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Driving out risk: A taxonomy of factors influencing perceived safety in automated vehicles and the role of knowledge-based variation 排除风险：影响自动驾驶车辆感知安全性的因素分类以及基于知识的变化的作用

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103164

Xinyi Wu , Luca Mora , Clare McTigue

Despite ongoing technological advancements, public acceptance of automated vehicles (AVs) remains limited, with perceived safety (PSAV) emerging as a pivotal determinant of trust and adoption. While prior research has identified factors such as cybersecurity, legal accountability, and functional performance as influential, these elements are often examined in isolation and without a unifying framework. Furthermore, the role of individuals' Knowledge Levels of AVs (KLAV) in shaping the salience of safety concerns remains underexplored. This study addresses these gaps through a qualitative investigation involving 66 interviews with members of the public and AV experts in the United Kingdom. We develop an empirically grounded taxonomy of PSAV comprising thirteen factors, organized into three overarching categories: Technological Safety, Psychological Safety, and Social Safety. Our findings suggest that perceptions of safety are not uniform but vary with participants’ KLAV, which is associated with differences in how safety concerns are interpreted and prioritized. The study advances theoretical understanding by reconceptualizing PSAV as a multidimensional and knowledge-sensitive construct. Practically, the taxonomy and KLAV-based insights offer actionable guidance for AV research, public engagement, and anticipatory governance, supporting more inclusive and socially responsive pathways for AV deployment.

尽管技术不断进步，但公众对自动驾驶汽车（AVs）的接受程度仍然有限，感知安全性（PSAV）正在成为信任和采用的关键决定因素。虽然先前的研究已经确定了网络安全、法律责任和职能绩效等因素的影响，但这些因素往往是孤立的，没有统一的框架。此外，个人对自动驾驶汽车的知识水平（KLAV）在塑造安全问题突出性方面的作用仍未得到充分探讨。本研究通过对英国公众和AV专家进行66次访谈的定性调查来解决这些差距。我们开发了一个基于经验的PSAV分类，包括13个因素，分为三个总体类别：技术安全，心理安全和社会安全。我们的研究结果表明，对安全的看法并不统一，而是随着参与者的KLAV而变化，这与如何解释和优先考虑安全问题的差异有关。该研究通过将PSAV重新定义为一个多维的、知识敏感的结构来推进理论理解。实际上，分类法和基于klv的见解为自动驾驶汽车的研究、公众参与和预期治理提供了可操作的指导，为自动驾驶汽车的部署提供了更具包容性和社会响应性的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Toward equitable air environment: Hourly spatiotemporal hotspot evolution and impact mechanisms of urban PM2.5 exposure risk 走向公平的空气环境：城市PM2.5暴露风险逐时时空热点演变及影响机制

IF 11.2 1区社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2026.108393

Chenyi Song , Yuting Huang , Rui Wang , Daqiang Yin

As global urbanization accelerates, air pollution has become a critical environmental challenge affecting urban public health. Although previous studies under the population-exposure paradigm have revealed the relationship between human activity and air pollution, few have examined how the spatiotemporal variations and inequalities of PM_2.5 exposure risk (PER) relate to environmental characteristics. In particular, the influence of intraday population dynamics on PER has received limited attention. To address these gaps, we developed an environment-spatiotemporal-behavior-exposure analytical framework using big data and interpretable machine learning. Hourly-scale assessments of PER dynamics, identification of PER-evolving hotspots, spatial inequality analysis associated with multiple vulnerable groups, and systematic investigation of environmental factors impacting PER were performed. Using Shanghai as a case study, we found that spatial disparities in PER were primarily driven by resident population, whereas its temporal fluctuations were dominated by PM_2.5 concentration. Persistent PER hotspots were concentrated in high-density urban centers, sub-centers, and job-housing integrated zones within the western industrial cluster, with fluctuating PER hotspots surrounding them. Low-income and migrant groups were subject to higher PER, while spatial inequalities associated with the elderly and children covered broader spatial extents. Environmental factors exerted nonlinear effects on PER, including positive-negative conversion threshold effects, marginal saturation, non-monotonicity, and temporal sensitivity. Their interaction effects further revealed multi-phase fluctuation patterns. Based on these findings, targeted strategies emphasizing spatiotemporal collaborative governance were proposed. These strategies incorporated targeted interventions by time, location, and population group to mitigate PER and its inequality, thereby supporting healthy urban planning and air quality management.

