Energy Research & Social Science最新文献_第8页

A moment of rupture and regime destablisation: The contested energy landscape of the Fosen peninsula, Norway 决裂和政权动荡的时刻：挪威福森半岛有争议的能源格局

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104524

Kerstin Potthoff , Matthew Cashmore

In October 2021 the Norwegian Supreme Court ruled that two wind farms built on the Fosen peninsula, mid-Norway, interfered with the Sámi reindeer herders right to enjoy their own culture and hence the decisions to grant planning concessions were invalid. We interpret this ruling as a moment of rupture, with potential to destabilise the sociotechnical regime. In this article, we seek to explain this moment of rupture and the prevailing, of sorts, of the Sámi reindeer herders over the powerful apparatus of the Norwegian state. We employ a conceptual framework that draws together the concept of energy landscapes, multiple ways of knowing landscapes and theory on institutional legitimacy. Our analysis shows how state actors mobilised a construction of the energy landscape as a predominantly scenic and material phenomenon, that was mappable, visually observable and categorizable, and in accordance with institutionalised planning practices. The occlusion of the Sámi people's relational understanding of the landscape progressively became illegitimate under the spectra of international law during proceeding in the law courts, and the legitimacy of the decisions to grant concessions were progressively brought into question, eroded and finally lost. While it is not possible to provide a definitive understanding about why and on what basis decisions were made, the increasing attention given to Sámi landscape practices demands a reconsideration of whose landscape knowledge is considered and how in energy planning.

2021年10月，挪威最高法院裁定，在挪威中部福森半岛建造的两个风力发电场干扰了Sámi驯鹿牧民享受自己文化的权利，因此授予规划特许权的决定无效。我们将这一裁决解释为一个破裂的时刻，有可能破坏社会技术制度的稳定。在这篇文章中，我们试图解释这一破裂的时刻，以及Sámi驯鹿牧民凌驾于挪威国家强大机器之上的各种普遍现象。我们采用了一个概念性框架，将能源景观的概念、认识景观的多种方式和制度合法性理论结合在一起。我们的分析显示了国家行为体如何将能源景观建设作为一种主要的景观和物质现象，这种现象是可映射的，视觉上可观察的，可分类的，并与制度化的规划实践相一致。在法院的诉讼过程中，Sámi人民对景观的关系理解的封锁在国际法的框架下逐渐变得非法，给予让步的决定的合法性逐渐受到质疑，受到侵蚀，最终失去。虽然不可能提供关于为什么和在什么基础上做出决定的明确理解，但对Sámi景观实践的日益关注要求重新考虑谁的景观知识以及如何在能源规划中考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Rethinking socio-cultural resistance: Systemic factors behind successful and failed transitions to toilet-linked anaerobic digesters in Nepal and India 重新思考社会文化阻力：尼泊尔和印度厕所连接厌氧消化器成功和失败转型背后的系统因素

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104496

Natalie Boyd Williams , Ben Campbell , Debadayita Raha , Debendra Chandra Baruah , Marc Kalina , Elizabeth Tilley , Jennifer Dickie

Toilet-linked anaerobic digesters (TLADs) are promoted as technologies that can simultaneously address household energy, sanitation, and agricultural needs, yet diffusion remains uneven, and project failures are frequently attributed to “socio-cultural resistance.” This paper challenges that narrative by examining why Nepal's domestic biogas programme achieved greater success in implementing TLADs than India's, despite broadly similar policies and rural socio-economic conditions. Using a sustainability transitions framework, we conduct a comparative case study of successful adoption in Nepal's Gandaki Province with non-adoption in Assam, India. The study draws on 57 household interviews, 15 expert-stakeholder interviews, and policy and programme documents. Findings indicate that while socio-cultural norms influence TLAD diffusion, they are not stand-alone determinants of household transitions. Instead, these norms interact with programme design, governance structures, institutional commitment, and wider policy environments, and are conditioned by local socio-technical contexts. These interactions shape how socio-cultural norms manifest in relation to technology adoption at the household level. We argue that failed transitions are too often attributed disproportionately to socio-cultural resistance—a framing that unfairly shifts responsibility onto households while obscuring systemic shortcomings such as inadequate targeting, weak institutional support, and misalignment between technologies and local contexts. A more balanced framing should acknowledge socio-cultural norms while situating them within broader socio-technical and policy environments. Such reframing could shift research and practice away from narratives of household blame and towards critical assessments of contextual fit, programme capacity, and policy coherence, supporting more equitable and context-appropriate transitions in sanitation and household energy systems such as TLADs.

