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Exploring variability and quantization effects in artificial neural networks using the MNIST dataset 利用MNIST数据集探索人工神经网络的可变性和量化效应
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2025.109296
Alan Blumenstein , Eduardo Pérez , Christian Wenger , Nadine Dersch , Alexander Kloes , Benjamín Iñíguez , Mike Schwarz
This paper investigates the impact of introducing variability to trained neural networks and examines the effects of variability and quantization on network accuracy. The study utilizes the MNIST dataset to evaluate various Multi-Layer Perceptron configurations: a baseline model with a Single-Layer Perceptron and an extended model with multiple hidden nodes. The effects of Cycle-to-Cycle variability on network accuracy are explored by varying parameters such as the standard deviation to simulate dynamic changes in network weights. In particular, the performance differences between the Single-Layer Perceptron and the Multi-Layer Perceptron with hidden layers are analyzed, highlighting the network’s robustness to stochastic perturbations. These results provide insights into the effects of quantization and network architecture on accuracy under varying levels of variability.
本文研究了将可变性引入训练神经网络的影响,并考察了可变性和量化对网络精度的影响。该研究利用MNIST数据集来评估各种多层感知器配置:单层感知器的基线模型和具有多个隐藏节点的扩展模型。通过改变标准偏差等参数来模拟网络权值的动态变化,探讨了周期到周期的可变性对网络精度的影响。特别地,分析了单层感知器和隐藏层多层感知器的性能差异,突出了网络对随机扰动的鲁棒性。这些结果为量化和网络架构在不同可变性水平下对准确性的影响提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Progress towards integration of MTJ devices with cryo-CMOS readout circuitry for magnetic field sensing 磁场感应MTJ器件与低温cmos读出电路集成的进展
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2025.109312
Z.C. Adamson , Liam K. Mitchell , Benjamin J. Brown , William R. Patterson , Gang Xiao , A. Zaslavsky
This paper reports on progress in cryogenic magnetic field sensing using vortex magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) at T < 10 K. The MTJ magnetoresistive signal is amplified using a wire-bonded foundry-fabricated 180 nm-process cryo-CMOS sense amplifier, providing ∼ 100 mG single-shot detectivity. Functional MTJ sensor deposition results on a true CMOS surface with fill exclusion are also presented. The aim is to make a magnetic field camera for tracking flux vortex motion in superconducting films, leading to optimized VLSI superconducting electronic (SCE) circuitry.
本文报道了低温温度为10k的涡流磁隧道结(MTJs)低温磁场传感技术的研究进展。MTJ磁阻信号使用线键代工厂制造的180纳米工艺低温cmos感测放大器进行放大,提供约100 mG的单次探测。并给出了在真正的CMOS表面上具有填充排斥功能的MTJ传感器沉积结果。目的是制造一种磁场相机,用于跟踪超导薄膜中的磁涡流运动,从而优化超大规模集成电路超导电子(SCE)电路。
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引用次数: 0
Design, Synthesis, and Optoelectronic Characterization of a Novel Cu(II) Complex-Based Photodiode with Prof. Dr. Yakuphanoglu’s Advanced Fytronix Solar Simulator Characterization Techniques 基于Yakuphanoglu教授先进的Fytronix太阳模拟器表征技术的新型Cu(II)配合物光电二极管的设计、合成和光电表征
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2025.109311
Aysegul Dere , Digdem Erdener , Mesut Yalcin , Namık Özdemir , Osman Dayan , Shehab Mansour , Fahrettin Yakuphanoglu
In this study, a Cu(II) complex, [CuLCl2], containing pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide (L) and two chloro ligands was synthesized from the reaction of CuCl2·.2H2O with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide in methanol and characterized for optoelectronic applications. X-ray crystallography confirmed the monoclinic structure of the complex and the presence of a square pyramidal geometry around the Cu(II) ion. Further characterization was performed using FT-IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and electrochemical analysis. Additionally, the photonic device was fabricated by incorporating the Cu(II) complex as a layer on a p-type silicon substrate. The electrical and optical properties of the device were investigated at different illumination intensities. The current–voltage (I-V) characteristics indicate that the photodiode generates significant photocurrent under illumination. The device exhibited a stable and rapid photoresponse. The responsivity (R) and detectability (D*) values of the photodiode were measured as 2.9 mA/W and 1.95 × 1013 Jones, respectively, at an illumination intensity of 80 mW/cm2. Time-dependent photo-response and detection analyses demonstrated the stability of the diode under light on–off cycles.
