Japanese Dental Science Review最新文献

This systematic review provides an update on the development and efficacy of direct restorative dental materials for root caries interventions from in vitro and clinical studies. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using specific MeSH keywords. Full articles from September 1990 to October 2021 were collected. Additional articles were identified by reference retrieval and manual searching. Studies not related to restorative materials for root caries treatment, case reports, non-original articles, and/or articles not written in English were excluded. Bias risk assessment was performed for the clinical studies. Forty-two articles (eleven clinical studies and thirty-one in vitro studies) were included for analysis. Most in vitro studies indicated an excellent cariostatic effect of glass ionomer cement. Resin-modified glass ionomer restorations also presented reduced recurrent caries activity but had a lower efficacy than glass ionomer cement restorations. For composite resin restorations, the main material development strategies are to strengthen the tooth structure and integrate antimicrobial activity. The clinical studies offered limited data, so the most appropriate material for surface root caries treatment is still inconclusive. However, atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is an alternative treatment for patients with limiting conditions. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy of bioactive materials.

The anatomy of the oral and maxillofacial sites is complex, and bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, and inflammation in these zones are extremely difficult to repair. Among the most effective and reliable methods to attain osteogenesis, the guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique is extensively applied in defective oral and maxillofacial GBR. Furthermore, endowing biofunctions is crucial for GBR materials applied in repairing defective alveolar and maxillofacial bones. In this review, recent advances in designing and fabricating GBR materials applied in oral and maxillofacial sites are classified and discussed according to their biofunctions, including maintaining space for bone growth; facilitating the adhesion, migration, and proliferation of osteoblasts; facilitating the migration and differentiation of progenitor cells; promoting vascularization; providing immunoregulation to induce osteogenesis; suppressing infection; and effectively mimicking natural tissues using graded biomimetic materials. In addition, new processing strategies (e.g., 3D printing) and new design concepts (e.g., developing bone mimetic extracellular matrix niches and preparing scaffolds to suppress connective tissue to actively acquire space for bone regeneration), are particularly worthy of further study. In the future, GBR materials with richer biological functions are expected to be developed based on an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of bone-GBR-material interactions.

Glucosyltransferase enzymes (Gtfs) distribute among some streptococcal species in oral cavity and are known as key enzymes contributing to the development of oral biofilm such as dental plaque. In 18 streptococcal species, 45 glucosyltransferase genes (gtf) are detected from genome database. Gtfs catalyze the synthesis of the glucans, which are polymers of glucose, from sucrose and they are main component of oral biofilm. Especially, the Gtfs from Streptococcus mutans are recognized as one of dental caries pathogens since they contribute to the formation of dental plaque and the establishment of S. mutans in the tooth surface. Therefore, Gtfs has been studied particularly by many researchers in the dentistry field to develop the anti- caries vaccine. However, it is not still accomplished. In these days, the phylogenetic and crystal structure analyses of Gtfs were performed and the study of Gtfs will enter new situation from the technique in the past old viewpoint. The findings from those analyses will affect the development of the anti-caries vaccine very much after this.　In this review, we summarize the findings of oral streptococcal Gtfs and consider the perspectives of the dental caries prevention which targeted Gtf.

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process comprising cellular and molecular events which result in cells shifting from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype. Periodontitis is a destructive chronic disease of the periodontium initiated in response to a dysbiotic microbiome, and dominated by Gram-negative bacteria in the subgingival niches accompanied by an aberrant immune response in susceptible subjects. Both EMT and periodontitis share common risk factors and drivers, including Gram-negative bacteria, excess inflammatory cytokine production, smoking, oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus. In addition, periodontitis is characterized by down-regulation of key epithelial markers such as E-cadherin together with up-regulation of transcriptional factors and mesenchymal proteins, including Snail1, vimentin and N-cadherin, which also occur in the EMT program. Clinically, these phenotypic changes may be reflected by increases in microulceration of the pocket epithelial lining, granulation tissue formation, and fibrosis. Both in vitro and in vivo data now support the potential involvement of EMT as a pathogenic mechanism in periodontal diseases which may facilitate bacterial invasion into the underlying gingival tissues and propagation of inflammation. This review surveys the available literature and provides evidence linking EMT to periodontitis pathogenesis.

The current overview aimed to summarise the findings provided by systematic reviews (SRs) on the effect of surgical procedures in the acceleration of tooth movement and to assess the methodological quality of the included SRs. Three electronic databases have been explored. SRs addressing the effects of surgical procedures on the acceleration of tooth movement were included. The methodological quality of the included SRs was assessed using the updated version of “A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review” (AMSTAR‐2). Twenty-eight (28) SRs were included. The methodological quality of the included reviews ranged between critically low (6 studies) and high (12 studies). The most common critical weakness in the included reviews was the absence of clearly a‐prior established review methods and any significant deviations from the protocol. The most studied surgical procedure was corticotomy, followed by micro-osteoperforation, piezocision and periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics. The majority of the included SRs supported short-term favourable effects of corticotomy on treatment time and tooth movement rate, in the short-term. However, the authors of the included SRs reported that results were based on weak quality evidence. Conflicting results arise from the existent SRs with regards to the effectiveness of piezocision and micro-osteoperforation. Few SRs summarised complications and side effects of surgical techniques, supporting absence of loss of tooth vitality, periodontal problems, or severe root resorption. The current overview of SRs highlighted the need of high quality SRs comparing different surgical approaches for tooth movement acceleration though network meta-analysis, in order to determine the most efficient instrument for orthodontic movement acceleration.