与厕所相连的厌氧消化器（TLADs）作为一种可以同时满足家庭能源、卫生和农业需求的技术而得到推广，但传播仍然不均衡，项目失败通常归因于“社会文化阻力”。本文通过研究为什么尼泊尔的国内沼气项目在实施tlad方面取得了比印度更大的成功来挑战这种说法，尽管政策和农村社会经济条件大致相似。利用可持续性过渡框架，我们对尼泊尔甘达基省的成功收养与印度阿萨姆邦的未收养进行了比较案例研究。该研究利用了57个家庭访谈、15个专家-利益相关者访谈以及政策和规划文件。研究结果表明，虽然社会文化规范会影响tld的扩散，但它们并不是家庭转型的独立决定因素。相反，这些规范与方案设计、治理结构、机构承诺和更广泛的政策环境相互作用，并受到当地社会技术背景的制约。这些相互作用决定了社会文化规范如何在家庭层面上与技术采用有关。我们认为，转型失败往往不成比例地归咎于社会文化阻力——这种框架不公平地将责任转移到家庭身上，同时掩盖了系统性缺陷，如目标不明确、制度支持薄弱、技术与当地环境不协调等。更平衡的框架应承认社会文化规范，同时将其置于更广泛的社会技术和政策环境中。这种重构可以使研究和实践从叙述家庭责任转向对环境适应性、规划能力和政策一致性的批判性评估，从而支持卫生设施和家庭能源系统（如TLADs）更加公平和适合具体情况的转型。

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引用次数: 0

The symbolic violence of debt discourse: Protesting electricity bills in Kroboland, Ghana 债务话语的象征性暴力：在加纳的Kroboland抗议电费账单

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2026.104534

Veronica Jacome , Pius Siakwah , Eric Tamatey Lawer , Isha Ray

This paper analyzes the contested accounts of protesting and indebted electricity users in Kroboland, Ghana (2014–2022), during periods of heightened utility debt burdens. Utility debts have many causes beyond consumer nonpayment, but these debts have become normalized as economic-legal necessities, leaving the policy-oriented literature focused on residential bills as the main source for cost-recovery. Bill protests are then presented as consumer unwillingness to pay or entitlement to services; this discourse is often supported by elite media and academic literature. Through examining Krobo's electricity bill protests, we find that protests are driven by inconsistent billing practices, aggressive disconnection tactics, the transition to prepaid meters, and historical grievances. We argue that the policy-discourse of debt, whereby the Big Debts of utilities are kept in the shadow of the small debts of ordinary consumers, and the media-discourse of protests, whereby legitimate grievances are interpreted as cultures of nonpayment, can be understood as instances of Bourdieu's symbolic violence. Our research shows that such discourse suppression has led to a way of seeing both debt and protests in an anti-poor manner. We conclude that simple accounts of complex contestations are unlikely to produce politically acceptable or economically viable energy policies.

本文分析了在公用事业债务负担加重期间，加纳Kroboland（2014-2022）抗议和负债电力用户的争议账户。除了消费者不付款之外，公用事业债务还有许多原因，但这些债务已经成为经济法律必需品，使政策导向的文献将重点放在住宅账单上，作为成本回收的主要来源。然后，账单抗议被描述为消费者不愿支付或不愿获得服务；这种说法往往得到精英媒体和学术文献的支持。通过研究Krobo的电费抗议活动，我们发现抗议活动是由不一致的计费做法、激进的断网策略、向预付费电表的过渡以及历史上的不满所驱动的。我们认为，债务的政策话语，即公用事业的巨额债务被置于普通消费者小额债务的阴影之下，以及抗议的媒体话语，即合法的不满被解释为拒付文化，可以被理解为布迪厄象征性暴力的实例。我们的研究表明，这种话语压制导致了一种以反穷人的方式看待债务和抗议的方式。我们的结论是，对复杂争论的简单解释不太可能产生政治上可接受或经济上可行的能源政策。

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引用次数: 0

Energy transition in the global south: Donor bargains and the future of the aid machine 全球南方的能源转型：捐助讨价还价和援助机器的未来

