Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2026.123467
Ole Desens, Özge Yavuz, Fabian P. Hagen, Jörg Meyer, Achim Dittler
Understanding the influence of soot reactivity on layer break-up and particle structure detachment and transport during diesel particulate filter regeneration is essential for optimizing aftertreatment performance. Seven carbon blacks with differing reactivity were investigated as reactive particle model systems. The oxidation behavior was characterized by temperature-programmed oxidation, revealing a wide reactivity range, with the peak oxidation temperature spanning from 817 K for a propane-soot reference to 894–976 K for the carbon blacks. This paper examines the regeneration of a model filter channel in situ with high temporal and spatial resolution. The filter is loaded with 10 mg carbon black particles and then regenerated. The regeneration of the filter is analyzed by varying the particle system under constant regeneration conditions at a gas temperature of 823 K and a channel inlet gas velocity of 60 m/s. In addition, the layer height and temperature are varied for a selected carbon black, and a more reactive hydrocarbon mixture was added to the particle layer of the selected carbon black. In selected experiments high-speed imaging of the model filter channel enabled direct observation of layer break-up and particles detaching from the filters surface. Image-based analysis enables the quantification of the black surface area reduction and isolated particle structures. All carbon blacks showed a reaction of the carbonaceous particles, with little layer break-up and formation of isolated structures, as well as minimal detachment events (0–10 events per experiment). Introducing more reactive hydrocarbons to the particle layer markedly increased fragmentation and particle relocations to more than 500 events.
{"title":"Reactivity Influence on Carbonaceous Particle Layer Break-up and Relocation Events in O2-based Model Filter Regeneration","authors":"Ole Desens, Özge Yavuz, Fabian P. Hagen, Jörg Meyer, Achim Dittler","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2026.123467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2026.123467","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the influence of soot reactivity on layer break-up and particle structure detachment and transport during diesel particulate filter regeneration is essential for optimizing aftertreatment performance. Seven carbon blacks with differing reactivity were investigated as reactive particle model systems. The oxidation behavior was characterized by temperature-programmed oxidation, revealing a wide reactivity range, with the peak oxidation temperature spanning from 817 K for a propane-soot reference to 894–976 K for the carbon blacks. This paper examines the regeneration of a model filter channel in situ with high temporal and spatial resolution. The filter is loaded with 10 mg carbon black particles and then regenerated. The regeneration of the filter is analyzed by varying the particle system under constant regeneration conditions at a gas temperature of 823 K and a channel inlet gas velocity of 60 m/s. In addition, the layer height and temperature are varied for a selected carbon black, and a more reactive hydrocarbon mixture was added to the particle layer of the selected carbon black. In selected experiments high-speed imaging of the model filter channel enabled direct observation of layer break-up and particles detaching from the filters surface. Image-based analysis enables the quantification of the black surface area reduction and isolated particle structures. All carbon blacks showed a reaction of the carbonaceous particles, with little layer break-up and formation of isolated structures, as well as minimal detachment events (0–10 events per experiment). Introducing more reactive hydrocarbons to the particle layer markedly increased fragmentation and particle relocations to more than 500 events.","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"389 1","pages":"123467"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2026.123423
Andi Li , Niels G. Deen , Albertus W. Vreman , Yali Tang
The hydrodynamic behavior of bubbly flows in alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) has received much attention since the behavior of bubbles influences the operating efficiency of electrolyzers. In this paper, we used the Euler-Lagrange approach to simulate the H2 bubbly flow in an AWE cell and conducted a comparative analysis for turbulence models of RANS and LES. Our study shows that the distribution of bubbles appears more dispersed and spiral-structured in LES, due to the resolved turbulent eddies in the liquid phase. However without resolving the turbulence in RANS models, it is crucial to address the turbulent effect on bubble dynamics via effective modeling a so-called turbulent dispersion force for accurate prediction of the bubbly flow behavior. Furthermore, we show that when using RANS model with the turbulence dispersion model, both Euler-Lagrangian and Euler-Euler simulations give almost identical prediction of the mean flow behavior for homogeneous bubble size systems. Finally our simulations are validated with experimental results reported by Riegel et al. (1998), which also inspires directions for further model improvement. Overall, such an experimentally-validated E-L model is expected to contribute in understanding the mechanism of bubbly flows and guiding real-life optimization of AWE.