随着全球城市化进程加快，空气污染已成为影响城市公共卫生的重大环境挑战。虽然以往在人口暴露范式下的研究已经揭示了人类活动与空气污染之间的关系，但很少有人研究PM2.5暴露风险（PER）的时空变化和不平等与环境特征之间的关系。特别是，日内种群动态对PER的影响受到的关注有限。为了解决这些差距，我们利用大数据和可解释的机器学习开发了一个环境-时空-行为-暴露分析框架。基于小时尺度的PER动态评估、PER演化热点识别、多弱势群体的空间不平等分析以及影响PER的环境因素的系统调查。以上海市为例，PER的空间差异主要由常住人口驱动，而时间波动主要由PM2.5浓度主导。持久性PER热点集中在西部产业集群内的高密度城市中心、副中心和职住融合区，其周围存在波动性PER热点。低收入和移民群体的PER更高，而与老人和儿童相关的空间不平等覆盖了更大的空间范围。环境因素对PER产生非线性影响，包括正负转换阈值效应、边际饱和度、非单调性和时间敏感性。它们的相互作用进一步揭示了多相波动模式。在此基础上，提出了以时空协同治理为重点的针对性策略。这些战略纳入了按时间、地点和人口群体划分的有针对性的干预措施，以减轻PER及其不平等，从而支持健康的城市规划和空气质量管理。

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引用次数: 0

Metals as a service (MaaS) for copper: A systems-scale framework for circular stewardship, digital traceability, and sustainable resource governance 铜的金属即服务（MaaS）：循环管理、数字可追溯性和可持续资源治理的系统级框架

IF 4.3 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101826

Michael Hitch , Jiajie Li , Duoxueer Jia

Copper sits at the centre of the global transition toward electrification, digitalization, and low-carbon infrastructure. Yet traditional linear models of extraction, fabrication, consumption, and disposal are increasingly misaligned with intensifying demand trajectories and escalating environmental constraints. Declining ore grades, rising energy intensity, and the geopolitical concentration of supply exacerbate systemic vulnerabilities, while the long residence times of copper in infrastructure delay the return of secondary material to productive circulation. In response, this paper advances an integrated, systems-scale framework—Metals as a Service (MaaS)—that reconceptualizes copper as a long-lived, stewarded industrial asset rather than a consumable input. Drawing on updated material-flow research, circular-economy policy developments, and emerging digital infrastructures for traceability, this paper demonstrates how MaaS restructures incentives, enhances recovery efficiency, reduces primary extraction, and stabilizes supply amid accelerating demand.

铜处于全球向电气化、数字化和低碳基础设施转型的中心。然而，传统的提取、制造、消费和处置的线性模型越来越不适应日益加剧的需求轨迹和不断升级的环境约束。矿石品位下降、能源强度上升以及供应的地缘政治集中度加剧了系统脆弱性，而铜在基础设施中的停留时间过长，推迟了二次材料重返生产循环。作为回应，本文提出了一个集成的系统规模框架-金属即服务(MaaS) -将铜重新定义为一种长期使用的管理工业资产，而不是一种可消费的投入。利用最新的物流研究、循环经济政策发展和新兴的可追溯性数字基础设施，本文展示了MaaS如何在需求加速的情况下重组激励机制、提高回收效率、减少初级开采并稳定供应。

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引用次数: 0

A systematic literature review on transparency in the mining industry reveals many under-researched topics 对采矿业透明度的系统文献回顾揭示了许多研究不足的课题

IF 4.3 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2026.101852

Rafaela Shinobe Massignan, Luis Enrique Sánchez

Local communities, civil society organizations, and investors have been calling for transparency in the mining sector, but research falls behind real-world development. Here, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify the major areas of research on transparency in the mining industry. A comprehensive search was made in the Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases, resulting in 15,994 articles. Screening resulted in 945 articles, which were grouped by analyzing their titles, keywords, and abstracts using the lexical software IraMuTeq. This study originally identified six notable topics of transparency in the mining sector on a six-cluster dendrogram, which may assist upcoming research. The largest cluster was “Community participation”, contrasting with the smallest cluster about “Accountability and participation in deep sea mining”, considered an under-researched area with 20 articles. Other understudied areas were revealed, which should be addressed by future research about transparency in mining, expected to grow due to the energy transition.