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104525

Monica Maduekwe

Africa remains the final frontier for universal energy access, with most of the 750 million people lacking access to electricity residing on the continent. While there is little resistance to the idea that development assistance is pivotal to Africa's energy transition, the forty-year precedent of aid for development in Africa raises the question of why aid for the energy transition should perform any better. This paper argues that the problem lies not in aid itself but in the bargaining process that accompanies it, which undermines learning-by-doing and weakens institutional capacity. Using an empirically tested Donor-Bargain Model, the study examines how financial stress conditions donor-government bargaining outcomes. The analysis shows that these bargaining dynamics reinforce dependence by constraining institutions' ability to sustain implementation without external support. Accounting for this dependence reveals how donor scaffolding inflates reported institutional capacity. The paper extends elite theory by conceptualising donor-elites, actors who wield ideological, political, and economic power to downplay the long-term economic costs of building internal capability. This process reinforces weak institutional quality and limits Africa's ability to drive its own energy transition. These findings suggest that aid reform efforts should focus less on resource volumes and more on reshaping bargaining dynamics to strengthen institutional learning. Finally, the model also serves as a diagnostic tool for assessing whether donor-government bargaining outcomes are compatible with long-term institutional capacity development. Conceptually, the paper draws on institutional economics, development studies, sociology, and political science.

非洲仍然是实现普遍获得能源的最后疆域，7.5亿人无法用上电，其中大多数人居住在非洲大陆。虽然对发展援助是非洲能源转型的关键这一观点几乎没有什么阻力，但非洲40年的发展援助先例提出了一个问题：为什么对能源转型的援助应该表现得更好？本文认为，问题不在于援助本身，而在于援助带来的讨价还价过程，这破坏了“边做边学”，削弱了机构能力。该研究使用了一个经过实证检验的捐助者-讨价还价模型，考察了财政压力如何影响捐助者-政府讨价还价的结果。分析表明，这些议价动态通过限制机构在没有外部支持的情况下维持实施的能力来加强依赖性。对这种依赖性的解释揭示了捐助脚手架如何夸大了报告的机构能力。本文扩展了精英理论，将捐赠者精英概念化，即运用意识形态、政治和经济权力的行为者，以淡化建立内部能力的长期经济成本。这一过程强化了薄弱的制度质量，限制了非洲推动自身能源转型的能力。这些研究结果表明，援助改革应减少对资源数量的关注，更多地关注重塑谈判动态以加强制度学习。最后，该模型还可作为一种诊断工具，用于评估捐赠方与政府的谈判结果是否与长期机构能力发展相适应。从概念上讲，本文借鉴了制度经济学、发展研究、社会学和政治学。

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引用次数: 0

The flexibility divide—How socioeconomic conditions shape grid-based flexibility in Germany 灵活性的鸿沟——社会经济条件如何影响德国电网的灵活性

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104482

Elisabeth Wendlinger , Michael Hinterstocker , Aaron Praktiknjo

Low-voltage grids are confronting significant challenges due transformations instigated by energy transition initiatives. In this context, the utilization of flexible consumption units is widely discussed as a potential measure to mitigate congestions in low-voltage grids and to delay or even prevent grid expansion. A key question is to what extent flexibility can be leveraged for grid-supportive purposes. This study investigates 18 present representative low-voltage grids to determine their flexibility potential. The focus is on controllable consumption units such as charging points and heat pumps. To assess the realistically available flexibility potential, we identify and analyze socioeconomic parameters influencing flexibility. A nationwide clustering approach identifies five socioeconomic groups based on income levels, age distribution, and education status. We use these parameters to map grid regions to specific population groups and to quantify their influence on flexibility potential. In addition, technical flexibility potential is evaluated by introducing a simultaneity factor that accounts for short-term conditions. This method extends the reference grid definition by integrating flexibility potential based on socioeconomic and structural factors. The results reveal significant variations in flexibility potential, depending on socioeconomic group classifications and the structural characteristics of representative grids.