本研究通过CuCl2·的反应合成了含有吡啶-2,6-二羧基酰胺(L)和两个氯配体的Cu(II)配合物[CuLCl2]。在甲醇中与吡啶-2,6-二甲酰胺进行2H2O反应,表征其光电应用。x射线晶体学证实了配合物的单斜结构和Cu(II)离子周围的方形金字塔几何形状的存在。进一步的表征使用FT-IR光谱,质谱和电化学分析。此外,光子器件是通过在p型硅衬底上掺入Cu(II)配合物作为层来制造的。研究了该器件在不同光照强度下的电学和光学特性。电流-电压(I-V)特性表明光电二极管在光照下产生显著的光电流。该器件具有稳定、快速的光响应。在80 mW/cm2的光照强度下,光电二极管的响应度R和可探测性D*分别为2.9 mA/W和1.95 × 1013 Jones。随时间变化的光响应和检测分析证明了二极管在光开关周期下的稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of a single interface trap position on the low-frequency noise of junctionless nanowire transistors 单界面陷阱位置对无结纳米线晶体管低频噪声的影响
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2025.109305
Everton M. Silva , Renan Trevisoli , Rodrigo T. Doria
This work investigates the impact of key operating parameters on the low-frequency noise (LFN) of experimental and simulated junctionless nanowire transistors. The primary goal was to vary the gate-to-source voltage (VGS) at a low drain-to-source voltage (VDS) to observe its direct effect on the current noise spectral density (Sid), as this provides crucial insights into the characteristics of predominant traps. The noise was measured by shifting the source and drain terminals, aiming to verify the influence of the dominant traps’ position on the noise. The Sid extractions were performed using a Keysight B1500 with an SR560 amplifier and an HP4395 spectrum analyzer. The analysis was supported by 3D numerical simulations of structures considering a single dominant trap center. The main results show a clear trend of increasing Sid with higher VGS, although this is affected in short-channel devices. Most importantly, the trap location was confirmed to be a critical factor, demonstrating distinct Sid trends when traps are closer to the source with respect to the drain, a behavior also impacted by short-channel effects (SCEs).
本文研究了实验和模拟无结纳米线晶体管的关键工作参数对低频噪声(LFN)的影响。主要目标是在低漏源电压(VDS)下改变栅源电压(VGS),以观察其对电流噪声谱密度(Sid)的直接影响,因为这为了解主要陷阱的特性提供了重要的信息。通过移动源极和漏极来测量噪声,旨在验证优势陷阱位置对噪声的影响。Sid提取使用Keysight B1500与SR560放大器和HP4395频谱分析仪进行。考虑单一优势圈闭中心的三维数值模拟支持了分析结果。主要结果表明,随着VGS的增加,Sid有明显的增加趋势,尽管这在短通道器件中受到影响。最重要的是,圈闭的位置被证实是一个关键因素,当圈闭相对于漏源更靠近源时,显示出明显的Sid趋势,这种行为也受到短通道效应(SCEs)的影响。
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引用次数: 0
300 Mm sSOI engineering with ultra thin buried oxide 300mm超薄埋氧化sSOI工程
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2025.109307
D. Barge , M. Gallard , J.-M. Hartmann , F. Fournel , V. Loup , F. Mazen , E. Nolot , P. Hauchecorne , J. Sturm , V.H. Le , I. Huyet , D. Delprat , F. Boedt , F. Servant
This paper presents the fabrication of 300 mm tensile-strained silicon-on-insulator (sSOI) wafers designed for next-generation fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS devices. The wafers feature a 25 nm thick buried oxide (BOX) and a 12 nm thick tensile-strained top silicon layer. The integration scheme involved growing a thin silicon layer on a relaxed SiGe thick graded buffer, followed by partial transfer to a base wafer using the Smart Cut™ process. The tensile stress in the top silicon layer was successfully modulated from 0.6 GPa to 1.8 GPa by adjusting the germanium content in the SiGe thick graded buffer underneath. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the high crystalline quality and uniform strain distribution across the wafers. The study demonstrates the potential for achieving different levels of strain to optimize the performance of nMOS devices.