当地社区、民间社会组织和投资者一直在呼吁提高采矿业的透明度，但研究落后于现实世界的发展。在此，进行了系统的文献综述，以确定采矿业透明度研究的主要领域。在Web of Science、Scopus和Science Direct数据库中进行了全面的搜索，得到了15,994篇文章。筛选产生了945篇文章，通过使用词汇软件IraMuTeq分析其标题、关键词和摘要对其进行分组。本研究最初在六簇树状图上确定了采矿部门透明度的六个值得注意的主题，这可能有助于即将进行的研究。最大的一组是“社区参与”，而最小的一组是“问责制和参与深海采矿”，这被认为是一个研究不足的领域，只有20篇文章。还揭示了其他研究不足的领域，这些领域应通过未来关于采矿透明度的研究加以解决，预计由于能源转型将会增加。

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引用次数: 0

How digital entrepreneurship platforms enable new ventures: A framework of enabling strategies 数字创业平台如何支持新企业：一个支持战略的框架

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103249

Xiao Chen , Roger (Rongxin) Chen , Gang Zheng , Di Song

Prior literature demonstrates that digital entrepreneurship platforms function as external enablers of entrepreneurship, providing essential resources to foster the growth of new ventures. Nonetheless, the strategies employed by these platforms to facilitate entrepreneurial firms remain insufficiently underexplored, leaving gaps in understanding how these platforms operationalize their enabling potential in diverse entrepreneurial contexts. From the theoretical lens of the external enabler framework, this study develops a framework of enabling strategies through a multiple-case study of representative digital entrepreneurship platforms. In this framework, two dimensions and four associated enabling strategies are identified. These strategies refine the mechanisms through which digital entrepreneurship platforms enable new ventures, thus filling the pertinent research gaps in this domain. This study further contributes to the literature on the external enablers of new ventures across distinct scenarios and platform-enabled entrepreneurship.

先前的文献表明，数字创业平台作为创业的外部推动者，为促进新创企业的成长提供了必要的资源。尽管如此，这些平台为促进创业公司所采用的策略仍然没有得到充分的探索，在理解这些平台如何在不同的创业环境中发挥其促进潜力方面存在差距。本研究从外部使能者框架的理论视角出发，通过对具有代表性的数字创业平台的多案例研究，构建了一个使能策略框架。在这个框架中，确定了两个维度和四个相关的启用策略。这些策略完善了数字创业平台催生新企业的机制，从而填补了这一领域的相关研究空白。本研究进一步促进了关于不同情景和平台驱动型创业的新创企业的外部推动因素的文献。

引用次数: 0

The potential impact of artificial intelligence on CO2 emissions: A comparison between China and the US 人工智能对二氧化碳排放的潜在影响：中美对比

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103233

Zuxu Chen , Yu Song

To better address artificial intelligence challenges, a rational assessment of its impacts is essential. However, when estimating the influence of artificial intelligence, most studies have overlooked sectoral heterogeneity and regional competition, which are prevalent in reality. This paper constructs an analytical framework based on the GTAP-E model and input-output analysis to more effectively forecast artificial intelligence's intricate effects. The results show that both China and the US are estimated to achieve better GDP growth during 2025–2035, but the US growth rate is higher. Rising AI adoption in developed countries lowers production costs and prices, impacting exports from China. Environmentally, despite producing more, China's CO₂ emissions growth rate is significantly lower than expected, demonstrates that artificial intelligence has great potential in helping China reduce emissions. China's imports of embodied CO₂ resulting from the export of energy-intensive products will be reduced. In contrast, the US, which may popularize artificial intelligence earlier, is reducing its CO₂ emission intensity more slowly than China by 2035. Besides, with the growth of demand resulting from artificial intelligence, the US will export more embodied CO₂ emissions overseas.

为了更好地应对人工智能的挑战，对其影响进行理性评估至关重要。然而，在评估人工智能的影响时，大多数研究都忽略了现实中普遍存在的行业异质性和区域竞争。为了更有效地预测人工智能的复杂效应，本文构建了基于GTAP-E模型和投入产出分析的分析框架。结果表明，预计中国和美国在2025-2035年期间实现更好的GDP增长，但美国的增长率更高。发达国家越来越多地采用人工智能，降低了生产成本和价格，影响了中国的出口。在环境方面，尽管产量增加，但中国的二氧化碳排放增长率明显低于预期，这表明人工智能在帮助中国减排方面具有巨大潜力。中国能源密集型产品出口产生的隐含二氧化碳进口将会减少。相比之下，美国可能更早普及人工智能，但到2035年，其二氧化碳排放强度的降低速度比中国慢。此外，随着人工智能带来的需求增长，美国将向海外出口更多的隐含二氧化碳排放。