由于能源转型倡议的推动，低压电网正面临重大挑战。在这种情况下，灵活用电单元的利用被广泛讨论，作为缓解低压电网拥堵和延迟甚至阻止电网扩张的潜在措施。一个关键问题是，在多大程度上，灵活性可以用于支持电网的目的。本研究调查了18个目前具有代表性的低压电网，以确定其灵活性潜力。重点是充电点和热泵等可控消费单元。为了评估实际可用的灵活性潜力，我们确定并分析了影响灵活性的社会经济参数。全国范围内的聚类方法根据收入水平、年龄分布和教育状况确定了五个社会经济群体。我们使用这些参数将网格区域映射到特定的人口群体，并量化它们对灵活性潜力的影响。此外，通过引入考虑短期条件的同时性因素来评价技术灵活性潜力。该方法通过整合基于社会经济因素和结构因素的灵活性潜力，扩展了参考网格的定义。结果表明，根据社会经济群体分类和代表性网格的结构特征，灵活性潜力存在显著差异。

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引用次数: 0

Critical minerals and the shaping of Central Asian economies through the ages 重要的矿物和中亚经济的形成

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104507

Prajakti Kalra , Boram Shin , Siddharth S. Saxena

Global powers have increasingly become aware of Central Asia's resource wealth, having come to recognise the economic and geopolitical importance of securing access to critical minerals. The region's geological and strategic importance is amplified as the global economy transitions into the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This paper sets out to engage the literature on critical minerals which has only recently included Central Asia. The key questions here are “critical for what” and “critical for whom.” The very notion of criticality of minerals is anything but universally applicable and/or frozen across time. Disruptive technologies and the pace of scientific advancement challenge any static and fixed categorisation of critical minerals. Within this context the case of Central Asia is unique. Although Central Asia is a latecomer to the global CRM story, this is not the first time the region has been at the centre of mineral resource driven scientific and technological revolutions. This paper presents evidence from three key historical periods (the Bronze Age, the period of the Mongol Empire and the Soviet era) to showcase the breadth of engagement Central Asian communities have had with critical minerals as suppliers and drivers of technological change. Taken together these represent repositories of actions that can inform national natural resource management strategies and steer state actors in the region away from being reduced to raw materials suppliers. This regional context is brought into focus precisely because of the looming spectre of China in the neighbourhood. Finally, the paper engages with the latest scientific technologies to highlight Central Asia's unique position and potential as supplier and innovator simultaneously.

全球大国越来越意识到中亚的资源财富，它们开始认识到确保获得关键矿产的经济和地缘政治重要性。随着全球经济进入第四次工业革命，该地区的地理和战略重要性被放大。本文着手研究最近才包括中亚在内的有关关键矿物的文献。这里的关键问题是“对什么至关重要”和“对谁至关重要”。矿物临界性的概念绝不是普遍适用的，也不可能随着时间的推移而冻结。颠覆性技术和科学进步的步伐挑战了任何静态和固定的关键矿物分类。在这方面，中亚的情况是独特的。虽然中亚是全球CRM故事的后来者，但这并不是该地区第一次成为矿产资源驱动的科技革命的中心。本文展示了三个关键历史时期（青铜器时代、蒙古帝国时期和苏联时代）的证据，以展示中亚社区作为关键矿物的供应商和技术变革的驱动力所参与的广度。综合起来，这些行动可以为国家自然资源管理战略提供信息，并引导该地区的国家行为体避免沦为原材料供应商。这一地区背景之所以成为人们关注的焦点，正是因为中国在周边地区的幽灵若隐若现。最后，本文结合最新的科学技术，强调中亚作为供应商和创新者的独特地位和潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating energy justice and earth observation to examine the social dimensions of hydroelectric dams 整合能源正义与地球观测，检视水电大坝的社会层面

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104521

Garima Gupta , Shubham Pawar , Chris Littleboy , Nils Bunnefeld , Jennifer Dickie , Isabel L. Jones

Hydropower is increasingly promoted as a cornerstone of global low-carbon energy transitions, yet the long-term social consequences of large dams remain inadequately understood. Existing assessments often focus on short-term displacement and overlook evolving socio-spatial harms that persist well beyond construction. This study addresses this gap by applying an interdisciplinary energy justice framework to the Tehri Dam in the Indian Himalaya nearly two decades after its commissioning. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and Earth Observation analysis, we examine how affected communities experience distributional, procedural, recognition, capabilities, and restorative injustices across space and time. The findings reveal that injustices extend far beyond physical relocation. Communities continue to face sustained livelihood loss, reduced access to health and education services, long-term isolation caused by disrupted connectivity, and heightened environmental risks such as land subsidence. These indirect and cumulative harms remain largely invisible in conventional impact assessments. By integrating spatial evidence with lived experiences, the study demonstrates how Earth Observation can uncover hidden and emerging inequalities associated with large-scale energy infrastructure. This research advances energy justice scholarship by foregrounding the spatial and temporal dimensions of hydropower impacts and by illustrating the value of mixed-methods approaches for sustainability research. The findings underscore the need for policy frameworks that recognize both material and non-material losses and support more equitable, community-centred energy transitions in vulnerable regions.