本文介绍了用于下一代完全耗尽绝缘体上硅(FD-SOI) CMOS器件的300 mm拉伸应变绝缘体上硅(sSOI)晶圆的制造。晶圆具有25纳米厚的埋藏氧化物(BOX)和12纳米厚的拉伸应变顶层硅层。集成方案包括在松弛的SiGe厚梯度缓冲层上生长薄硅层,然后使用Smart Cut™工艺将部分转移到基片上。通过调节SiGe厚级缓冲剂中的锗含量,成功地将顶部硅层的拉伸应力从0.6 GPa调节到1.8 GPa。透射电子显微镜和拉曼光谱证实了晶圆的高晶体质量和均匀的应变分布。该研究证明了实现不同水平应变以优化nMOS器件性能的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Oxidation state modulation for p-Type stannous oxide with Two-Stage low temperature defect reduction annealing 两段低温缺陷还原退火对p型氧化亚锡氧化态的调制
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2025.109308
Zhibo Zeng , Kai-Jhih Gan , Wenjie Lei , Shiyu Zeng , Jialong Xiang , Bojun Zhang , Kuei-Shu Chang-Liao , Cheng-Chang Yu , Po-Chung Huang , Dun-Bao Ruan
This work employs a two-stage low temperature defect reduction annealing treatment for oxidation state modulation and defect reduction of stannous oxide (SnO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). With higher Sn2+ proportion and fewer defects, the device stability and carrier mobility of p-type SnO TFTs are improved. The SnO TFTs with two-stage low temperature defect reduction annealing exhibit an on/off ratio of 1.22 × 104, a field-effect mobility of 0.44 cm2/V·s, a 50.2 % reduction in IOFF, without subthreshold swing degradation. With the detailed material analysis, the internal physical mechanism of the defect reduction in of SnO is well discussed. The discoveries presented in this work are expected to provide technical methodologies for the high-performance TFTs.
本文采用两阶段低温缺陷还原退火处理方法对氧化态调制和缺陷还原氧化亚锡薄膜晶体管(TFTs)进行了研究。较高的Sn2+比例和较少的缺陷,提高了p型SnO tft的器件稳定性和载流子迁移率。经过两阶段低温缺陷还原退火的SnO tft的开/关比为1.22 × 104,场效应迁移率为0.44 cm2/V·s, IOFF降低50.2%,且无亚阈值摆动退化。通过详细的材料分析,探讨了SnO缺陷减少的内部物理机制。本研究的发现有望为高性能tft提供技术方法。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling of tunneling through Schottky barriers 通过肖特基屏障的隧道建模
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2025.109295
Bogdan Majkusiak
A computational model of probability of tunneling through Schottky barrier, based on the transfer matrix method, is presented and used for a quantitative study of tunneling probability and tunnel current at comparison to the over-barrier transitions for various parameters of Al-SiO2-Si(n) material system. It is proved that tunneling through Schottky barrier can significantly contribute to the total current even at moderate doping levels, especially if the insulator layer is very thin.