由于气泡的行为影响电解槽的运行效率，因此气泡在碱性电解过程中的流体动力学行为受到了广泛的关注。本文采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法模拟了AWE电池中的H2气泡流动，并对RANS和LES湍流模型进行了对比分析。我们的研究表明，由于液相湍流漩涡的溶解，气泡在LES中的分布更加分散和螺旋结构。然而，在没有解决RANS模型中的湍流的情况下，通过有效地模拟所谓的湍流色散力来解决湍流对气泡动力学的影响是至关重要的，以便准确预测气泡的流动行为。此外，我们表明，当使用RANS模型与湍流色散模型时，欧拉-拉格朗日和欧拉-欧拉模拟对均匀气泡大小系统的平均流动行为给出了几乎相同的预测。最后，我们的模拟与Riegel et al.（1998）报告的实验结果进行了验证，这也为进一步改进模型提供了方向。总的来说，这种实验验证的E-L模型有望有助于理解气泡流动的机制，并指导实际的AWE优化。
{"title":"Euler-Lagrangian modeling of H2 bubbly flows in an alkaline water electrolysis cell","authors":"Andi Li , Niels G. Deen , Albertus W. Vreman , Yali Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2026.123423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ces.2026.123423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrodynamic behavior of bubbly flows in alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) has received much attention since the behavior of bubbles influences the operating efficiency of electrolyzers. In this paper, we used the Euler-Lagrange approach to simulate the H<sub>2</sub> bubbly flow in an AWE cell and conducted a comparative analysis for turbulence models of RANS and LES. Our study shows that the distribution of bubbles appears more dispersed and spiral-structured in LES, due to the resolved turbulent eddies in the liquid phase. However without resolving the turbulence in RANS models, it is crucial to address the turbulent effect on bubble dynamics via effective modeling a so-called turbulent dispersion force for accurate prediction of the bubbly flow behavior. Furthermore, we show that when using RANS model with the turbulence dispersion model, both Euler-Lagrangian and Euler-Euler simulations give almost identical prediction of the mean flow behavior for homogeneous bubble size systems. Finally our simulations are validated with experimental results reported by Riegel et al. (1998), which also inspires directions for further model improvement. Overall, such an experimentally-validated E-L model is expected to contribute in understanding the mechanism of bubbly flows and guiding real-life optimization of AWE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 123423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2026.123403
A.V. Kameke, R. Uphoff, E. Steuwe, J.H. Nissen, M. Hoffmann, M. Schl, F. Kexel
The present study utilizes highly resolved Lagrange particle tracking measurements to analyze the time-dependent three-dimensional fluid dynamics in the wake of air bubbles rising in quiescent bidistilled water. Two bubble sizes are studied with regard to the velocity fields and the temporal evolution of the generated vorticity in their wakes. The range of bubble sizes is of particular interest, as it corresponds to other recent studies. The bubbles are reconstructed in three dimensions to determine the bubble rise trajectory and the bubble shape. The analysis of the aforementioned measurements, particularly the calculation of the Q-criterion, supports the prior numerical findings of a wake mode exhibiting secondary vortex loops. Additionally, the energy spectra of the velocity fields and their temporal evolution are analyzed, providing a unique experimental dataset for the validation of numerical simulations and the further study of bubbly flows.
{"title":"Experimental analysis of time resolved three-dimensional velocity and vorticity fields behind single rising bubbles using Lagrangian particle tracking velocimetry","authors":"A.V. Kameke, R. Uphoff, E. Steuwe, J.H. Nissen, M. Hoffmann, M. Schl, F. Kexel","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2026.123403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2026.123403","url":null,"abstract":"The present study utilizes highly resolved Lagrange particle tracking measurements to analyze the time-dependent three-dimensional fluid dynamics in the wake of air bubbles rising in quiescent bidistilled water. Two bubble sizes are studied with regard to the velocity fields and the temporal evolution of the generated vorticity in their wakes. The range of bubble sizes is of particular interest, as it corresponds to other recent studies. The bubbles are reconstructed in three dimensions to determine the bubble rise trajectory and the bubble shape. The analysis of the aforementioned measurements, particularly the calculation of the Q-criterion, supports the prior numerical findings of a wake mode exhibiting secondary vortex loops. Additionally, the energy spectra of the velocity fields and their temporal evolution are analyzed, providing a unique experimental dataset for the validation of numerical simulations and the further study of bubbly flows.","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"123403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2026.123472
Chuqing Jiang, Hellen Silva Santos, Labeed Ahmad, Juho Yliniemi, Christopher Cheeseman, Paivo Kinnunen
Blended cements incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) offer a viable strategy for reducing the carbon footprint of Portland cement. As traditional SCMs (e.g., blast furnace slags, coal fly ash) become increasingly scarce, the development of alternative materials is crucial. This study evaluates synthetic Fe-bearing Mg silicate glasses as potential low-carbon SCMs, free from direct CO2 emissions associated with raw material processing. Three types of synthetic glasses (Mg-Si, Fe3+-Mg-Si, and Fe2+/Fe3+-Mg-Si glasses) were assessed for their pozzolanic activity and used to replace 20 wt% of Portland cement. Mortar samples incorporating these glasses demonstrated a strength activity index increase of up to 120 % compared to the control. Microstructural analysis revealed enhanced formation of C-(A-)S-H and Fe-bearing Mg-containing phases, including Mg-Al(Fe) layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The incorporation of Fe was observed to promote Al mobilization, facilitating early sulfate reactions and potentially influencing cement hydration kinetics. This work shows how non-conventional glass-based SCMs can be engineered to enhance blended cement performance while lowering carbon emissions.