水电日益被推崇为全球低碳能源转型的基石，但大型水坝的长期社会后果仍未得到充分认识。现有的评估往往侧重于短期流离失所，而忽视了不断演变的社会空间危害，这些危害远远超出了建设的范围。本研究通过将跨学科的能源司法框架应用于印度喜马拉雅山脉的特赫里大坝，解决了这一差距，该大坝已投入使用近20年。利用半结构化访谈和地球观测分析，我们研究了受影响的社区如何在时空上经历分配、程序、识别、能力和恢复性的不公正。调查结果显示，不公平现象远远超出了实际搬迁。社区继续面临着持续的生计损失、获得卫生和教育服务的机会减少、因连通性中断而造成的长期孤立，以及地面沉降等环境风险加剧。这些间接和累积的危害在传统的影响评估中基本上是看不见的。通过将空间证据与生活经验相结合，该研究展示了地球观测如何揭示与大规模能源基础设施相关的隐藏和新出现的不平等。本研究通过突出水电影响的空间和时间维度，并通过说明混合方法在可持续性研究中的价值，推进了能源正义研究。研究结果强调，需要制定政策框架，承认物质和非物质损失，并支持脆弱地区更公平、以社区为中心的能源转型。

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引用次数: 0

Are we ready to plan for synergies? System Integration Impact Assessment in the Austrian energy system modelling community 我们准备好规划协同效应了吗？奥地利能源系统建模社区的系统集成影响评估

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104505

Fabian Schipfer , Michael Harasek , Shubham Tiwari , Florian Kraxner , Johannes Schmidt , Sebastian Wehrle , Neda Asasian Kolur , Daniela Thrän , Danial Esmaeili Aliabadi , Hanna Breunig

Integrated solutions across processes, sectors, and systems can deliver value that exceeds the sum of their parts. Sector coupling, for example, is increasingly recognized as a key enabler for balancing intermittent renewable electricity, while creating new interdependencies and systemic risks. Yet, the capacity of energy system models to anticipate such synergies and trade-offs remains uneven. This article presents a structured review of Austria's energy system modelling landscape, mapping over 800 publications from 54 research groups. We classify modelling capacities across technical, temporal, and spatial integration dimensions and identify significant gaps in areas such as bioenergy, circularity, and extreme event modelling, alongside promising advances in heating networks, electricity sector coupling, and energy communities. The growing attention to operational flexibility in long-term models offers a window of opportunity to better anticipate shocks, structural breaks, and resilience considerations. The openly shared integration fitness tables derived from this review aim to foster collaboration and capacity-building across modelling silos. We argue that advancing System Integration Impact Assessment requires uncertainty-aware modelling frameworks capable of capturing synergies, trade-offs, and systemic risks. Embracing uncertainty rather than reducing it can help design transformation pathways that are not only sustainable but also robust and flexible. Ultimately, this shift could bring together environmental and economic efficiency, safety, and security into a shared paradigm, elevating sustainable development toward reliable development.

跨过程、部门和系统的集成解决方案可以提供超过其部分总和的价值。例如，行业耦合越来越被认为是平衡间歇性可再生电力的关键推动因素，同时也会产生新的相互依赖关系和系统性风险。然而，能源系统模型预测这种协同效应和权衡的能力仍然不均衡。本文介绍了奥地利能源系统建模景观的结构化审查，绘制了来自54个研究小组的800多份出版物。我们根据技术、时间和空间整合维度对建模能力进行了分类，并确定了生物能源、循环性和极端事件建模等领域的重大差距，以及供热网络、电力部门耦合和能源社区方面的有希望的进展。对长期模型中操作灵活性的日益关注，为更好地预测冲击、结构性断裂和弹性因素提供了机会。公开共享的整合适应度表源自此审查，旨在促进跨建模竖井的协作和能力建设。我们认为，推进系统集成影响评估需要能够捕捉协同效应、权衡和系统风险的不确定性感知建模框架。拥抱不确定性，而不是减少不确定性，可以帮助设计转型路径，不仅可持续，而且稳健和灵活。最终，这一转变可以将环境和经济效率、安全和保障整合到一个共同的范式中，将可持续发展提升到可靠的发展。