Structured summary

Rationale: Nasal high-flow (NHF), a new method for respiratory management during procedural sedation, has greater advantages than conventional nasal therapy with oxygen. However, its clinical relevance for patients undergoing oral maxillofacial surgery and/or dental treatment remains uncertain and controversial, due to a paucity of studies. This scoping review compared and evaluated NHF and conventional nasal therapy with oxygen in patients undergoing oral maxillofacial surgery and/or dental treatment.

Materials and methods

A literature search of two public electronic databases was conducted, and English writing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of nasal high flow during dental procedure with sedation reviewed. The primary and secondary outcomes of interest were the incidence of hypoxemia and hypercapnia during sedation and the need for intervention to relieve upper airway obstruction, respectively.

Results

The search strategy yielded 7 studies, of which three RCTs met our eligibility criteria, with a total of 78 patients. Compared with conventional nasal therapy with oxygen, NHF significantly reduced the incidence of hypoxemia and hypercapnia during procedural sedation.

Conclusion

NHF can maintain oxygenation and possibly prevent hypercapnia in patients undergoing dental treatment. Additional RCTs are needed to clarify and confirm these findings.

Primary headache disorders (PHD), specifically migraine, are strongly associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), sharing some patterns of orofacial pain. Both disorders have significant genetic contributions already studied. PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct this systematic review, which comprehensively summarize and discuss the genetic overlap between TMD and PHD to aid future research in potential therapy targets. This review included eight original articles published between 2015 and 2020, written in English and related to either TMD and/or PHD. The genes simultaneously assessed in PHD and TMD studies were COMT, MTHFR, and ESR1. COMT was proved to play a critical role in TMD pathogenesis, as all studies have concluded about its impact on the occurrence of the disease, although no association with PHD was found. No proof on the impact of MTHFR gene regulation on either TMD or PHD was found. The most robust results are concerning the ESR1 gene, which is present in the genetic profile of both clinical conditions. This novel systematic review highlights not only the need for a clear understanding of the role of ESR1 and COMT genes in pain pathogenesis, but it also evaluates their potential as a promising therapeutic target to treat both pathologies.

Purpose

To systematically review in vitro studies that incorporated MMP inhibitors into adhesive systems in terms of the effect on immediate and aged bond strength of dental composite to dentine.

Materials and methods

Independently, two reviewers conducted an electronic search in three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P), up to 6 March 2022.

Results

The search resulted in 894 papers, 33 of which were eligible to be included in the review; of those, 13 fulfilled the meta-analysis eligibility criteria. Nineteen inhibitors were used among the studies, and those included in the meta-analysis were 2%, 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 5 µM GM1489, and 0.5%, 1% benzalkonium chloride (BAC). In the meta-analysis, while above inhibitors showed no adverse effect on bond strength, 0.2% CHX and 5 µM GM1489 caused a significant increase in immediate and 12-months bond strength. All other inhibitors resulted in a significant increase in bond strength at six months of ageing.

Conclusions

Incorporation of MMP inhibitors into the adhesive system has no unfavourable effect on immediate bond strength but a favourable effect on longer-term bond strength. Additionally, inhibitors other than CHX could have similar or better effects on bond strength.

Biobanks are not-for-profit services for the collection, processing, storage and distribution of biological samples and data for research and diagnostic purposes. In dentistry, biological materials and data obtained from questionnaires investigating oral conditions can be stored and used for large-scale studies on oral and systemic diseases. To give some examples: gene expression microarrays obtained on biobanked specimens were used in the identification of genetic alterations in oral cancer; efforts to identify genetic mechanisms behind dental caries have been based on an integrative analysis of transcriptome-wide associations and messenger RNA expression. One of the largest studies on facial pain was conducted using Biobank data. Cryopreservation of dental pulp stem cells is a common practice in tooth biobanks. With the exception of teeth and pulp, also leftover oral soft and hard tissues may represent a source of healthy samples that has rarely been exploited as yet. While biobanks are increasingly attracting the attention of the scientific community and becoming economically sustainable, a systematic approach to this resource in dentistry seems to be lacking. This review illustrates the applications of biobanking in dentistry, describing biobanked pathological and healthy samples and data, and discussing future developments.

Psychological stress in a chronic course is implicated in various diseases, such as coronary artery disease, diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and psychosomatic pain disorders. Commensal microbiota in the host tissues interact with each other and maintain overall health. Oral and gut microbiomes are considered as the most ecologically rich and taxonomically diverse microbiota communities in humans. The effects of psychological stress on the gut microbiome have been well documented, and the interaction is commonly referred as the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Like the gut microbiome, the oral microbiome contributes to maintaining both local and systemic health. Although the effects of psychological stress on the oral microbiome have been studied, comprehensive knowledge about the oral-brain axis is lacking. The oral cavity and gut can communicate with each other through the microbiota. Three-way interactions within the oral-gut-brain microbiota might exist in patients with psychological stress and disorders. The effect of psychological stress on the gut and oral microbiomes, and the potential interactions within the oral-gut-brain axis are discussed in this review.