{"title":"Properties of Fe-bearing Mg silicate glasses as novel supplementary cementitious materials","authors":"Chuqing Jiang, Hellen Silva Santos, Labeed Ahmad, Juho Yliniemi, Christopher Cheeseman, Paivo Kinnunen","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2026.123472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2026.123472","url":null,"abstract":"Blended cements incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) offer a viable strategy for reducing the carbon footprint of Portland cement. As traditional SCMs (e.g., blast furnace slags, coal fly ash) become increasingly scarce, the development of alternative materials is crucial. This study evaluates synthetic Fe-bearing Mg silicate glasses as potential low-carbon SCMs, free from direct CO<sub>2</sub> emissions associated with raw material processing. Three types of synthetic glasses (Mg-Si, Fe<sup>3+</sup>-Mg-Si, and Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup>-Mg-Si glasses) were assessed for their pozzolanic activity and used to replace 20 wt% of Portland cement. Mortar samples incorporating these glasses demonstrated a strength activity index increase of up to 120 % compared to the control. Microstructural analysis revealed enhanced formation of C-(A-)S-H and Fe-bearing Mg-containing phases, including Mg-Al(Fe) layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The incorporation of Fe was observed to promote Al mobilization, facilitating early sulfate reactions and potentially influencing cement hydration kinetics. This work shows how non-conventional glass-based SCMs can be engineered to enhance blended cement performance while lowering carbon emissions.","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"123472"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2026.123478
Kui Wu , Chaohui Che , Xiaofang Li , Yujiang Ke
Errors were identified in the temperature data, model fitting deviations, and polynomial empirical equation parameters in the research on the solubility of methyl furan-2,5-dimethylenedicarbamate (FDC) and methyl tetrahydrofuran-2,5- dimethylenedicarbamate (THFDC) in different solvents, as reported by Tang and collaborators [Chemical Engineering Science 300 (2024) 120544]. The temperature data in Table 2 of the original paper is incorrect, leading to inconsistencies between the calculated solubility values and the reported relative deviations. Additionally, the model fitting deviations in Tables 2–4 do not match the actual calculated values, and the polynomial empirical equation parameters have large fitting errors with no practical value. We detailed these errors, re-fitted the relevant data, and analyzed the potential causes of these problems.
{"title":"Comment on “The determination of the solubility, enthalpy, and entropy of solutions of methyl furan-2,5-dimethylenedicarbamate and its hydrides in different solvents”","authors":"Kui Wu , Chaohui Che , Xiaofang Li , Yujiang Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2026.123478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ces.2026.123478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Errors were identified in the temperature data, model fitting deviations, and polynomial empirical equation parameters in the research on the solubility of methyl furan-2,5-dimethylenedicarbamate (FDC) and methyl tetrahydrofuran-2,5- dimethylenedicarbamate (THFDC) in different solvents, as reported by Tang and collaborators [Chemical Engineering Science 300 (2024) 120544]. The temperature data in Table 2 of the original paper is incorrect, leading to inconsistencies between the calculated solubility values and the reported relative deviations. Additionally, the model fitting deviations in Tables 2–4 do not match the actual calculated values, and the polynomial empirical equation parameters have large fitting errors with no practical value. We detailed these errors, re-fitted the relevant data, and analyzed the potential causes of these problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 123478"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2026.123465
Wang Bo, Lin Jianzhong
{"title":"Study on the dynamics and heat transfer characteristics of spherocylindrical particles in fluidized beds","authors":"Wang Bo, Lin Jianzhong","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2026.123465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2026.123465","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2026.123400
Gourav Arora, Saddam Hussain, Gavin Walker, Carlo Cattani, Stefan Heinrich, Mehakpreet Singh
{"title":"An accurate approach and its convergence analysis for the multidimensional nonlinear collisional breakage equations","authors":"Gourav Arora, Saddam Hussain, Gavin Walker, Carlo Cattani, Stefan Heinrich, Mehakpreet Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2026.123400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2026.123400","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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