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引用次数: 0

People, priorities, and path dependencies: Governance lessons for demand-side flexibility in Great Britain's decarbonising electricity system 人、优先事项和路径依赖：英国脱碳电力系统中需求侧灵活性的治理经验

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104520

Richard Hoggett, Jess Britton

As electricity systems accelerate towards net zero, demand-side flexibility (DSF) is increasingly critical for ensuring operability, affordability, and equity. This paper analyses how DSF from smaller-scale consumers can be unlocked amid rapid system change, drawing insights from Great Britain (GB), a leader in flexibility market development now undertaking a mission-led transition to a clean power system by 2030.

This perspective goes beyond existing studies to integrate governance analysis with technical, institutional, and social barriers to consumer DSF. GB's strategy for decarbonising power and enabling flexibility is ambitious, but the dispersed nature of DSF across policies, institutions and actors means fundamental challenges remain. Our analysis reveals how strategic planning, large-scale infrastructure prioritisation, and evolving governance arrangements risk marginalising smaller-scale, consumer-led flexibility at a critical juncture. We identify four emerging governance challenges: 1) ensuring DSF receives equal policy priority alongside large-scale infrastructure investments; 2) managing emerging path dependencies associated with technologies, networks, and strategic energy planning; 3) building a fair system around the needs of people; and, 4) improving coordination across a fragmented governance landscape.

These governance insights offer learning for other parts of the world seeking to accelerate consumer flexibility. Recent GB policy is seeking to address numerous challenges, but governance needs to move beyond incrementalism to adopt coordinated policy approaches that address centralised energy system thinking, ensure equity, and embed DSF into integrated whole-system planning. Failure to address these challenges risks marginalising DSF, and consumers participation, out of the energy system.

随着电力系统加速实现净零排放，需求侧灵活性（DSF）对于确保可操作性、可负担性和公平性越来越重要。本文分析了如何在快速的系统变化中释放来自小规模消费者的DSF，并借鉴了英国（GB）的见解，英国是灵活性市场发展的领导者，目前正在以使命为主导，到2030年向清洁电力系统过渡。这一观点超越了现有的研究，将治理分析与消费者DSF的技术、制度和社会障碍结合起来。英国的脱碳电力和实现灵活性战略雄心勃勃，但DSF在政策、机构和行动者之间的分散性意味着根本挑战仍然存在。我们的分析揭示了战略规划、大规模基础设施优先级和不断发展的治理安排如何在关键时刻使小规模、消费者主导的灵活性被边缘化。我们确定了四个新出现的治理挑战：1)确保DSF与大规模基础设施投资同等优先；2)管理与技术、网络和战略能源规划相关的新兴路径依赖关系；3)围绕人的需求构建公平的制度；4)在碎片化的治理环境中改善协调。这些治理见解为世界上寻求加速消费者灵活性的其他地区提供了学习。最近的GB政策正在寻求解决众多挑战，但治理需要超越渐进主义，采取协调一致的政策方法，解决集中能源系统思维，确保公平，并将DSF纳入综合整体系统规划。如果不能解决这些挑战，就有可能使DSF和消费者参与边缘化，被排除在能源系统之外。

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引用次数: 0

Making occupation and energy apartheid bankable: How European Union green hydrogen standards reproduce sovereignty theft in Palestine 让占领和能源隔离变得有利可图：欧盟绿色氢标准如何在巴勒斯坦重现主权盗窃

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104522

Hazem Almassry

European Union green hydrogen standards promise climate leadership through technical rigor. But what happens when these standards operate in occupied territories where one party controls another's access to water, land, and economic development? This paper examines how European Union renewable fuel regulations function in occupied Palestine. We analyze two proposed Palestinian hydrogen projects—one abandoned, one financed—alongside nine projects in Morocco, Jordan, and Egypt. We show that projects become financially viable in Palestine by designing around occupation rather than confronting it. Success requires treating Israeli military control over Palestinian water, movement, and infrastructure as permanent technical constraints rather than violations demanding remedy.