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引用次数: 0

The social impacts of mining in northern Canada: Contemporary manifestations of an enduring challenge 加拿大北部采矿的社会影响：一个持久挑战的当代表现

IF 4.3 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101848

Debra J. Davidson , Angeline Letourneau

Expectations for substantial escalation in mining activities around the globe revitalize concerns about the impacts of mining, and persistent challenges associated with anticipating and mediating those impacts. This is particularly so given that many mineral reserves are in remote locations that are ecologically and culturally sensitive. Northern Canada describes such a place, with a long history of mining, most of which entails disruptions to sensitive Arctic and subarctic landscapes, and incursions onto Indigenous lands. Today, these same lands are simultaneously highly exposed to the impacts of anthropogenic climate change, which may exacerbate the impacts of industrial development. This paper presents the results of a study conducted in collaboration with the Tłı̨chǫ Nation of northern Canada to capture the different forms of enduring social impact due to mining in the region, their potential intersection with emerging impacts of climate change, and prospects for the future of this and other northern Indigenous communities whose lands intersect with mineral reserves.

对全球采矿活动大幅增加的预期使人们重新关注采矿的影响，以及与预测和调解这些影响有关的持续挑战。考虑到许多矿藏位于生态和文化敏感的偏远地区，情况尤其如此。加拿大北部就是这样一个地方，有着悠久的采矿历史，其中大部分都破坏了敏感的北极和亚北极景观，并入侵了土著土地。今天，这些土地同时受到人为气候变化的高度影响，这可能加剧工业发展的影响。本文介绍了与加拿大北部Tłı * * *族合作进行的一项研究的结果，以捕捉该地区采矿造成的不同形式的持久社会影响，它们与气候变化新出现的影响的潜在交集，以及该地区和其他土地与矿产储备相交的北部土著社区的未来前景。

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引用次数: 0

Diversified policy mix selection for building carbon lock-in risk mitigation 构建碳锁定风险缓解的多元化政策组合选择

IF 11.2 1区社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2026.108374

Qingwei Shi , Zaiwen Jia , Weiguang Cai

The building sector, which contributes significantly to carbon emissions, faces increasing carbon lock-in risks. This has led the Chinese government to implement several energy-saving and emission-reduction policies aimed at overcoming high‑carbon path dependencies at the urban level. However, the mechanisms by which policy combinations affect carbon lock-ins in the building sector remain unclear. To address this limitation, this study used data from 284 prefecture-level cities in China and employed the Generalized Divisia Index Method to develop a framework for evaluating building carbon lock-ins. The Real-coded Accelerating Genetic Algorithm-Projection Pursuit model, dual machine learning, and Monte Carlo simulations were then used to systematically predict the mitigating effects of policy combinations on building carbon lock-ins. The results revealed that: (1) approximately one-third of Chinese cities exhibited significant building sector carbon lock-in issues; (2) economic expansion, energy consumption, and building area growth were the primary drivers of building sector carbon emissions, contributing over 85%; and (3) optimal policy combinations varied significantly across different cities, with the Low-Carbon City Pilot Program and New Energy Demonstration City Program demonstrating notable synergistic effects. Appropriate combinations were found to shorten the time required for urban building carbon unlocking by 3–4 years. This study scientifically simulated city-tailored policy combinations, providing evidence-based insights and decision support for optimizing emission-reduction policy combinations and addressing carbon lock-ins in the building sector.

对碳排放贡献巨大的建筑行业面临着越来越大的碳锁定风险。这促使中国政府实施了多项节能减排政策，旨在克服城市层面对高碳路径的依赖。然而，政策组合影响建筑行业碳锁定的机制仍不清楚。为了解决这一局限性，本研究使用了中国284个地级市的数据，并采用广义划分指数法建立了一个评估建筑碳锁的框架。然后使用实编码加速遗传算法-投影寻踪模型、双机器学习和蒙特卡罗模拟系统地预测政策组合对建立碳锁定的缓解效果。结果表明：(1)中国约三分之一的城市存在显著的建筑行业碳锁问题；(2)经济增长、能源消耗和建筑面积增长是建筑行业碳排放的主要驱动因素，贡献率超过85%；(3)各城市间政策组合优化差异显著，低碳城市试点与新能源示范城市协同效应显著。发现适当的组合可以将城市建筑碳释放所需的时间缩短3-4年。本研究科学模拟了针对城市的政策组合，为优化减排政策组合和解决建筑行业的碳锁定问题提供了基于证据的见解和决策支持。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing weather index insurance for climate risk management: A review of modelling techniques and implementation strategies 推进气候风险管理的天气指数保险：建模技术和实施策略综述

