from scholarship on emerging vulnerabilities. The article proposes the framework of multi-
{"title":"Artificial intelligence, human vulnerability and multi-level resilience","authors":"Sue Anne Teo","doi":"10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing being deployed across various sectors in society. While bringing progress and promise to scientific discovery, public administration, healthcare, transportation and human well-being generally, artificial intelligence can also exacerbate existing forms of human vulnerabilities and can introduce new vulnerabilities through the interplay of AI inferences, predictions and content that is generated. This underpins the anxiety of policymakers in terms of managing potential harms and vulnerabilities and the harried landscape of governance and regulatory modalities, including through the European Union’s effort to be the first in the world to comprehensively regulate AI.</div><div>This article examines the adequacy of the existing theories of human vulnerability in countering the challenges posed by artificial intelligence, including through how vulnerability is theorised and addressed within human rights law and within existing legislative efforts such as the EU AI Act. Vulnerability is an element that informs the contours of groups and populations that are protected, for example under non-discrimination law and privacy law. A critical evaluation notes that while human vulnerability is taken into account in governing and regulating AI systems, the vulnerability lens that informs legal responses is one that is particularistic, static and identifiable. In other words, the law demands that vulnerabilities are known in advance in order for meaningful parameters of protection to be designed around them. The individual, as the subject of legal protection, is also expected to be able to identify the harms suffered and therein seek for accountability.</div><div>However, AI can displace this straightforward framing and the legal certainty that implicitly underpins how vulnerabilities are dealt with under the law. Through data-driven inferential insights of predictive AI systems and content generation enabled by general purpose AI models, novel forms of dynamic, unforeseeable and emergent forms of vulnerability can arise that cannot be adequately encompassed within existing legal responses. Instead, it requires an expansion of not only the types of legal responses offered but also of vulnerability theory itself and the measures of resilience that should be taken to address the exacerbation of existing vulnerabilities and but also of emergent ones.</div><div>The article offers a re-theorisation of human vulnerability in the age of AI as one informed by the universalist idea of vulnerability theorised by Martha Fineman. A new conceptual framework is offered, through an expanded understanding that sketches out the human condition in this age as one of ‘algorithmic vulnerability.’ It finds support for this new condition through a vector of convergence from the growing vocabularies of harm, the regulatory direction and drawing from scholarship on emerging vulnerabilities. The article proposes the framework of multi-","PeriodicalId":51516,"journal":{"name":"Computer Law & Security Review","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 106134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1007/s10508-025-03121-6
Francisco R. Gómez Jiménez, Ashley K. Dhillon, Doug P. VanderLaan
Same-sex attracted individuals report greater levels of sex-atypical childhood behaviors and adulthood occupational preferences when compared with their heterosexual counterparts. While these sexual orientation differences are well established, the extent to which gender-role presentation relates to such differences is unclear. The present study examined recalled childhood sex-(a)typical behaviors (CSAB) and adulthood occupational preferences in a diverse Thai sample (N = 1294) of cisgender heterosexual men (n = 270) and women (n = 280), gay men (n = 199), lesbian women (n = 56), and unique Thai sexual orientation/gender categories: sao praphet song (i.e., feminine-presenting same-sex attracted males; n = 166), toms (i.e., masculine-presenting same-sex attracted females; n = 174), and dees (i.e., feminine-presenting females sexually attracted to toms; n = 149). Gay men and sao praphet song reported more CSAB and sex-atypical adulthood occupational preferences than heterosexual men, and sao praphet song were more sex-atypical than gay men. Toms reported more CSAB and sex-atypical adulthood occupational preferences than heterosexual women, lesbian women, and dees, whereas lesbian women were more sex-atypical than heterosexual women and dees in childhood but not adulthood. CSAB was associated with sex-atypical adulthood occupational preferences among heterosexual men and all same-sex attracted groups, indicating continuity in gender-role expression development. Overall, this study replicates previous findings indicating greater sex-atypical behaviors and interests during childhood and adulthood among same-sex attracted individuals. It also expands upon prior literature by showing how gender-role presentation relates to these sexual orientation differences among males and females.
{"title":"Sexual and Gender Diversity in Thailand: Associations with Recalled Childhood Sex-Typed Behavior and Adulthood Occupational Preferences","authors":"Francisco R. Gómez Jiménez, Ashley K. Dhillon, Doug P. VanderLaan","doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03121-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-025-03121-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Same-sex attracted individuals report greater levels of sex-atypical childhood behaviors and adulthood occupational preferences when compared with their heterosexual counterparts. While these sexual orientation differences are well established, the extent to which gender-role presentation relates to such differences is unclear. The present study examined recalled childhood sex-(a)typical behaviors (CSAB) and adulthood occupational preferences in a diverse Thai sample (<i>N</i> = 1294) of cisgender heterosexual men (<i>n</i> = 270) and women (<i>n</i> = 280), gay men (<i>n</i> = 199), lesbian women (<i>n</i> = 56), and unique Thai sexual orientation/gender categories: <i>sao praphet song</i> (i.e., feminine-presenting same-sex attracted males; <i>n</i> = 166), <i>toms</i> (i.e., masculine-presenting same-sex attracted females; <i>n</i> = 174), and <i>dees</i> (i.e., feminine-presenting females sexually attracted to <i>toms</i>; <i>n</i> = 149). Gay men and <i>sao praphet song</i> reported more CSAB and sex-atypical adulthood occupational preferences than heterosexual men, and <i>sao praphet song</i> were more sex-atypical than gay men. <i>Toms</i> reported more CSAB and sex-atypical adulthood occupational preferences than heterosexual women, lesbian women, and <i>dees</i>, whereas lesbian women were more sex-atypical than heterosexual women and <i>dees</i> in childhood but not adulthood. CSAB was associated with sex-atypical adulthood occupational preferences among heterosexual men and all same-sex attracted groups, indicating continuity in gender-role expression development. Overall, this study replicates previous findings indicating greater sex-atypical behaviors and interests during childhood and adulthood among same-sex attracted individuals. It also expands upon prior literature by showing how gender-role presentation relates to these sexual orientation differences among males and females.</p>","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prospects of an Anthropology of Understanding","authors":"Chitralekha","doi":"10.1086/735563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735563","url":null,"abstract":"Current Anthropology, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":48343,"journal":{"name":"Current Anthropology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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