The mechanisms enabling this success are European verifiers measuring Palestinian resource use, offshore arbitration bypassing Palestinian courts, and international trustees controlling payment flows. These arrangements work because Palestinian institutions cannot provide enforcement—not due to institutional weakness, but because Israeli military occupation prevents Palestinian authorities from functioning. The same mechanisms that enable legitimate development financing in Morocco and Jordan serve a different function in Palestine: converting political domination into bankable risk.

Our findings reveal that European Union climate policy provides the technical architecture through which projects proceed within occupation as if it were ordinary business environment rather than ongoing crime under international law. Technical standards that appear neutral carry political content by determining whose institutions are legitimate and whose sovereignty matters. When climate mitigation requires arrangements that deny people control over their own resources, decarbonization reproduces rather than transcends extraction and domination. This matters beyond Palestine: it demonstrates how market-based climate policy can entrench rather than challenge the political conditions producing global inequality.

欧盟绿色氢标准承诺通过严格的技术来引领气候变化。但是，当这些标准在一方控制另一方获得水、土地和经济发展的占领区实施时会发生什么？本文探讨了欧盟可再生燃料法规如何在被占领的巴勒斯坦发挥作用。我们分析了两个拟议中的巴勒斯坦氢项目（一个被放弃，一个获得融资）以及摩洛哥、约旦和埃及的9个项目。我们表明，在巴勒斯坦，通过围绕占领而不是面对占领进行设计，项目在财务上是可行的。要想成功，就必须把以色列对巴勒斯坦水、交通和基础设施的军事控制视为永久的技术限制，而不是需要补救的违规行为。促成这一成功的机制是衡量巴勒斯坦资源使用情况的欧洲核查者、绕过巴勒斯坦法院的离岸仲裁以及控制支付流的国际受托人。这些安排之所以有效，是因为巴勒斯坦机构无法提供执行力——不是因为机构的弱点，而是因为以色列的军事占领阻碍了巴勒斯坦当局的运作。使摩洛哥和约旦获得合法发展融资的相同机制在巴勒斯坦发挥着不同的作用：将政治支配转化为可融资的风险。我们的研究结果表明，欧盟气候政策提供了技术架构，通过该架构，项目在占领范围内进行，就好像它是普通的商业环境，而不是国际法下的持续犯罪。看起来中立的技术标准通过决定谁的机构是合法的以及谁的主权重要而带有政治内容。当减缓气候变化所需要的安排使人们无法控制自己的资源时，脱碳就会再现，而不是超越开采和支配。这不仅关系到巴勒斯坦：它表明，基于市场的气候政策是如何巩固而不是挑战产生全球不平等的政治条件的。

{"title":"Making occupation and energy apartheid bankable: How European Union green hydrogen standards reproduce sovereignty theft in Palestine","authors":"Hazem Almassry","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>European Union green hydrogen standards promise climate leadership through technical rigor. But what happens when these standards operate in occupied territories where one party controls another's access to water, land, and economic development? This paper examines how European Union renewable fuel regulations function in occupied Palestine. We analyze two proposed Palestinian hydrogen projects—one abandoned, one financed—alongside nine projects in Morocco, Jordan, and Egypt. We show that projects become financially viable in Palestine by designing around occupation rather than confronting it. Success requires treating Israeli military control over Palestinian water, movement, and infrastructure as permanent technical constraints rather than violations demanding remedy.</div><div>The mechanisms enabling this success are European verifiers measuring Palestinian resource use, offshore arbitration bypassing Palestinian courts, and international trustees controlling payment flows. These arrangements work because Palestinian institutions cannot provide enforcement—not due to institutional weakness, but because Israeli military occupation prevents Palestinian authorities from functioning. The same mechanisms that enable legitimate development financing in Morocco and Jordan serve a different function in Palestine: converting political domination into bankable risk.</div><div>Our findings reveal that European Union climate policy provides the technical architecture through which projects proceed within occupation as if it were ordinary business environment rather than ongoing crime under international law. Technical standards that appear neutral carry political content by determining whose institutions are legitimate and whose sovereignty matters. When climate mitigation requires arrangements that deny people control over their own resources, decarbonization reproduces rather than transcends extraction and domination. This matters beyond Palestine: it demonstrates how market-based climate policy can entrench rather than challenge the political conditions producing global inequality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48384,"journal":{"name":"Energy Research & Social Science","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104522"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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