IF 11.2 1区社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2026.108376

Charles Joseph , Qingxia Jenny Wang , Shahbaz Mushtaq , Yan Li , Jonathan Barratt , Tim Barratt

Weather index insurance (WII) is a promising climate risk management tool, offering a robust mechanism to enhance agricultural resilience and mitigate the impacts of weather extremes driven by increasing climate variability. The continuous evolution of computational modelling techniques presents significant opportunities to improve the development, accuracy, and reliability of WII schemes. This systematic review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, meticulously analyzes 87 peer-reviewed studies (2008–2025). The primary focus of the study is on advanced modelling approaches for WII design, evaluation, and optimization, along with an in-depth examination of data sources and their integration. The review categorizes modelling techniques into traditional statistical methods and advanced machine learning and deep learning, highlighting their roles in hazard identification, vulnerability assessment, and insurance pricing. Furthermore, emerging technologies like blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) are explored for their potential to support transparent, automated, and scalable insurance delivery. Special attention is given to integrating multi-source climate data (ground-based, gridded, satellite) and addressing critical challenges such as basis risk, model validation, and spatiotemporal alignment. We identify 49 unique indices for quantifying climate indicators across various hazards and evaluate modelling frameworks for capturing complex climate-agriculture interactions. The study provides a comprehensive roadmap by reviewing modelling innovations, data integration practices, index design strategies, and policy frameworks for strengthening WII as a climate adaptation mechanism, supporting sustainability indicators aligned with global resilience goals for vulnerable agricultural systems facing rising climate risks.

天气指数保险（WII）是一种很有前景的气候风险管理工具，它提供了一种强有力的机制，可以增强农业抵御能力，减轻气候变率加剧导致的极端天气的影响。计算建模技术的不断发展为改进WII方案的发展、准确性和可靠性提供了重要的机会。本系统综述遵循PRISMA指南，仔细分析了87项同行评议研究（2008-2025）。本研究的主要重点是WII设计、评估和优化的高级建模方法，以及对数据源及其集成的深入研究。该综述将建模技术分为传统的统计方法、先进的机器学习和深度学习，强调了它们在危险识别、脆弱性评估和保险定价方面的作用。此外，区块链和物联网（IoT）等新兴技术正在探索其支持透明、自动化和可扩展的保险交付的潜力。特别关注整合多源气候数据（地面、网格和卫星），并解决关键挑战，如基础风险、模型验证和时空对齐。我们确定了49个独特的指数，用于量化各种危害的气候指标，并评估了捕获复杂气候-农业相互作用的建模框架。该研究通过回顾建模创新、数据整合实践、指数设计战略和政策框架，提供了一个全面的路线图，以加强WII作为一种气候适应机制，为面临不断上升的气候风险的脆弱农业系统支持符合全球复原力目标的可持续性指标。

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引用次数: 0

Fintech, BigTech credit and sustainable development: International evidence 金融科技、大科技信用与可持续发展：国际证据

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103160

Shahzad Hussain , Ajid Ur Rehman , Hina Affandi , Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan , Nader Naifar

This research study explores the connection between financial and technological services, namely BigTech and Fintech credit and sustainable development in 85 nations. The findings show a strong and positive association between tech-enabled credit and sustainable development, although with a more substantial impact observed in developed economies than in developing ones. The study highlights how Fintech credit promotes financial inclusion, reduces the cost of transactions, and encourages investments in green technologies, thus promoting sustainable economic development. Fintech's role in enhancing access to financial services and supporting environmentally friendly investments is highlighted. These results underscore the need for forward-looking policymaking in stimulating Fintech uptake as a way of facilitating both environmental and economic sustainability. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by providing robust empirical evidence of Fintech contribution to sustainable development.

本研究探讨了85个国家的金融和技术服务，即BigTech和Fintech信贷与可持续发展之间的联系。研究结果表明，技术支持的信贷与可持续发展之间存在强烈的正相关关系，尽管发达经济体的影响比发展中经济体更大。该研究强调了金融科技信贷如何促进普惠金融，降低交易成本，鼓励绿色技术投资，从而促进经济可持续发展。会议强调了金融科技在提高金融服务可及性和支持环境友好型投资方面的作用。这些结果强调了前瞻性政策制定的必要性，以刺激金融科技的采用，作为促进环境和经济可持续性的一种方式。本研究为金融科技对可持续发展的贡献提供了强有力的经验证据，从而为知识体系做出了贡献。

引用次数: 0

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