提出了基于传递矩阵法的肖特基势垒隧穿概率计算模型,并与Al-SiO2-Si(n)材料体系不同参数下的过势垒跃迁相比较,定量研究了隧道隧穿概率和隧道电流。证明了即使在中等掺杂水平下,特别是绝缘层很薄的情况下,通过肖特基势垒的隧穿也能显著地增加总电流。
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引用次数: 0
Temperature modeling and pulse shaping strategies for energy optimization in 2T-SOT-MRAM 2T-SOT-MRAM能量优化的温度建模和脉冲整形策略
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2025.109284
Tomáš Hadámek , Viktor Sverdlov
A fully 3D model coupling spin, charge, magnetization, and temperature dynamics has been employed to study the two-terminal spin–orbit-torque magnetoresistive random-access memory (2T-SOT-MRAM). To account for heating from tunneling electrons, we applied an asymmetric heating model near the tunnel barrier, revealing that symmetric model can underestimate free layer temperature increase by over 25%. We further employ the model to simulate switching of the 2T-SOT-MRAM under different voltage pulse shapes and show that the pulse-shaping strategies can not only reduce power consumption by more than 30%, but also significantly reduce peak temperature of the device during writing.
采用一个耦合自旋、电荷、磁化和温度动力学的全三维模型研究了双端自旋-轨道-转矩磁阻随机存取存储器(2T-SOT-MRAM)。为了解释隧道电子的加热,我们在隧道势垒附近应用了不对称加热模型,结果表明对称模型可以低估自由层温度升高25%以上。我们进一步利用该模型模拟了2T-SOT-MRAM在不同电压脉冲形状下的开关,结果表明,脉冲整形策略不仅可以降低30%以上的功耗,而且可以显著降低器件在写入过程中的峰值温度。
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引用次数: 0
Multilevel conductance modulation in HfO2, Al2O3, and HfO2/Al2O3 bilayer memristors HfO2, Al2O3和HfO2/Al2O3双层记忆电阻器的多电平电导调制
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2025.109294
H. García , G. Vinuesa , T.del Val , K. Kalam , M.B. González , F. Campabadal , S. Dueñas , H. Castán
Memristors have drawn interest due to their use as artificial synapses in neuromorphic circuits. This work investigates the multilevel conductance modulation in Al2O3 and HfO2-based memristors. Specifically, the control of the depression or reset transition when applying identical consecutive voltage pulses was the main objective. Both pulse amplitude and pulse accumulated time can control the reset transition. Voltage required to reset the device is higher for Al2O3, which can lead to higher energy consumption. However, this material showed better reset transition linearity.
记忆电阻器由于在神经形态回路中用作人工突触而引起了人们的兴趣。本文研究了Al2O3和hfo2基记忆电阻器的多电平电导调制。具体地说,当施加相同的连续电压脉冲时,抑制或复位过渡的控制是主要目标。脉冲振幅和脉冲累积时间都可以控制复位过渡。对于Al2O3,复位器件所需的电压较高,这会导致更高的能耗。然而,该材料表现出更好的复位转变线性。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of PN passivation on MOSFETs performance in 28 nm FD-SOI PN钝化对28 nm FD-SOI中mosfet性能的影响
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2025.109293
M. Vanbrabant , M. Rack , A. Cathelin , J.-P. Raskin , V. Kilchytska
This work investigates, for the first time, how the PN passivation introduced in the fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) substrate below the buried oxide (BOX) to improve substrate performance for RF applications in 28 nm FD-SOI technology affects active MOSFET parameters. DC performance and low-frequency noise (LFN) of MOSFETs are studied for different substrate resistivities and implant parameters. It is demonstrated that PN passivation impacts the device performance via modification of the back-gate realization.
这项工作首次研究了在埋设氧化物(BOX)下方的完全耗尽绝缘体上硅(FD-SOI)衬底中引入PN钝化以提高28nm FD-SOI技术射频应用中的衬底性能如何影响有源MOSFET参数。研究了不同衬底电阻率和植入物参数下mosfet的直流性能和低频噪声。通过修改后门实现,证明PN钝化对器件性能的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Solid-state Electronics
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